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This mall attracts investment from all over the world and welcomes capable friends to cooperate. You must know that the fastest way to make money here is not to save money yourself, but to form your own team to earn generous commissions, and to lead team members to make money together. Introduction to platform activities: 1. Register to get VIP1 and get 1.2 USDT a day. 2. Register for a free lottery, with random rewards ranging from 1 to 9999 USDT, and the winning rate is 100%. 3. Invite friends to deposit more than 188USDT and get a lucky draw. The reward will be a random amount of 1-9999USDT, and the winning rate is 100%. 4. Invite 25 valid LEV1 real users to register and complete the sign-in, and you will receive 17 USDT for VIP upgrade. 5. Invite 2 LEV1 level members to recharge to purchase VIP2 or above, and then contact the platform customer service to obtain VIP2 and withdraw 6.1USDT. 6. Invite 4 LEV1 friends to recharge VIP3, get free VIP3, and earn 31 USDT daily. 7. Invite 3 LEV1 friends to recharge VIP4, get free VIP4, and earn 94 USDT daily. 8: Invite 2 LEV1 level friends to deposit to purchase VIP5, get free VIP5 and earn 347USDT daily. 9. The more VIP members you invite, the greater the rewards will be. Inviting 50 LEV1 members to become VIP2 or above will give you an additional daily reward of 8888 USDT Note: LEV2 and LEV3 will not be included in the gift range. Shopping mall official service: https://t.me/DeutscheBank_Mall 2.The following are the deposit quota income details: VIP1 quota is 0USDT. Daily income is 1.2USDT. VIP2 quota is 17USDT. Daily income is 6.1USDT. VIP3 quota is 65USDT. Daily income is 31USDT. VIP4 quota is 188USDT. Daily income is 94USDT. VIP5 quota is 659USDT. Daily income is 347USDT. VIP6 quota is 1299USDT. Daily income is 702USDT. VIP7 quota is 3888USDT. Daily income is 2160USDT. VIP8 quota is 6588USDT. Daily income is 3765USDT. VIP9 quota is 11999USDT. Daily income is 7058USDT. VIP10 quota is 22888USDT. Daily income is 13872USDT. 1: Recharge investment can only use USDT currency, choose TRC20 network. 2: You can complete a task every 24 hours, and you can earn profits by completing merchant orders every day. 3: Withdrawals arrive in 1-5 minutes, 9% handling fee for withdrawal, minimum withdrawal amount: 6.1 USDT. Withdraw money every five days! 3.Invite friends or share to get 20% rewards as follows: Invite members to LEV1 level, \"LEV1 level\" deposits 1,000 USDT and gets 13% (130 USDT) commission. Invite members to LEV2 level, \"LEV2 level\" deposits 1,000 USDT and gets 5% (50 USDT) commission. Invite members to LEV3 level, \"LEV3 level\" deposits 1,000 USDT and gets 2% (20 USDT) commission. Commission calculation (LEV1 level + LEV2 level + LEV3 level) = (total commission 20%/200USDT) Each VIP referral commission is different. The higher the level, the higher the referral commission you can get. Please consult customer service for details. 1. The bonus can be withdrawn immediately on the same day. The more users you recommend to join your promotion link, the more commission rewards you will receive. The commissions collected by the recommended users will go directly into your member account, and you can withdraw money directly! 2. The more VIP members you invite, the more rewards you will receive. Invite 50 LEV1 members to become VIP2 or above and receive an additional daily reward of 8888 USDT 3. Tell your team that the company registration invitation link can be promoted in any social software, as follows: Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, instarma, TikTok, KAO KAO, WhatsApp group, Telegram group or more social media. 4. It is strictly prohibited to use this platform to conduct illegal money laundering and disrupt financial management order."],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["text","https://de6ut7scheb8ank99-mall.com/#/"],["replyRequests",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","1fgsj1izbn4jc__j4S8C_1i1kPv7kTjXIUqhthz2cARYsHiRUXsWpPGi9x8Wv9a0__RUMORS_LINE_BOT"],["reason",""],["positiveFeedbackCount",0],["negativeFeedbackCount",0]]}]}],["id","1fgsj1izbn4jc"],["createdAt","2024-07-12T01:49:21.959Z"]]}],["replyConnections",{"__iterable":"List","data":[]}],["relatedArticles",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",25],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","j4S8C_Nozqq0mvJ1K41rFjng3weZKNWdllAoFAJiS6nFuNI6I"],["name","音樂性的柳營若拉"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",0]]}],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","LINE｜always at your side."],["url","https://line.me/update"],["summary","Life on LINELINE—always at your side.ScrollLife on LINEMore than just a messenger app.\nLINE is new level of communication, and the very infrastructure of your life.LINE NEWSKeep current with \nthe latest news on LINE.\nKeep current with the latest news on LINE.LINE NEWS is the most popular news content curation service in Asia and aims to deliver valuable content that enrich your everyday life.More detailsMore detailsLINE DoctorConnect with a doctor, right from the LINE app.\nConnect with a doctor, right from the LINE app.LINE Doctor is a telemedicine service that lets users book appointments, speak with a doctor over video call, and pay for consultations on the LINE app.\nReceive medical consultations at home when you don't have time to visit a hospital or want to avoid the crowd.More detailsMore detailsLINE PayEasily make \npayments online/offline with LINE Pay.\nEasily make payments online/offline with LINE Pay.LINE Pay is an easy, convenient, and safe payment system. Enjoy freely making payments without your wallet.More detailsMore detailsLINE MUSICListen, Watch and \nSing along.\nListen, Watch and Sing along.LINE MUSIC is a music streaming service in Japan with over 100 million songs, both Japanese and foreign. Users can listen to trending songs, watch music videos and enjoy the sing-along feature.More detailsMore detailsMessenger APPNew communication app which allows you to make FREE voice calls and\n send FREE messages whenever and wherever you are, 24 hours a day!Texts, Voice & Video Calls\nTexts, Voice & Video CallsYou can send one-on-one and group texts, and use international voice and video calls with your friends.Stickers, Emoji, Themes\nStickers, Emoji, ThemesYou can share you feelings with stickers or emoji, and wrap your app with colorful themesOpenChat\nOpenChatYou can meet new friends with similar interests and share fun news and information.Hometab\nHometabYou can access to various information, services, contents like LINE family services, stickers, etc.LINE VOOM\nLINE VOOMExplore even more content that you may like in the \"For you\" tab.Wallet\nWalletPaying or sending money by \"LINE Pay\", and you can use various LINE financial services.ServicesLINEA communication app that connects people, services, and information.LINEA communication app that connects people, services, and information.OpenChatTalk with other users with similar hobbies and interests.OpenChatTalk with other users with similar hobbies and interests.LINE MangaFind and read your favorite manga!LINE MangaFind and read your favorite manga!LINE MUSICCheck out and listen to trending songs.LINE MUSICCheck out and listen to trending songs.LINE FortuneA lot of famous fortune tellers are here to help you enjoy your daily life more.LINE FortuneA lot of famous fortune tellers are here to help you enjoy your daily life more.LINE RECORDSDigital label for streaming industry.LINE RECORDSDigital label for streaming industry.CharmmyMedia to support women's problems.CharmmyMedia to support women's problems.LINE POINT CLUBGet good deals with this LINE's membership program.LINE POINT CLUBGet good deals with this LINE's membership program.Part Time JobsFind a part-time job with LINE and apply right away.Part Time JobsFind a part-time job with LINE and apply right away.BRAND CATALOGOffer you good deals at all times.BRAND CATALOGOffer you good deals at all times.LINE FRIENDS Store\tOfficial online store of LINE character goods.LINE FRIENDS Store\tOfficial online store of LINE character goods.LINE FlyerDigital flyers for you to find good deals.LINE FlyerDigital flyers for you to find good deals.LINE GIFTSend warm and cozy presents for your friends.LINE GIFTSend warm and cozy presents for your friends.LINE PayLINE's mobile payment service.LINE PayLINE's mobile payment service.SecuritiesA full-scale but easy to use. Buy a stock from 100 yen.SecuritiesA full-scale but easy to use. Buy a stock from 100 yen.ScoreEnrich your life with LINE Score.ScoreEnrich your life with LINE Score.LINE Pocket MoneyTo those who need a little bit of money.LINE Pocket MoneyTo those who need a little bit of money.LINE FXStart FX with LINE.LINE FXStart FX with LINE.LINE AdsEasy online ad delivery.LINE AdsEasy online ad delivery.LINE Ads Platform for PublishersA large scale ad network to reach massive number of users.LINE Ads Platform for PublishersA large scale ad network to reach massive number of users.Talk Head ViewPlace your vide-ad on the top of the chat list page.Talk Head ViewPlace your vide-ad on the top of the chat list page.LINE Sales PromotionA new solution to sales activity! Use LINE to promote your business.LINE Sales PromotionA new solution to sales activity! Use LINE to promote your business.LINE Official AccountSend messages directly to your customers.LINE Official AccountSend messages directly to your customers.LINE POINT ADGet more users involved with an attractive incentive.LINE POINT ADGet more users involved with an attractive incentive.LINE Promotion StickerBrand your business through LINE stickers.LINE Promotion StickerBrand your business through LINE stickers.LINE mini app\tProvide useful services on LINE to support your daily life.LINE mini app\tProvide useful services on LINE to support your daily life.LINE researchThe Japan's biggest research platform.LINE researchThe Japan's biggest research platform.LINE WORKS“LINE for business”. Enjoy LINE-like chat, stickers with business-friendly features.LINE WORKS“LINE for business”. Enjoy LINE-like chat, stickers with business-friendly features.LINE NEWSRead latest, showbiz, all trending news on LINE.LINE NEWSRead latest, showbiz, all trending news on LINE.LINE Magic CoinCollect Coins to complete the Picture Books in this easy-to-play casual coin game!LINE Magic CoinCollect Coins to complete the Picture Books in this easy-to-play casual coin game!LINE Chef\tTeam up with Brown and Sally and become a top chef!LINE Chef\tTeam up with Brown and Sally and become a top chef!LINE Bubble 2Go on a journey with Cony and a dragon to find Brown.LINE Bubble 2Go on a journey with Cony and a dragon to find Brown.LINE PokoPokoMatch up blocks to destroy them in this fresh and fun puzzle gameLINE PokoPokoMatch up blocks to destroy them in this fresh and fun puzzle gameLINE Rangers\tLINE Rangers is a simple yet exciting, full-fledged tower defense RPG!LINE Rangers\tLINE Rangers is a simple yet exciting, full-fledged tower defense RPG!LINE: Disney Tsum TsumCollect, connect and pop cute Disney character Tsum Tsum.LINE: Disney Tsum TsumCollect, connect and pop cute Disney character Tsum Tsum.LINE PokoPang TownAn exhilarating one-tap puzzle game to build a town.LINE PokoPang TownAn exhilarating one-tap puzzle game to build a town.LINE POP2It is a fun puzzle game for both beginners and advanced players!LINE POP2It is a fun puzzle game for both beginners and advanced players!LINE PokoPangSwipe away tons of blocks in one go.LINE PokoPangSwipe away tons of blocks in one go.LINE Puzzle Tan TanClear the same blocks within the time limit with a cute panda!LINE Puzzle Tan TanClear the same blocks within the time limit with a cute panda!LINE Bubble!An exciting bubble shooting game with the LINE characters!LINE Bubble!An exciting bubble shooting game with the LINE characters!LINE BROWN FARM\tLINE's favorite character, Brown becomes a farmer?!LINE BROWN FARM\tLINE's favorite character, Brown becomes a farmer?!"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["text","您目前使用的版本無法正常顯示訊息內容，\n請先更新至最新版本後，再請對方重傳一次。\nhttps://line.me/update"],["id","3f9u7jarbpb42"],["createdAt","2024-12-19T07:20:52.410Z"]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",2],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","j4S8C_WAuYYj2LVfJbSwWOWex9UXA7W6d3Pwk7voZng0aQP9s"],["name","厚道的中和蜜妮安"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",0]]}],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","COVID 19 VACCINE WARNING! MARK OF THE BEAST! MANDATED VACCINE+CHIP"],["url","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMc74QpJf04"],["summary","https://id2020.org/alliance\n\nhttps://www.nowtheendbegins.com/big-pharma-microsoft-silicon-valley-id2020-alliance-combine-vaccinations-with-implantable-microchip-digital-id-mark-beast-end-times/\n\nVACCINE plus MICROCHIP\nhttps://principia-scientific.org/id2020-alliance-will-combine-vaccinations-implantable-id-microchips/\n\nUS COMPANIES RACE TO TEST CORONA VIRUS VACCINE\nhttps://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2020/02/27/investing/coronavirus-vaccine/index.html\n\nUS VACCINE TRIALS\nhttps://www.cnbc.com/amp/2020/02/25/us-health-officials-say-human-trials-on-coronavirus-vaccine-to-start-in-6-weeks.html"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","ID2020 | Alliance & Governance"],["url","https://id2020.org/alliance"],["summary","No government, company or agency can solve this challenge alone. Setting the future course of digital ID and navigating the associated risks is a challenge that requires sustained collaboration and global partnership.\n \n \n \n Why the Alliance\n \n \n \n \n Partners\n \n \n \n \n Governance\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Explore\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n The ID2020 Alliance is unique in its philosophy and transparent governance.\n \n \n ID2020 is building a new global model for the design, funding, and\nimplementation of digital ID solutions and technologies. There is no other multi-stakeholder effort focused on user-managed, privacy-protecting, and portable digital ID.\n \n \n Ad-hoc investments in single use-case projects (“business as usual”) will be insufficient to bring about transformative impact. Changing the flow of funds is necessary to re-align incentives. That’s why Alliance partners are pooling funds to invest in programs that consider digital ID holistically, as a platform for diverse benefits, services, and use cases throughout an individual’s life.\n \n \n Private sector engagement is critical for solving at scale. Alliance partners include companies with a collective footprint in the billions and a shared commitment to an ethical approach to digital ID. Decisions about how Alliance funds are administered, which programs to fund, and which technical standards to support are made jointly by Alliance partners through a transparent governance process, preventing dominance by any single institution or sector.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Alliance Partners\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n A global management consulting and professional services firm, Accenture joined as a founding partner in June 2017. Accenture representatives participate in ID2020’s Executive Board and Technical Advisory Committee.\n \n \n \n \n Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance brings together public and private sectors with the shared goal of creating equal access to new and underused vaccines for children living in the world’s poorest countries. Dr. Seth Berkley, CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, sits on our Executive Board.\n \n \n \n \n Since 1913, the Rockefeller Foundation has sought to improve the well-being of humanity around the world. The Rockefeller Foundation provided ID2020 with seed funding in in 2017 and has been an ongoing supporter of ID2020’s work.\n \n \n \n \n The American multinational technology company joined ID2020 in January 2018 as a founding partner. Members of the Microsoft team sit on ID2020’s Technical and Program Delivery Advisory Committees.\n \n \n \n \n Created by IDEO, the international design and consulting firm, to design products, services, and experiences to improve the lives of people in poor and vulnerable communities, IDEO.org joined ID2020 in 2018. IDEO.org is represented on our Program Delivery and Ecosystem & Advocacy Advisory Committees.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Alliance, a collaborative effort of global partners, is solving for scale from day one \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Closing the identity gap is an enormous challenge. It will take the work of many committed people and organizations coming together across different geographies, sectors and technologies. But it’s exciting to imagine a world where safe and secure digital identities are possible, providing everyone with an essential building block to every right and opportunity they deserve.\n Peggy Johnson\n Executive VP, Business Development, Microsoft Corporation\n \n \n Digital identity has the capacity to enable access to vital, life-saving services in many different development and humanitarian contexts, including by accelerating access to basic health care systems. I am excited to join ID2020's Executive Board, and guide the organization and partners in harnessing innovative technologies and multi-sectoral collaboration to benefit the world's most vulnerable populations.\n Dr. Seth Berkley\n CEO, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance\n \n \n Accenture has joined the ID2020 Alliance with partners like Microsoft to create an open, human-centric approach to identity. The alliance draws on advances in biometrics and innovative technologies and brings together expertise from business, government and non-government agencies.\n Christine Leong\n Digital Identity Innovations Lead\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Alliance Governance\n As an alliance, the success of this initiative depends on robust collaboration and a clearly defined means for stakeholder engagement.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Board\n The governing body for the Alliance is the ID2020 Alliance Executive Board. The eleven mmeber board includes five independent Directors, two Directors nominated as representatives of the public sector Founding Partners, two Directors nominated as representatives of the private sector Founding Partners, one Director nominated as a privacy expert, and one Director representing funding organizations.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Advisory Committees\n The Board is supported by four thematic Advisory Committees, which provide in-depth advice to the ID2020 Board. Membership in these committees is set by the Board, with Founding Partners eligible to nominate representatives to two Advisory Committees.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Secretariat\n ID2020, a US-registered 501(c)(3) based in New York, NY, is the Secretariat for the Alliance. As such, ID2020 is responsible and accountable for day-to-day operations, including: raising money to fund digital ID projects, coordinating with implementing partners for project implementation, setting and managing technical standards, monitoring and evaluation, legal and financial management and administration of the governance system. Management of these activities is the responsibility of ID2020’s Executive Director."],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Big Pharma And Microsoft Are Teaming Up In Something Called The 'ID2020 Alliance' That Will Combine Vaccinations With Implantable Microchips To Create Your Digital ID • Now The End Begins"],["url","https://www.nowtheendbegins.com/big-pharma-microsoft-silicon-valley-id2020-alliance-combine-vaccinations-with-implantable-microchip-digital-id-mark-beast-end-times/"],["summary","For years we’ve been watching as Microsoft founder Bill Gates, now retired from the company he founded, use his billions to give ‘free vaccinations‘ to people in third world countries. Now Bill has become a founding partner in another company, this one is called the ID2020 Alliance, and its goal is to give every human being on Earth a digital id. How do they plan on accomplishing this feat? By combining mandatory vaccinations with implantable microchips. Genius, isn’t it? And coming soon to a theater near you, as the saying goes.“And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.” Revelation 13:16-18 (KJV)So now you know what Bill Gates and his wife Melinda were really doing over the past 10 years, travelling to third word countries and giving ‘free vaccinations’ to the poor, downtrodden natives. Those ‘free vaccinations‘ was research and a live testing lab to conduct the necessary experiments required to form ID2020. And as you will see today, this unholy hybrid of vaccinations and implantable microchips is already happening in Bangladesh, soon it will be Boston. A page on the Gates Foundation website says that Bill and Melinda have so far invested over $2.5 billion dollars to this project, with no end in sight. Can the man who put the world behind a personal computer now put a vaccination microchip digital ID into the global population? Bill Gates is absolutely positive he can, and indeed is well on his way to achieving that goal.“Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God.” 2 Thessalonians 2:3,4 (KJV)We have been warning you about this for the past 10 years, and now it is happening. Are you ready for what comes next? I hope you are. Keep looking for that Blessed Hope, and thank God it comes before the time of Jacob’s trouble. If only my friend, Carl Sanders, the man who first revealed the inner-workings of the team that created the RFID microchip, had lived long enough to see this day.Vaccines now being used to harvest biometric identities of everyone; Big Brother merges with Big PharmaFROM NATURAL NEWS: The ID2020 Alliance, as it’s being called, is a digital identity program that aims to “leverage immunization” as a means of inserting tiny microchips into people’s bodies. In collaboration with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations, also known as GAVI, the government of Bangladesh and various other “partners in government, academia, and humanitarian relief,” the ID2020 Alliance hopes to usher in this mark of the beast as a way to keep tabs on every human being living on Earth.Similar to how cattle are marked with ear tags, this globalist alliance wants all humans to be “vaccinated” with digital tracking chips that will create a seamless monitoring system for the New World Order to manage the populations of the world with ease.“We are implementing a forward-looking approach to digital identity that gives individuals control over their own personal information, while still building off existing systems and programs,” says Anir Chowdhury, a policy advisor at a2i, the Bangladesh government’s “Access to Information Program.”“The government of Bangladesh recognizes that the design of digital identity systems carries far-reaching implications for individuals’ access to services and livelihoods, and we are eager to pioneer this approach,” he adds.Look at what is on the wall at this high-level meeting of ID2020 employees. Anyone care to guess what you’re looking at? 🤔While the ID2020 program’s testing grounds are primarily in the Third World, the group says it’s also now working with governments here in the United States to start microchipping people through vaccination.In Austin, Texas, for example, the homeless population is now being exploited as a collective guinea pig for ID2020’s microchip vaccination program, which the group claims will help to “empower” homeless people by supposedly giving them “control” over their personal identity data.“The City of Austin, ID2020, and several other partners are working together with homeless people and the service providers who engage with them to develop a blockchain-enabled digital identity platform called MyPass to empower homeless people with their own identity data,” writes Chris Burt for BiometricUpdate.com.MEET THE END TIMES PLAYERS BEHIND ID2020 ALLIANCE, ALL THE USUAL SUSPECTS AND A FEW NEW ONESID2020 is also jabbing refugees with its microchip vaccinations through two inaugural pilot programs known as iRespond and Everest. According to reports, iRespond has “improved continuity of care” for more than 3,000 refugees receiving drug treatments for chronic illness. Everest, on the other hand, has “assisted with the provision of access to critical energy subsidies and a range of additional services with secure and user-centric digital identities without relying on a smartphone,” Burt writes.All of this is priming the public for an eventual mandate of microchip vaccinations, which will be required for every individual in order to buy and sell goods. Chowdhury openly admitted this in stating that digital identity systems will be necessary for “individuals’ access to services and livelihoods.”In other words, the Bible is right: A global identification system is in the works that will eventually be required for people to function in society, and ultimately survive. Without these microchips in their bodies, people won’t be able to work, let alone eat, and it’s all happening right before our very eyes.Keep in mind that ID2020 is a part of the so-called “REAL ID,” which will soon be required for those who wish to travel. REAL ID will also be used as a backdoor method of implementing mandatory vaccination policies for adults. READ MOREOur Manifesto | ID2020We believe the ability to prove one’s identity is a fundamental and universal human right. ID2020 Alliance partners jointly define functional requirements, influencing the course of technical innovation and providing a route to technical interoperability, and therefore trust and recognition. ID2020 Summit 2018: Part 1The ID2020 Alliance is a public-private partnership committed to improving lives through user-centric, portable, privacy-protecting digital identity. This year’s Summit, convened by ID2020 Alliance, brought together leaders and innovators in the field to discuss the technical and non-technical requirements to yield a collective roadmap that moves us towards broad adoption of “good” digital identity for all. Carl Sanders Helped Design The first Implantable MicrochipCarl Sanders was an engineer on the world’s first implantable microchip, and in the process of working on this incredible end times device, Carl got saved and spent the rest of his life warning people about what was coming. What you will hear in this video clip is taken from a cassette tape that was sent around churches back in the 1990’s, I had one of those copies. When the Lord had me start NTEB, Bro. Carl and I became friends and he was a guest on our program many times. This is the audio from that cassette tape. I had the privilege of interviewing Bro. Carl back in 2013, and you can listen to that interview here.Now The End Begins is your front line defense against the rising tide of darkness in the last days before the Rapture of the ChurchHOW TO DONATE:Click here to view our GoFundMe pageWhen you contribute to this fundraising effort, you are helping us to do what the Lord called us to do. The money you send in goes primarily to the overall daily operations of this site. When people ask for Bibles, we send them out at no charge. When people write in and say how much they would like gospel tracts but cannot afford them, we send them a box at no cost to them for either the tracts or the shipping, no matter where they are in the world. Even all the way to South Africa. We even restarted our weekly radio Bible study on Sunday nights again, thanks to your generous donations. All this is possible because YOU pray for us, YOU support us, and YOU give so we can continue growing.CLICK IMAGE TO ORDER YOUR BOX OF NTEB GOSPEL TRACTSBut whatever you do, don’t do nothing. Time is short and we need your help right now. If every one of the 13,131 people on our daily mailing list gave $4.50, we would reach our goal immediately. If every one of our 151,781 followers on Facebook gave $1.00 each, we would reach 300% of our goal. The same goes for our 14,500 followers on Twitter. But sadly, many will not give, so we need the ones who can and who will give to be generous. As generous as possible.“Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ;” Titus 2:13 (KJV)“Thank you very much!” – Geoffrey, editor-in-chief, NTEBHOW TO DONATE: Click here to view our GoFundMe page"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","'ID2020 Alliance' Will Combine Vaccinations & Implantable ID Microchips | PSI Intl"],["url","https://principia-scientific.org/id2020-alliance-will-combine-vaccinations-implantable-id-microchips/"],["summary","Big Pharma is officially partnering with the tech industry to pair “immunization” with digital biometrics, meaning humans will soon be microchipped, tracked, and ultimately controlled through a global identification matrix.For years we’ve been watching as Microsoft founder Bill Gates, now retired from the company he founded, use his billions to give ‘free vaccinations‘ to people in third world countries. Now Bill has become a founding partner in another company, this one is called the ID2020 Alliance, and its goal is to give every human being on Earth a digital id. How do they plan on accomplishing this feat? By combining mandatory vaccinations with implantable microchips. Genius, isn’t it? And coming soon to a theater near you, as the saying goes.So now you know what Bill Gates and his wife Melinda were really doing over the past 10 years, travelling to third word countries and giving ‘free vaccinations’ to the poor, downtrodden natives. Those ‘free vaccinations‘ was research and a live testing lab to conduct the necessary experiments required to form ID2020.And as you will see today, this unholy hybrid of vaccinations and implantable microchips is already happening in Bangladesh, soon it will be Boston. A page on the Gates Foundation website says that Bill and Melinda have so far invested over $2.5 billion dollars to this project, with no end in sight.Can the man who put the world behind a personal computer now put a vaccination microchip digital ID into the global population? Bill Gates is absolutely positive he can, and indeed is well on his way to achieving that goal.“Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God.” 2 Thessalonians 2:3,4 (KJV)We have been warning you about this for the past 10 years, and now it is happening. Are you ready for what comes next? I hope you are. Keep looking for that Blessed Hope, and thank God it comes before the time of Jacob’s trouble. If only my friend, Carl Sanders, the man who first revealed the inner-workings of the team that created the RFID microchip, had lived long enough to see this day.Vaccines now being used to harvest biometric identities of everyone; Big Brother merges with Big PharmaFROM NATURAL NEWS: The ID2020 Alliance, as it’s being called, is a digital identity program that aims to “leverage immunization” as a means of inserting tiny microchips into people’s bodies. In collaboration with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations, also known as GAVI, the government of Bangladesh and various other “partners in government, academia, and humanitarian relief,” the ID2020 Alliance hopes to usher in this mark of the beast as a way to keep tabs on every human being living on Earth.Similar to how cattle are marked with ear tags, this globalist alliance wants all humans to be “vaccinated” with digital tracking chips that will create a seamless monitoring system for the New World Order to manage the populations of the world with ease.“WE ARE IMPLEMENTING A FORWARD-LOOKING APPROACH TO DIGITAL IDENTITY THAT GIVES INDIVIDUALS CONTROL OVER THEIR OWN PERSONAL INFORMATION, WHILE STILL BUILDING OFF EXISTING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMS,” SAYS ANIR CHOWDHURY, A POLICY ADVISOR AT A2I, THE BANGLADESH GOVERNMENT’S “ACCESS TO INFORMATION PROGRAM.”“The government of Bangladesh recognizes that the design of digital identity systems carries far-reaching implications for individuals’ access to services and livelihoods, and we are eager to pioneer this approach,” he adds.Look at what is on the wall at this high-level meeting of ID2020 employees. Anyone care to guess what you’re looking at? While the ID2020 program’s testing grounds are primarily in the Third World, the group says it’s also now working with governments here in the United States to start microchipping people through vaccination.IN AUSTIN, TEXAS, FOR EXAMPLE, THE HOMELESS POPULATION IS NOW BEING EXPLOITED AS A COLLECTIVE GUINEA PIG FOR ID2020’S MICROCHIP VACCINATION PROGRAM, WHICH THE GROUP CLAIMS WILL HELP TO “EMPOWER” HOMELESS PEOPLE BY SUPPOSEDLY GIVING THEM “CONTROL” OVER THEIR PERSONAL IDENTITY DATA.“The City of Austin, ID2020, and several other partners are working together with homeless people and the service providers who engage with them to develop a blockchain-enabled digital identity platform called MyPass to empower homeless people with their own identity data,” writes Chris Burt for BiometricUpdate.com.MEET THE END TIMES PLAYERS BEHIND ID2020 ALLIANCE, ALL THE USUAL SUSPECTS AND A FEW NEW ONESID2020 is also jabbing refugees with its microchip vaccinations through two inaugural pilot programs known as iRespond and Everest. According to reports, iRespond has “improved continuity of care” for more than 3,000 refugees receiving drug treatments for chronic illness. Everest, on the other hand, has “assisted with the provision of access to critical energy subsidies and a range of additional services with secure and user-centric digital identities without relying on a smartphone,” Burt writes.All of this is priming the public for an eventual mandate of microchip vaccinations, which will be required for every individual in order to buy and sell goods. Chowdhury openly admitted this in stating that digital identity systems will be necessary for “individuals’ access to services and livelihoods.”In other words, the Bible is right: A global identification system is in the works that will eventually be required for people to function in society, and ultimately survive. Without these microchips in their bodies, people won’t be able to work, let alone eat, and it’s all happening right before our very eyes.Keep in mind that ID2020 is a part of the so-called “REAL ID,” which will soon be required for those who wish to travel. REAL ID will also be used as a backdoor method of implementing mandatory vaccination policies for adults. READ MOREOur Manifesto | ID2020We believe the ability to prove one’s identity is a fundamental and universal human right. ID2020 Alliance partners jointly define functional requirements, influencing the course of technical innovation and providing a route to technical interoperability, and therefore trust and recognition.ID2020 Summit 2018: Part 1The ID2020 Alliance is a public-private partnership committed to improving lives through user-centric, portable, privacy-protecting digital identity. This year’s Summit, convened by ID2020 Alliance, brought together leaders and innovators in the field to discuss the technical and non-technical requirements to yield a collective roadmap that moves us towards broad adoption of “good” digital identity for all.Carl Sanders Helped Design The first Implantable MicrochipCarl Sanders was an engineer on the world’s first implantable microchip, and in the process of working on this incredible end times device, Carl got saved and spent the rest of his life warning people about what was coming. What you will hear in this video clip is taken from a cassette tape that was sent around churches back in the 1990’s, I had one of those copies. When the Lord had me start NTEB, Bro. Carl and I became friends and he was a guest on our program many times. This is the audio from that cassette tape. I had the privilege of interviewing Bro. Carl back in 2013, and you can listen to that interview here.****PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL, legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes. Head Office: 27 Old Gloucester Street, London WC1N 3AX. Please DONATE TODAY To Help Our Non-Profit Mission To Defend The Scientific Method."],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Drug companies race to test coronavirus vaccines"],["url","https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/27/investing/coronavirus-vaccine/index.html"],["summary","New York (CNN Business)Gilead Sciences stock was up slightly on Thursday, even as the Dow plunged into correction status. The reason? The biotech company is moving closer to finding a potential treatment for the deadly coronavirus. It plans to start administering its remdesivir drug to patients next month. Shares of Gilead Sciences (GILD) have risen more than 10% in the past five days as the race to find an effective treatment for the outbreak continues. It's not alone. The stocks of two smaller biotechs working on coronavirus vaccines -- Moderna (MRNA) and Novavax (NVAX) -- have both soared in the past few days on hopes that their treatments may show some success as well.Gilead said in a statement late Wednesday that it will be administering its remdesivir drug to \"approximately 1,000 patients at medical centers primarily across Asian countries, as well as other countries globally with high numbers of diagnosed cases, beginning in March.\"The World Health Organization has said that remdesivir may have the best chance of effectively treating the Wuhan coronavirus.Gilead said in its statement that it will conduct two randomized studies to evaluate the effectiveness of different dosing durations of remdesivir.One will be for about 400 patients with severe clinical manifestations of coronavirus. The other will be for about 600 patients with more moderate symptoms. Patients in both groups will receive the drug for either five or 10 days."],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","US health officials say human trials on coronavirus vaccine to start in 6 weeks"],["url","https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2020/02/25/us-health-officials-say-human-trials-on-coronavirus-vaccine-to-start-in-6-weeks.html"],["summary","Human trials testing a potential vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus are expected to begin in six weeks, U.S. health officials announced Tuesday.\"We are on time at least and maybe even a little bit better,\" Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told reporters.Passengers arrive at LAX from Shanghai, China, after a positive case of the coronavirus was announced in the Orange County suburb of Los Angeles, California, January 26, 2020.Ringo Chiu | ReutersHuman trials testing a potential vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus are expected to begin in six weeks, U.S. health officials announced Tuesday.\"We are on time at least and maybe even a little bit better,\" Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, told reporters at a press conference. \"Hopefully, no further glitches.\"The White House reportedly asked Congress on Monday for $1.25 billion in additional funding to bolster its coronavirus response, including money to develop a vaccine and therapeutics to treat the virus. The National Institutes of Health has been working with biotech company Moderna to develop a vaccine using the current strain of the coronavirus.Hopes to get a vaccine to market are high, but doctors want expectations to be low for how quickly it can happen. Developing, testing and reviewing any potential vaccine is a long, complex and expensive endeavor that could take months or even years, global health experts say. Before researchers can begin human trials, they must have a firm understanding of the pathogen, run safety tests and find enough human volunteers.U.S. health officials are fast-tracking work on a coronavirus vaccine.Fauci said Tuesday that the potential vaccine has so far been put into mice and is \"immunogenic,\" or triggers a response in the immune system, suggesting it could fight the virus.\"The gene has been expressed in the platform, in this case, a messenger RNA. The material has been produced, it's been put into mice. It's immunogenic,\" he said. \"It's now getting ready to go through the regulatory issues of getting it to go.\"Fauci said a vaccine may not solve \"problems in the next couple of months but it certainly would be an important tool that we would have.\" He said it's possible the virus will prove to be seasonal, thus likely to subside in the warmer months like the flu.There are currently no proven therapies for the latest outbreak, which has killed at least 2,704 and sickened more than 80,200 people worldwide since emerging from the Chinese city of Wuhan about two months ago.Local authorities in China have using Gilead Sciences' antiviral drug Remdesivir, which was tested as a possible treatment during the Ebola outbreak, U.S. health officials said last month. Some authorities are also using antiviral drug Kaletra, developed by drugmaker AbbVie, on a \"compassionate basis.\"Earlier in the day, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention outlined what schools and businesses will likely need to do if the COVID-19 virus becomes an epidemic outbreak in the U.S.\"We are asking the American public to work with us to prepare for the expectation that this could be bad,\" Dr. Nancy Messonnier, director of the CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, told reporters on a conference call.The CDC late Monday confirmed 53 cases in the U.S., a majority of which came from passengers repatriated from the Diamond Princess cruise ship that was quarantined off the coast of Japan. The data shows that 36 of the cases are attributed to the cruise ship, three patients were infected in Wuhan and later evacuated to the U.S., and the rest were largely infected while traveling overseas.Just two cases were contracted through person-to-person contact in the U.S., the CDC said.Later Tuesday, U.S. health officials said the outbreak will likely become a global pandemic. They also confirmed four new cases from the cruise ship.\"Current global circumstances suggest it's likely this virus will cause a pandemic,\" Anne Schuchat, principal deputy director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention told reporters at a news briefing.\"It's not so much a question of if this will happen any more, but rather more a question of when this will happen and how many people in this country will become infected and how many of those will develop severe or more complicated disease,\" she added.CNBC's Noah Higgins-Dunn contributed to this report."],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["text","轉～值得參考儆醒防範\n——-\nCOVID 19 VACCINE WARNING! MARK OF THE BEAST! MANDATED VACCINE+CHIP\n疫苗警告！兽印！强制性疫苗+芯片\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMc74QpJf04\nWatchwoman 2020年2月27日\n今天是2020年2月27日。一礼拜之前主赐给我一个很长的梦。我今天在这个视频中，只将重要的一部分发布出来。通过这个梦，我要警告大家，务必抵挡政府要你注射的疫苗，因为那里面结合着一个植入芯片，而且这个疫苗将会在你的手上注射！这个芯片就是那“兽印”！\n还有，我们看到有一种防流感的疫苗，也要出来，那是一种严重的流感病毒。\n在梦里，有一个邪恶的女人，我已经是个成年人，能够允许她去对我做她要做的事情。她站在我前面，手里拿着一只注射针头，注射管是紫色薰衣草的颜色，里面有液体。她看着我说：“这是为了医治你的焦虑症。”我刚一同意，她立即就给我注射了。然后我感觉自己失去了知觉，无法控制我的身体了。当时我好像半睡半醒的状态，我向下看我的手，上面有两只创可贴，而不是一只创可贴。她说只给我注射一针，为何有两只创可贴呢？\n那个梦还在继续，我看到的下一件事就是，我的名字从生命册上被耶稣的眼泪涂抹了。祂的眼泪流到我的名字上，无论我多么努力，我再也无法将我的名字写回去了。\n当我醒来以后，就赶紧把这个梦的内容，详细记录下来。我明白了，这是神在提醒我，即将有一种疫苗，与兽印结合在一起，注射进入我们的人体里，而且还要给全世界的人注射。我认为，他们会知道他们自己正在接受一个芯片在手上，但是, 却以某种方式与疫苗相捆绑。有可能是在同一次注射当中植入的，也可能说是为了预防冠状病毒，或者说是预防即将到来的其它的坏病毒。你必须同意和允许他们在你手上植入这个兽印芯片。\n当我进行研究的时候，我发现了一些信息。我将链接放在本视频的下方的“Description Box”里面。\n有一种东西，叫做“ID 2020”。那是有世界上最富有的人们所计划运行的，包括比尔·盖茨基金会，以及其他世界上最有的钱人。他们企图要让人们接受一种联合疫苗和追踪芯片，称之为“ID 2020”。他们正在世界上的贫穷地区，开始试验这个东西。\n就在2月25日，两天前，CDC宣布，他们要开始在美国进行疫苗注射试验，在那些已经患上冠状病毒的人们身上进行。他们表示很高兴地宣布，他们已经有一种疫苗了，他们认为这看起来很好，但我觉得这很奇怪，怎么会这么快，似乎已经早有预备呢？好像他们早就准备要给人们注射这种疫苗了？\n如果你感染了冠状病毒，也不要参加任何一种像这样的试验，因为我很清楚，这种疫苗，是以某种方式，与兽印芯片相结合。他们企图植入你的右手上面，或是你的额头上面。\n我这是一个严重的警告，接受了他们的兽印的人，再也无法进入天国了！因为在圣经《启示录》13:16中说过：“牠又叫众人，无论大小贫富、自主的、为奴的，都在右手里，或是在额里，受一个印记。”14:9“若有人敬拜兽和兽像，在额里，或手里，受了牠的印记（接受了兽印），这人必喝神大怒的酒；此酒斟在神忿怒的杯中纯一不杂。他要在圣天使和羔羊面前，在火与硫磺之中受痛苦。他们受痛苦的烟往上冒，直到永永远远。有谁敬拜兽和兽像，受牠名之印记的，昼夜不得安宁。”\n耶稣很快就要回来了。我向那些没有跟随神的人们发出警告。你们很可能要面对这件事情。那些已经感染了冠状病毒的人们，生病的人们，考虑要接受疫苗试验的人们，要坚定持守你对耶稣基督的信仰，相信圣经，拒绝疫苗和兽印。这是从耶稣而来的强烈警告！而且我已经得到了多个印证，我非常清楚，他们要对我们做什么！\n请将此警告，尽可能多地传播出去！愿神祝福你！\n——-\n在此影片下方有說明\n內容如下：\n（可自行用網路翻譯下文）\n\nID2020\nhttps://id2020.org/alliance\n\nhttps://www.nowtheendbegins.com/big-pharma-microsoft-silicon-valley-id2020-alliance-combine-vaccinations-with-implantable-microchip-digital-id-mark-beast-end-times/\n\nVACCINE plus MICROCHIP\nhttps://principia-scientific.org/id2020-alliance-will-combine-vaccinations-implantable-id-microchips/\n\nUS COMPANIES RACE TO TEST CORONA VIRUS VACCINE\nhttps://www.cnn.com/2020/02/27/investing/coronavirus-vaccine/index.html\n\nUS VACCINE TRIALS\nhttps://www.cnbc.com/amp/2020/02/25/us-health-officials-say-human-trials-on-coronavirus-vaccine-to-start-in-6-weeks.html\n"],["id","2ova5eb307l8a"],["createdAt","2020-02-29T17:32:42.298Z"]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",2],["user",null],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Edward M. Mautner Oral History"],["url","http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/NASA_HQ/Experts/MautnerEM/MautnerEM_3-22-12.htm"],["summary","NASA Johnson Space Center \n Oral History Project\n Edited Oral History Transcript\n Edward \n M. Mautner\n Interviewed by Jennifer Ross-Nazzal\n Chantilly, Virginia – 22 March 2012\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Today is March 22, 2012. This interview with Ed Mautner is being conducted \n at the [Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum] Steven Udvar-Hazy \n Center in Chantilly, Virginia, for the JSC Oral History Project. Interviewer \n is Jennifer Ross-Nazzal, assisted by Rebecca Wright. Thanks again \n for taking time out of your schedule.\n Mautner: \n You’re welcome, it’s my pleasure to do it.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n If you would, tell us about the state of [OV (orbiter vehicle)-101] \n Enterprise in 2003 before she was restored.\n Mautner: \n My familiarity with Enterprise was quite limited before I began work \n on it. When we received it, it had been stored both outdoors and in \n a non-climate-controlled hangar since the mid-80s, and a lot of deterioration \n of the surface coatings—the paint, the markings—had taken \n place. Woodpeckers had gotten up onto the vertical stabilizer and \n pecked a lot of holes into the polyurethane foam that they used as \n a mockup for tiles. I don’t recall the number of holes, but \n there were quite a few of them. \n And then just about every form of creature had made the Enterprise \n their habitat and playground. Birds had gotten into it; bugs had gotten \n into it. Hornets or wasps had made their little mud nests in the landing \n gear wells. They made it out of this beautiful red Virginia clay dirt \n that surrounds the area. In fact, when we started to clean them it \n almost seemed as if the aircraft was bleeding, the soil they made \n those nests out of was so red.\n It had basically suffered a lot of inattention. It hadn’t been \n cleaned or worked on to any great degree. I believe it was outside \n for about two years prior to them building the hangar for it, and \n it had been rained on. There were many ports of entries for water, \n and so water had pooled inside the bottom of the fuselage and it had \n left a lot of staining from dirt, waterlines, etc. and also had caused \n some minor pitting and corrosion. Nothing that would weaken the structure \n of the aircraft but certainly had caused some deterioration.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Tell us about that move, when you decided to move her from that hangar \n into this facility.\n Mautner: \n Until I walked in March 1st of 2004, I had never touched Enterprise \n and I had really nothing to do with it. I recall being in the hangar \n the day they moved it in, and just about all the employees who were \n out here took a break to watch them tug it down the tow way from the \n airport and into the building.\n What was noteworthy at the time was that they had cut a notch in the \n back wall of the space hangar in order to permit the vertical [stabilizer] \n to come through. It was the only way to get Enterprise into that building \n without taking the vertical off, which would have been a prohibitively \n difficult task. I came back the next day and the blanking plate had \n been restored as if the building had never changed at all, so that \n was pretty neat. It was a well-prepared move.\n That took place in the early fall of 2003, and while I was aware that \n it was in the building, it was sometime after January 2004 that I \n was notified that I would be working on it in preparation for the \n opening of the space hall [James S. McDonnell Space Hangar].\n Ross-Nazzal: \n What was your expertise prior to working on Enterprise? Were you working \n on aircraft restoration?\n Mautner: \n My background is—the British would describe it as checkered. \n I did a whole lot of things before I got directly involved in airplanes. \n I started out as a kid building model airplanes, and I never gave \n that up. I always built model airplanes, and I continue to do so. \n And I was always a museum rat, an airplane museum rat. Whenever we \n traveled, wherever we went, there was always a stop at an airplane \n museum somewhere.\n Somewhere around the late 80s, my wife and I had moved our children \n to southern California, and I began to volunteer in some aircraft \n museums out there. Planes of Fame in [Air Museum] Chino, and later \n at the Command Museum at U.S. Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, which \n was right in the town I lived in so it was convenient to work there. \n I started doing structures work.\n In January of 1989 I left a former career and made a great midlife \n career change whereby I wanted to work in an aircraft museum. I had \n enjoyed volunteering on Saturdays so much, I went to Cal [California] \n State University, San Bernardino, for a Museum Studies certificate \n program. My background was in auto mechanics, and I needed to create \n a resume to get into working on aircraft, especially in museums. I \n enjoyed it immensely but had a problem with the hours of class.\n By great good fortune, McDonnell Douglas [Corporation] was hiring \n mechanics in the summer of 1989. Actually they’d been hiring \n prior to that, but that’s when I found out. I went and I applied, \n and they hired me immediately because of my automotive experience. \n I became a structures mechanic on the C-17 [aircraft] program in Long \n Beach, California. That was my first real hands-on experience with \n real aircraft manufacturing.\n I worked at McDonnell Douglas from August of 1989 until June of 1994, \n when there were massive layoffs. They were losing their contracts \n for MD-80s [airliners], and the MD-11 [airliner] never took off. The \n C-17 was in a state of flux because Congress and the Air Force were \n at loggerheads, so I and tens of thousands of others were laid off \n during that year.\n Meanwhile I had gone from my certificate program at Cal State, San \n Bernardino, to a Master’s program at Cal State, Dominguez Hills \n in Historic Preservation. Because John [F.] McDonnell of the McDonnell \n Douglas Corporation was interested in an educated workforce, they \n paid for almost all of my Master’s program, everything but my \n research courses and my thesis. \n I had early on decided that my thesis was going to be in aircraft \n preservation at the National Air and Space Museum. I thought that \n they were the best. They were the ones that were writing about aircraft \n preservation, and I really wanted to write about how they did it, \n because that seemed to be the benchmark.\n In June of 1994 I was laid off, and I immediately contacted the museum \n to do an internship back here so that I could do further research \n for my thesis. In August and September of ’94 I did a 60-day \n volunteer internship. I was outside of their regular program, so there \n was no stipend; I just came in and volunteered. I worked in the restoration \n shop during the day until about 3:30 [p.m.]. I’d then go across \n the river, downtown to the main museum and I would work in the archives.\n The people in the archives—I don’t know why, I was a total \n stranger to them—they let me stay after hours. In fact, at five \n o’clock when they left, they issued me instructions on what \n lights to turn off and how to shut down the computers. I would stay \n there till 8:30 so I’d get all my research. I had one other \n paper and I had my thesis to do, so I spent almost every weekday night \n at the museum doing that.\n They said, “Stay in touch; we’re going to be hiring.” \n The hiring was going to ramp up for this facility, this new Udvar-Hazy \n Center, so I stayed in touch. Every month I contacted somebody associated \n with the restoration facility, and finally in 1997 they said, “Something’s \n going to happen. Get back here; be nearby.” So I stayed with \n relatives and I hung out and I volunteered, and finally in February \n of 1998 they hired me. They did it because I had the academic background, \n but I also had, from McDonnell Douglas and my volunteer efforts, the \n mechanical background as well. I was very fortunate that the timing \n worked out. \n My background is chiefly in aircraft structures, which would be the \n main metal pieces that form the basis of the aircraft upon which everything \n else is hung. After I get through with my work, then the hydraulics \n people and the fuel people and the electrical people and the power \n plant people take over.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n What sort of planes have you worked on since you began working here?\n Mautner: \n The first one that I started working on was a Japanese single-engine \n floatplane bomber, [the Aichi M6A1 Seiran]. It looks more like a fighter \n with floats, but it was in fact a strategic bomber that the Japanese \n designed to fold up into an 11-foot diameter circle and fit into the \n tube on a submarine. This submarine was an aircraft carrier, literally, \n and it carried three of these. Very significant aircraft, because \n it was designed to bomb the Panama Canal locks. \n The submarine was probably more technologically advanced than the \n aircraft. It was designed to go 27,000 miles without refueling, and \n they actually did have plans to use these small bombers to bomb New \n York [City, New York] and possibly even Boston [Massachusetts]. It \n was a metal airplane, and my sheet metal experience came to good use \n there. \n After that, they put me on a World War I bomber, a twin-engine fabric-and-wood \n bomber. That airplane was a Caudron G.4, a French bomber that the \n United States tested but never purchased. Because we had no combat \n aircraft in World War I, we had to go to the French and the British \n and the Italians. That was an excellent experience because that broadened \n out my sheet metal and structures experience to wood and fabric. That \n airplane is also currently on display here.\n The next aircraft is one I’m still working on. We have a limited \n number of people here, so we get shifted off of whatever project we’re \n on to take care of other things in the museum, such as creating a \n display or working on the Enterprise for nine months in 2004. From \n about 2000 until this year, I’m still working on a World War \n II German night fighter, the Heinkel 219, a huge metal twin-engine \n aircraft, where again my airframe and sheet metal experience has come \n into use.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Tell us what lessons you learned from working on those aircraft that \n you applied to the Enterprise.\n Mautner: \n In my case, precious few. It was a great departure from what we call \n restoration, where you actually have to fabricate or replicate or \n repair structural pieces of an aircraft. This was largely a massive \n clean-up and painting effort, so it falls under the role of preservation. \n That’s really our role here, preservation. Everybody talks about \n restoration, but restoration is the court of last resort when everything \n has pretty much gone to pot and needs to be drastically repaired or \n replaced.\n What we did on Enterprise fell under the heading of preservation, \n but we called it a refurbishment because we didn’t do anything \n to repair it. It was still considered to be NASA’s aircraft, \n and it came to us in such good structural condition that there really \n was nothing to repair on it except for the paint work.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Would you tell us about working with NASA and USA [United Space Alliance] \n on this project? I understand they were involved.\n Mautner: \n Yes, they were. When we first began on March 1, 2004, we were pretty \n much on our own. There were just three of us: myself, Anne [C.] McCombs, \n and Steve Kautner. We walked into this big empty hangar. The only \n thing that was in it at the time was Enterprise, and it didn’t \n even have a barrier around it because the public wasn’t allowed \n in that building yet. We just kind of stood there and wondered, “Where \n the heck are we going to start on this thing?” \n We had no high-lift equipment—all we had access to were ladders—so \n we decided to start working on the landing gear. We had no contact \n with NASA outside of certain parameters that they gave us in cleaning \n and painting it, that we were given by the curator, Valerie Neal. \n Without anything else but ourselves, we began the cleaning process \n at the lowest part of the Space Shuttle, areas that were accessible \n initially to us.\n Our experience with NASA and USA came a little bit later, and [their] \n big project was the removal of all of the cockpit windscreens, the \n front ones. I believe that there were three panels in them, and there \n were some engineering discussions as to whether they could get away \n with just two panels. The challenge for us was to provide them with \n the platforms to get up there and work off of. \n Anne and I were involved, and at that point we had a lot of mechanics \n from United Airlines [Inc.] come in to assist us. Their bosses permitted \n them to give us some high-lift platforms that were attached to trucks. \n We could maneuver a truck in and then raise a platform and extend \n it out over the nose of Enterprise in order for the USA guys to remove \n those windshields. The other problem was these windscreens were very, \n very heavy. They required quite a bit of effort to crane off of the \n Shuttle.\n At that point, I began to get to meet some of the guys, most specifically \n from USA. One of them was a fellow named Tom [Thomas W.] Roberts, \n and Tom’s my friend now. He was back here for the last visit. \n There were several other mechanics that came up from KSC [NASA Kennedy \n Space Center, Florida] who I would count as really good acquaintances, \n friends, who we worked with. Got to meet Kevin [C.] Templin. He was \n always there, very personable fellow, and always a go-to guy for information \n and leadership. \n Whenever they came back, we dropped what we were doing and became \n assistants to them, to the point where in this last visit we were \n almost considered more one of their group than as a separate entity, \n which was kind of neat. The things I saw from everybody in NASA and \n USA was enthusiasm, expertise, positive attitude, and great great \n teamwork. The first thing we noticed is how well they worked as a \n team. \n Many times we didn’t know that these guys had never worked together \n before, and yet it was a seamless effort. You got to talking to them, \n you got to know them, and you realized, this guy never worked on the \n back end of the aircraft. He always worked on the front and didn’t \n even know the guys that they were working with. That was inspiring \n to us to see that kind of effort that they used to put in.\n Some of my recollection of my efforts with NASA and USA get a little \n bit confused, because some of their efforts were during that nine-month \n period when we worked on preparing Enterprise for the opening of the \n space hangar, but several of them came later. They would ask Anne \n or myself or others from the previous team to come back and assist \n them. I believe that the windshield effort was made during that nine \n months we were there, but our other efforts with them came later, \n so they’d be outside the parameters of my work on the Enterprise.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n I also read that you had to replace the OMS [orbital maneuvering system] \n pods because they had rotted.\n Mautner: \n Yes, we did. One of the first things we did was to remove those. Tony \n [Anthony W.] Carp was the team lead for the lifting of the OMS pods. \n They were a large aluminum plate that mated up to the surface of the \n Shuttle, but everything above that aluminum plate was basically wood. \n Plywood flooring, then 2 x 4 and 4 x 4 framework, and then they put \n a fiberglass cover over the top of that.\n We discovered how weak the structure was when we started to tighten \n up the fittings for the lifting rings. We’d gotten a guy inside \n to tighten the nuts up inside because they seemed loose, and he kept \n tightening and tightening and tightening. We suddenly realized that \n wood was so soft from moisture that he was just tightening the nut \n and the washer right into the wood. We had to be very, very careful \n lifting those OMS pods off.\n The OMS pods were never planned to be on the Shuttle when the space \n hall opened. That was something that we were going to install later, \n so our job now was to focus just on the Shuttle, and guys back in \n the shop worked on the OMS pods.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Are they on there now, have they been replaced?\n Mautner: \n They were put on I think in 2005, 2006 time range, and before the \n last visit to get Enterprise ready we removed them. They’re \n out in the shop, on the floor. The guys from USA put the ALTA [Approach \n and Landing Test Article] pods on. Those are the travel pods. They \n look like OMS pods, but they’re real metal. They’re real \n structural, flightworthy, and the tail cone fits up to those components.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Tell us about cleaning and painting the vehicle. That sounded like \n a very large chore.\n Mautner: \n Yes, it really was. I started on March 1st to clean the right main \n landing gear bay and ultimately the landing gear and tires. Steve \n Kautner took the left bay and did the same, and Anne McCombs worked \n on the nose gear and the nose gear bay. It wasn’t until March \n 22nd that Tony [Carp] came on the team, and his job was to clean the \n entire vertical surface with the ultimate purpose of coring or filling \n the holes that the woodpeckers had made.\n Somebody might at this point ask, why would woodpeckers go after polyurethane \n foam? The explanation we got—I’m not an ornithologist—is \n that woodpeckers make the noise they do as a mating call, not just \n to get to bugs inside of the tree. Once they got through that polyurethane \n foam, they were banging on an aluminum surface. It made quite a noise, \n and it was far-reaching. There were about 75 holes ranging from very \n small, smaller than your pinky, to much bigger than your thumb. \n We were using, on NASA’s recommendation, Amway LOC [liquid organic \n cleaner] cut, one part LOC to ten parts water, to wash everything. \n It’s a mild organic detergent, and it’s biodegradable. \n This was what USA used, so this was what we used. And this is where, \n in the wheel wells, I found most of the hornet nests. Once you got \n the water into them they just started running down the beautiful epoxy \n white paint panels inside.\n At that point, once Steve had finished his wheel well, he started \n working on the bottom. He started up at the nose where he could reach, \n because you couldn’t get a ladder under there. He’s all \n scrunched up, just scrubbing away—and he was a bear of a guy. \n He had a lot of strength, and he just kept working down the bottom \n of the aircraft, all of the black-painted area of the aircraft. \n At that point we started using some lift equipment, JLG [Industries, \n Inc.] lifts and scissor lifts, to get up on the wing. We began cleaning \n the wing while Tony is cleaning the vertical, and we did this day \n after day after day. Then sometime in the summer, I believe in July, \n we began prepping the center fuselage for paint. The center fuselage \n does not have polyurethane foam on it, and that center fuselage extends \n from just behind the cockpit to back underneath the OMS pods. We also \n had to clean the payload bay doors. At this point we finally were \n able to get scaffolding in. We had a local company contracted to put \n scaffolding all up the sides and then bridge the top of the Shuttle. \n \n This is where things kind of got interesting. Initially it was doing \n just a lot of sanding on the side. Apparently the aircraft had been \n painted with aerospace quality polyurethane or epoxy paint and primer, \n but when it went on tour in 1984 it had started to look a little bit \n secondhand. They used a latex house paint to give it a quick repaint \n to make it appear better at the [New Orleans, Louisiana] World’s \n Fair here in the United States, and then they went to the Paris Air \n Show with it. This was all prior to delivering it to us.\n This paint over the years had become very brittle and very hard and \n would be quite a challenge to remove. Taking it off the sides was \n pretty easy. We were able to use electric sanders or pneumatic sanding \n devices, hand-held devices, and literally sand all of that down to \n the original paint. The sanding gave the surface a real good surface \n for paint to adhere to once we finished it and cleaned it up, but \n the real challenge came with the payload bay doors. We were instructed \n by NASA to not use any metal tools, any caustic chemicals, or any \n abrasives to remove the paint.\n We got up there, and they thought it would be really easy because \n a lot of the paint on the payload bay doors had flaked off, and some \n of it was literally sitting up. They said, “Just use duct tape \n and press it down real hard and pull it off, and that paint will pull \n up.” Well, that didn’t work at all. \n All of our communications with them were through Valerie Neal, the \n curator. The other thing we weren’t supposed to use was heat, \n so we went to Valerie and said, “The duct tape just isn’t \n cutting it.” They said, “Use plexiglas scrapers.” \n Plexiglas is a real hard plastic. We would cut up sections of it, \n rectangles of it, and then make a sharp edge at one end with a grinding \n wheel. That wasn’t cutting it either.\n One day I’m sitting on the scaffolding, trying to get this stuff \n off, and I see to my left this movement from about chest height over \n the curvature of the door. I look over, and it’s Steve Kautner \n with a metal scraper and a heat gun. I’m going, “Steve, \n what are you doing?” He goes, “This is the only way it’s \n coming off.” I said, “Okay, stop. Let’s talk about \n this.” \n We went back to our conservator, and I asked him, “Do you have \n a surface temperature gauge?” We went back and attached this \n temperature surface gauge to the area that we were putting the heat \n on, and we got some heat parameters. We were getting heat in the range \n of about 175 degrees [Fahrenheit] if we kept the heat gun moving, \n so we went back to NASA and they said, “Okay, you can do that, \n but no temperatures over 200,” or 250.\n All of a sudden this became easy, but we now found out very quickly \n why they didn’t want heat up there. The doors are made of carbon \n graphite, or carbon–carbon. It’s skinned with an almost \n aluminum-foil thickness coating of aluminum. It’s not like sheet \n metal, it’s more like a foil, and if you left the heat on there \n too much it would blister. We got a couple of thumb-sized blisters; \n we damaged the door. This concerned us, and we kept talking to each \n other. We’d just make sure we’d keep that heat gun moving \n and don’t overheat one spot.\n It became very evident very quickly why they didn’t want heat \n up there. They had done the same thing at some time in the past, only \n their blisters were much bigger than ours. That told us a) it’s \n been done this way before, and b) there’s a repair for it. We \n did make a few more blisters, an inevitable result of what we were \n doing, but we knew that if they needed those doors, they could be \n made flightworthy. \n Then, because there was still a lot of paint residue clinging to the \n surface, we got down and used acetone. We were all garbed up with \n double-canister air masks. There’s terrific pictures of us all \n down on our hands and knees on the door, all tied off because we’re \n high up on the top of the Shuttle, scrubbing with Scotch-Brite scrubbers \n and acetone to get the surface completely clean and ready for paint.\n That was another thing they told us, “You can’t stand \n on the doors.” So we had these four bridges across, and we’re \n all leaning off these bridges and working off of them. Again, Steve \n Kautner’s the first one to step off right on the doors. There’s \n no other way to get out there, there was no way. I said, “Okay, \n stop. Let’s talk this over.” We went down inside the Shuttle, \n and we looked up at the doors and we could see the latching system. \n \n We knew that those doors in zero gravity could open without any support, \n but we knew that they had big supports on them when they opened them \n in the hangar down in KSC. We looked at those supports, and we looked \n at how the doors fit together. It’s built like a bridge as long \n as they’re closed and locked, so four, five, six of us all were \n out on our hands and knees on the doors, scrubbing away to get the \n last residue and make a really good surface for paint.\n That brings up another aspect for me. I couldn’t wait every \n single day to come in. I’m not a space guy, I’m an airplane \n guy. In truth, the Shuttle is probably more like an aircraft than \n a spacecraft, and that one [Enterprise] never did go into space so \n it really was just an aircraft. I never followed space, I never got \n excited about it, but I got excited by this project. I couldn’t \n wait to get in every single day. Every day was interesting and exciting, \n and we were making progress—slow—but we were making progress. \n \n When they put the scaffolding up in July, we now had to climb this \n scaffolding. We had our harnesses on and we had our tethers, but we \n couldn’t tether off anywhere on the way up. We’re climbing \n 30, 35, almost 40 feet in the air every morning, every break time, \n every time you had to leave, and then when we got up there we would \n tie off and secure ourselves. But that little element of danger made \n it exciting, and we talked about that a lot too.\n We had two injuries, but only one on Enterprise. One of our guys did \n abrade his hand, but working on something else while we were out there, \n nothing to do with the Shuttle. One injury, very minor, on the Shuttle. \n One of our members fell off the payload bay doors, but he was tethered \n and it stopped him, and all he did was bang up his knee. I think we \n lost him one day, but that was it. The fact that we talked almost \n every day about the safety issue, that he was tethered off—we \n didn’t have more issues. \n The other thing that made it interesting and fun is that we were on \n this huge, very obvious artifact in the middle of this totally empty \n hall, and the public could come in to the front of the hall—there’s \n an overlook up above—and watch us. I think the element of being \n on stage made it exciting and interesting, too.\n There were some stresses. We always seemed short of personnel. At \n one point I realized there were a whole bunch of guys working on the \n OMS pods, and I had to convince my management that the OMS pods aren’t \n needed by October 19th, but the Shuttle is, so can I have more guys? \n And I got more guys.\n Once we had sanded down the sides and had removed the paint from the \n doors, it was time for a final prep and primer and paint. We had four \n guys do that, and we had a couple of issues that we had to deal with. \n One, it had to be an aerospace quality paint. PPG, Pittsburgh Paint \n and Glass, has always supplied us with our paint system that we’ve \n used exclusively for 20 years back at the [Paul E.] Garber [Preservation, \n Restoration, and Storage Facility, Suitland, Maryland], our restoration \n shop. Dave Wilson got in touch with them, and they turned him over \n to their aerospace division. They donated what amounted to about $15,000 \n worth of white polyurethane aerospace paint and primer.\n Our next challenge was we could not spray in the building because \n the building had an open port, and some of the ventilation systems \n functioned with the aircraft hangar. Also, the filters in the ventilation \n system would get clogged up with any paint residue and dust, so we \n had to either brush or roll it. Dave talked with the people from PPG, \n and they had an additive that allowed the paint to flow so that it \n would not appear to be rolled-out paint. It wouldn’t be textured, \n it would be nice and smooth.\n We got the paint on September 17th—keeping in mind that this \n hall is supposed to open on October 19th of 2004. They had to rest \n assured that all the fumes would have dissipated by 10 o’clock \n opening the next day, so we painted at night. It was Tony, Dave, myself, \n and a fellow by the name of Bob Weihrauch who did it. We would come \n in, and that hall was completely black except for the Klieg lights \n that we worked under. We rolled out the primer, and then we rolled \n out the white. [We rolled out two coats of primer and two coats of \n white.]\n I love working here at night because there’s no people here, \n the lighting is all dim, and it’s like going into a great cathedral \n at night when nobody’s around. It’s just beautiful. It’s \n quiet. You’ve got all these objects that you love, many of which \n you’ve worked on, and there’s just a neat thing about \n working here at night. We had a really good time. We had a really \n good crew. I don’t recollect ever having any arguments or disagreements \n or problems, we just really had a good time.\n One outstanding recollection is this facility is used by organizations—police \n organizations, FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation], the MWAA, Metropolitan \n Washington Airport Authority. They have their own SWAT [special weapons \n and tactics] team and security forces. They do a lot of work in here \n at night, but we didn’t know that. One night three of us are \n up on this scaffolding, and Dave Wilson is on a scissor lift bringing \n paint up to us, and all the sudden there’s movement in the hangar. \n \n Keep in mind that outside of this cone of light that we’re in, \n everything’s dark out there, but there’s movement. We \n look down, and there’s 20 or 30 guys in black helmets, black \n outfits carrying guns, and they’re swarming like ants through \n our hangar. Well, I immediately was not concerned because none of \n them are looking at us or pointing the gun at us. We’re in white \n bunny suits, paper coveralls, and the Klieg lights are on us. We’re \n out there, very obvious.\n One guy kind of moved up to Dave, and he goes, “Have you seen \n her?” And Dave goes, “Seen who?” He goes, “Have \n you seen her?” and then he had to move, because you’re \n not supposed to look for hints. Apparently they were on an exercise, \n and one of their supervisors came in two hours ahead of time and hid \n herself somewhere in the museum, and they had to find her. Nobody \n told us; our security had not advised us that this was going to happen. \n \n Another time, during the day, I was working on the Shuttle and nobody \n else was around. Security came up to me and said, “We have a \n congressman or a senator here with his daughter back from college, \n and he’s got his office manager and his security detail. Would \n you come down and talk to them?” So I walk inside of this circle \n of Secret Service people, and they’ve got their radios and they \n all look very, very official, and I started to talk to them. I said, \n “What state do you represent, sir?” He goes, “Oh, \n one of your neighbors.” Meanwhile, his handler, his office guy, \n did all the talking. \n I went back that night and I looked all over the Internet for our \n neighboring senators and congressmen, and I did not find him—because \n you can get the photos of all of them. I went back to security the \n next day and I said, “What was that all about?” He says, \n “Oh, it’s just a test.” It was Secret Service in \n a practice run, and these guys were just members of the Secret Service \n that were playing a role to make it seem realistic. There are a lot \n of activities that go on here that are very interesting. But again, \n I was not forewarned of that. \n The other two events that were really interesting—Joe [H.] Engle, \n one of the test pilots for Enterprise, came back and spent a day with \n us. He is just a prince of a guy, just a super guy. We got to tour \n him around and show him what we were doing, and he was just the friendliest \n guy and was very very grateful to us restoring “his” bird \n back to its original condition. A couple weeks later, we all got an \n 8 x 10 of him standing by Enterprise out at Palmdale [California] \n back in’77, ’78, with a beautiful handwritten note and \n one of the original patches from his missions. It was just neat, a \n neat thing. \n The other very very interesting visitor to us was Colonel Pamela Ann \n Melroy. She’s a two mission pilot and one mission command pilot \n [commander]. She was also on the Columbia [STS-107 accident] investigation \n team, and she led the cockpit reconstruction area. My recollection, \n she was about five-foot-five, five-foot-six. I immediately made a \n connection, because she was a test pilot on the C-17 program. As I \n had worked on it, we had some things to talk about. \n I got to tour her around, and the thing I recollect so well is that \n she made a comment when we were in the cockpit. The cockpit of Enterprise \n is for the most part empty. The dashboard is there, but there’s \n only about three instruments, and they’re all old analog instruments. \n The seats are not there. She looked at that dashboard and marveled \n at the fact that it was the first time she’d seen one in a long \n time that wasn’t bits and pieces, because she had been looking \n and reviewing and trying to reassemble pieces of Columbia’s \n instrument panel.\n This diminutive colonel in the Air Force—always at the end the \n photographer comes in and takes a picture of us with the VIP [very \n important person]. Anne and I were there at that time, and we’re \n all standing off to the side, a foot away or something. She says, \n “Hey, we’ve been together all day. Come here!” She \n pulled us in right next to her to take the picture. We also got an \n 8x10 from her, signed, with a thank you and mission patches. Those \n are two of my favorite treasures from that whole time there. \n Ross-Nazzal: \n Nice recollections of that time period. \n Mautner: \n Yes, it really was. We got it done. Everything seemed late—getting \n personnel, the scaffolding came late, the paint came late—but \n we got it done. We got it done on October 18th, and October 19th was \n the day the media and the museum VIPs and everybody showed up to see \n it. It was a moment of pride because it really looked good. \n Tony and I stayed after October 19th. Tony had some more work up on \n the vertical to do, and the one area that we hadn’t really addressed \n was the propulsion bay. I would work in the propulsion bay; he’d \n work up top. We did this at night because the gallery was open to \n the public, so we did a lot of night work from October until we went \n away on Christmas vacation.\n Most of cleanup in the propulsion bay—there was some FOD [Foreign \n Object Debris], there was old hardware. It went back to when it was \n delivered to us. There were some sections of insulating aluminum, \n nuts, bolts, washers, things like that. A lot of water had been back \n there, and the floor panel structure was a huge, thick piece of aluminum \n that they had milled out to look almost like a waffle. The floor looked \n like a large waffle pattern, so there’s all these thousands \n of little pockets that had held water, and I had to clean them.\n We had some nights where we had events, and the events usually allowed \n people to roam into the space hangar, so I would take my knapsack \n and my coffee and my lunch, my snacks, up into the propulsion bay. \n Something you don’t normally do around artifacts, but I didn’t \n think I could come out because of the events they had going on. I’d \n stay up there for eight hours. Well, there’d be a potty break.\n We finished before our Christmas break, and then both of us reported \n back to the Garber Facility the first week in January 2005. It was \n rewarding every day, but they also rewarded our team with the Museum’s \n Peer Award. The [museum] gives two Peer Awards every year, and the \n Enterprise Preservation Team was awarded [one of them] for 2004. It \n was a great experience.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n What are you working on now that Enterprise is getting ready to take \n a new journey in its history to go to the Intrepid [Sea, Air & \n Space Museum in New York City]? Are you working on that?\n Mautner: \n I did work on it. I don’t know what my role will be in April \n when they come back, but the whole month of February I was assigned \n out here, along with Anne and one or two other folks, to escort NASA, \n USA, and some folks from [the] Boeing [Company]. “Escort” \n has a kind of static sound to it. We were essentially here to open \n doors that they couldn’t get into, including getting to the \n restrooms, and we were able to get them discounts in our shop and \n at McDonalds. \n And then pretty soon it was, “Oh my gosh. We don’t have \n this; do you have this tool?” So we’re running for tools. \n Later, as our professional relationship evolved, we were forklifting \n equipment for them. They had forklifts, but we were able to help them \n with that. We had a JLG man lift that we were able to take them and \n some of their equipment up to different places on the Shuttle, and \n also on the tail cone, which they assembled right out here in this \n shop. As to my role when they come back on the 19th, I have not been \n told what that is yet. I hope [I] do, I have some friends I’d \n like to hang out with again.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Are you preparing in any way to accept [OV-103] Discovery, or are \n you primarily working with the Enterprise?\n Mautner: \n I’m not. My responsibility is to work on this German night fighter. \n We still have a wing to complete. The airframe fuselage is out in \n the museum right here now, but the wing has to be done and a lot of \n other details. Between escort duties and whatnot, I’m working \n on that. We’re told that with everything else that’s going \n on, we’re going to be moving our shop from Maryland out here. \n I don’t know how that’s going to work out with the Discovery–Enterprise \n exchange, that’s yet to be determined.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n It must have been rewarding to receive that from your peers, that’s \n wonderful.\n Mautner: \n Very, yes. I think Valerie Neal, former NASA and our curator, was \n probably instrumental in getting that for us. It was pretty neat.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Rebecca, did you have any questions for Ed?\n Wright: \n Just one, and I think you might have already answered it. Did you \n ever come back and do anything else with Enterprise?\n Mautner: \n I have once or twice, but it was generally just escort duty. Those \n were times where it was just sit around and wait for whatever the \n folks, predominately USA, needed. I did come back, and we did reinstall \n the OMS pods. That was pretty much the original team again that did \n that, and we brought a couple of other people in to assist because \n you need spotters and tag line holders. \n Wright: \n You mentioned that you would escort for whatever they needed. What \n were the types of things that they would be coming back for?\n Mautner: \n Every time USA came here, they had a lot of supplies. Rather than \n transport them back, they would leave them out and we would store \n them in our barn, which is out in the back corner of the property. \n So the first thing we’d have to do is get their supplies, and \n that ran anywhere from tape to paints to epoxy glues.\n Recently, within the past year, they came back and we took them up \n on a JLG man lift. They did the work, and I would just maneuver it \n around to a position that helped them. Like I said, “escort” \n sounds very static, and sometimes it is, but a lot of times there’s \n a dynamic component, which is the most fun of all. That’s how \n you get to know these guys and get to see what they do.\n Wright: \n Were they doing types of restoration themselves?\n Mautner: \n Yes, about last April they came back to begin the process of making \n Enterprise airworthy. That involved making an assessment of all systems, \n and they also did the [landing gear] retracts. The main job was to \n get the hydraulic system working so they could retract the landing \n gear. Part of our position as escort was to shut down areas of that \n hall to keep the public away, because the machine, what they call \n the mule, fires up the hydraulics system, makes a lot of noise. Also \n there’s part of the retract that there’s noise involved \n as well.\n We did a lot of work stanchioning off. Moving stanchions back, and \n then when it was all done, moving the stanchions closer. We were trying \n to do this juggle between making sure people were safe and USA had \n enough room to work in, and also still keeping the hall open to the \n public. Our whole purpose is to let them get as close to this stuff \n as we can.\n There were a couple of times where, yes, it was pretty static, but \n other times we were pretty involved in helping them. And everything \n back here is secured. You can’t get into the restrooms without \n our badge, so we were escorting to the restrooms. Eventually, and \n especially in this last trip in February where they did the final \n preparation for flight, the security office provided them with badges \n that allowed them to open all the things they had to get into. They \n had the same access employees had. \n I think that speaks of the type of relationship that we’ve always \n felt we had with NASA, that they weren’t an alien organization \n that comes in and invades our space but rather cohorts, colleagues \n that we feel—not exactly one with, our roles are different—but \n certainly very good friends with.\n Wright: \n Is this a very unique exhibit here compared to all the rest? Do you \n have any other kind of associations with other groups that come in \n and work on their planes?\n Mautner: \n No, there’s no other organization that has the relationship \n that NASA has with us. I think that’s historically because we’ve \n been the repository of first choice for NASA, but also because Valerie \n Neal, who came from NASA, has maintained a very, very good relationship \n with all the leadership there. It’s been a very collegial relationship \n from the very beginning. Because of that, your relationship personally \n to these people is much more relaxed, so it’s much much easier \n to make friends. I have a couple buddies that I email once in a while \n back at the Cape [Canaveral, Florida]. It’s a good relationship.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Any other last thoughts? \n Mautner: \n I think I’ve covered the important aspects of my relationship \n with the Shuttle Enterprise and with the folks from NASA and USA. \n We had a good team. I think it was kind of neat because management \n left us alone; they left us to make a lot of our own decisions. Everybody \n worked with the goal in mind, and we reached the goal. We finished \n Enterprise, it really looks beautiful. It took us nine months to get \n it in the shape that it’s in right now, and I have to say I \n am quite proud of how it came out. \n I do recollect one of the stories that I’ll tell you. When we \n began to strip all the paint off, we traced all of the markings—the \n NASA worm, the “United States” on the side, the “Enterprise” \n itself—so that after we painted it we could restore those. We \n noted and photographed the fact that these had been hand-brushed. \n Somebody had done a stencil, and then they hand-brushed in the black \n color. As we began to strip the aircraft, we realized that there were \n other markings, other NASA worms and another “Enterprise” \n and another “United States” underneath that exterior coat \n of latex house paint. \n We traced those as well, and at that point the curator had to make \n a decision. Are we going to restore it to when it was originally painted \n and lettered, or are we going to paint it as it was presented to us \n in 1985? The decision was made to paint it as it was delivered to \n us. Those letters were all in black, and the letters we found underneath \n were in lighter shades of dark gray. \n At the time that we traced them back on the aircraft, the question \n was asked, “Well, who feels comfortable painting them back on?” \n I mean, none of us are professional sign painters. Out of the five \n of us there, four chose to do it. So what you’ll see out there \n is our hand-lettered letters, and they are letter perfect. They came \n out really, really well. Three employees and one volunteer painted \n them all in. That too raised our level of pride and involvement and \n attachment to the Enterprise. \n I have mixed feelings about it going. On the one hand, it’s \n very important for us to have an orbiter, and Discovery is a much \n more significant vehicle to have in our collection, so I’m happy \n about that. On the other hand, all of our handwork is being sent off \n to somebody else. I’m not going to lose sleep over it, but I \n will think, how are they taking care of it? Is that beautiful paint \n job still squeaky clean and nice, and are all those tiles in good \n condition? So yes, I am concerned to some degree at it going off to \n other hands.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Any plans to go to New York and see her once she’s in her permanent \n location?\n Mautner: \n No plans at this time, no.\n Wright: \n And will you be working on Discovery when it comes?\n Mautner: \n We’re not going to touch Discovery. This is another aspect that’s \n pretty neat about getting Discovery. The ideal airplane or spacecraft \n to get into our collection is the one that just went on its last mission. \n If we could get a Boeing B-17 [aircraft] that flew a mission from \n England in August or September of 1944, and then was transferred right \n back into our hall out front, that’s the idea. You don’t \n want to touch it. You want to mount it in such fashion that you preserve \n the tires and take any other stresses out of it, but it would be great \n if it had the gunpowder stains and the engine stains and the oil stains \n and the rough-hewn patches that the mechanics put on the planes back \n in those days. \n And that’s how Discovery is coming to us. They haven’t \n cleaned it, outside of taking out the toxic materials in all the tanks \n and systems, so it’s not going to look like Enterprise at all. \n In fact, one of the people from NASA commented that Enterprise looked \n like a toy. I think what she meant was it looked like a model, and \n Discovery looks like a real orbiter. So we’re happy about that.\n Wright: \n Well, thank you.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Thank you for spending some time with us this morning. We appreciate \n it.\n Mautner: \n You’re very welcome. It’s my pleasure to do it.\n [End \n of interview]\n \n \n Return \n to JSC Oral History Website"],["topImageUrl","https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/head_images/sc.gif"],["error",null]]}]}],["text","美國太空總署員工表示，\n他們是使用太空總署建議的\n【安麗 LOC】以「1:10」濃度\n拿來清洗太空梭及所有東西。\n\n這就是表示該產品是【極度安全】的！\n\n這樣，還有什麼安麗產品是需要擔心呢？\n\n\nhttp://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/NASA_HQ/Experts/MautnerEM/MautnerEM_3-22-12.htm"],["id","5484461227031-rumor"],["createdAt","2017-01-11T01:17:00.000Z"]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",1],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","j4S8C_n1X_AVJRpVDJaAWXXARts8Z96DWjC7LTqy8kpttWQvw"],["name","☞健談的坪林韋納爾☜"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",0]]}],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China"],["url","https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30183-5/fulltext"],["summary","SummaryBackgroundA recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients.MethodsAll patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not.FindingsBy Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα.InterpretationThe 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies.FundingMinistry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.IntroductionCoronaviruses are enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the family Coronaviridae and the order Nidovirales and broadly distributed in humans and other mammals.1Richman DD Whitley RJ Hayden FG Although most human coronavirus infections are mild, the epidemics of the two betacoronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)2Ksiazek TG Erdman D Goldsmith CS et al.A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome., 3Kuiken T Fouchier RAM Schutten M et al.Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome., 4Drosten C Günther S Preiser W et al.Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV),5de Groot RJ Baker SC Baric RS et al.Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group., 6Zaki AM van Boheemen S Bestebroer TM Osterhaus ADME Fouchier RAM Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. have caused more than 10 000 cumulative cases in the past two decades, with mortality rates of 10% for SARS-CoV and 37% for MERS-CoV.7WHOSummary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003., 8WHOMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The coronaviruses already identified might only be the tip of the iceberg, with potentially more novel and severe zoonotic events to be revealed.In December, 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China, with clinical presentations greatly resembling viral pneumonia.9WHONovel coronavirus – China. Deep sequencing analysis from lower respiratory tract samples indicated a novel coronavirus, which was named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Thus far, more than 800 confirmed cases, including in health-care workers, have been identified in Wuhan, and several exported cases have been confirmed in other provinces in China, and in Thailand, Japan, South Korea, and the USA.10WHONovel coronavirus – Thailand (ex-China)., 11WHONovel coronavirus – Japan (ex-China)., 12WHONovel coronavirus – Republic of Korea (ex-China)., 13CDCFirst travel-related case of 2019 novel coronavirus detected in United States.We aim to describe epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients confirmed to have 2019-nCoV infection, and to compare the clinical features between intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients. We hope our study findings will inform the global community of the emergence of this novel coronavirus and its clinical features.Methods PatientsFollowing the pneumonia cases of unknown cause reported in Wuhan and considering the shared history of exposure to Huanan seafood market across the patients, an epidemiological alert was released by the local health authority on Dec 31, 2019, and the market was shut down on Jan 1, 2020. Meanwhile, 59 suspected cases with fever and dry cough were transferred to a designated hospital starting from Dec 31, 2019. An expert team of physicians, epidemiologists, virologists, and government officials was soon formed after the alert.Since the cause was unknown at the onset of these emerging infections, the diagnosis of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan was based on clinical characteristics, chest imaging, and the ruling out of common bacterial and viral pathogens that cause pneumonia. Suspected patients were isolated using airborne precautions in the designated hospital, Jin Yin-tan Hospital (Wuhan, China), and fit-tested N95 masks and airborne precautions for aerosol-generating procedures were taken. This study was approved by the National Health Commission of China and Ethics Commission of Jin Yin-tan Hospital (KY-2020-01.01). Written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Commission of the designated hospital for emerging infectious diseases. ProceduresLocal centres for disease control and prevention collected respiratory, blood, and faeces specimens, then shipped them to designated authoritative laboratories to detect the pathogen (NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Beijing, China). A novel coronavirus, which was named 2019-nCoV, was isolated then from lower respiratory tract specimen and a diagnostic test for this virus was developed soon after that.14Tan W Zhao X Ma X et al.A novel coronavirus genome identified in a cluster of pneumonia cases — Wuhan, China 2019−2020. Of 59 suspected cases, 41 patients were confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV. The presence of 2019-nCoV in respiratory specimens was detected by next-generation sequencing or real-time RT-PCR methods. The primers and probe target to envelope gene of CoV were used and the sequences were as follows: forward primer 5′-TCAGAATGCCAATCTCCCCAAC-3′; reverse primer 5′-AAAGGTCCACCCGATACATTGA-3′; and the probe 5′CY5-CTAGTTACACTAGCCATCCTTACTGC-3′BHQ1. Conditions for the amplifications were 50°C for 15 min, 95°C for 3 min, followed by 45 cycles of 95°C for 15 s and 60°C for 30 s.Initial investigations included a complete blood count, coagulation profile, and serum biochemical test (including renal and liver function, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and electrolytes). Respiratory specimens, including nasal and pharyngeal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, or bronchial aspirates were tested for common viruses, including influenza, avian influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using real-time RT-PCR assays approved by the China Food and Drug Administration. Routine bacterial and fungal examinations were also performed.Given the emergence of the 2019-nCoV pneumonia cases during the influenza season, antibiotics (oral and intravenous) and oseltamivir (orally 75 mg twice daily) were empirically administered. Corticosteroid therapy (methylprednisolone 40–120 mg per day) was given as a combined regimen if severe community-acquired pneumonia was diagnosed by physicians at the designated hospital. Oxygen support (eg, nasal cannula and invasive mechanical ventilation) was administered to patients according to the severity of hypoxaemia. Repeated tests for 2019-nCoV were done in patients confirmed to have 2019-nCoV infection to show viral clearance before hospital discharge or discontinuation of isolation. Data collectionWe reviewed clinical charts, nursing records, laboratory findings, and chest x-rays for all patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection who were reported by the local health authority. The admission data of these patients was from Dec 16, 2019, to Jan 2, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and outcomes data were obtained with standardised data collection forms (modified case record form for severe acute respiratory infection clinical characterisation shared by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium) from electronic medical records. Two researchers also independently reviewed the data collection forms to double check the data collected. To ascertain the epidemiological and symptom data, which were not available from electronic medical records, the researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Cytokine and chemokine measurementTo characterise the effect of coronavirus on the production of cytokines or chemokines in the acute phase of the illness, plasma cytokines and chemokines (IL1B, IL1RA, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL8 (also known as CXCL8), IL9, IL10, IL12p70, IL13, IL15, IL17A, Eotaxin (also known as CCL11), basic FGF2, GCSF (CSF3), GMCSF (CSF2), IFNγ, IP10 (CXCL10), MCP1 (CCL2), MIP1A (CCL3), MIP1B (CCL4), PDGFB, RANTES (CCL5), TNFα, and VEGFA were measured using Human Cytokine Standard 27-Plex Assays panel and the Bio-Plex 200 system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) for all patients according to the manufacturer's instructions. The plasma samples from four healthy adults were used as controls for cross-comparison. The median time from being transferred to a designated hospital to the blood sample collection was 4 days (IQR 2–5). Detection of coronavirus in plasmaEach 80 μL plasma sample from the patients and contacts was added into 240 μL of Trizol LS (10296028; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA) in the Biosafety Level 3 laboratory. Total RNA was extracted by Direct-zol RNA Miniprep kit (R2050; Zymo research, Irvine, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions and 50 μL elution was obtained for each sample. 5 μL RNA was used for real-time RT-PCR, which targeted the NP gene using AgPath-ID One-Step RT-PCR Reagent (AM1005; Thermo Fisher Scientific). The final reaction mix concentration of the primers was 500 nM and probe was 200 nM. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using the following conditions: 50°C for 15 min and 95°C for 3 min, 50 cycles of amplification at 95°C for 10 s and 60°C for 45 s. Since we did not perform tests for detecting infectious virus in blood, we avoided the term viraemia and used RNAaemia instead. RNAaemia was defined as a positive result for real-time RT-PCR in the plasma sample. DefinitionsAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and shock were defined according to the interim guidance of WHO for novel coronavirus.9WHONovel coronavirus – China. Hypoxaemia was defined as arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) over inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO2) of less than 300 mm Hg.15Sanz F Gimeno C Lloret T et al.Relationship between the presence of hypoxemia and the inflammatory response measured by C-reactive protein in bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Acute kidney injury was identified and classified on the basis of the highest serum creatinine level or urine output criteria according to the kidney disease improving global outcomes classification.16Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work groupKDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Secondary infection was diagnosed if the patients had clinical symptoms or signs of nosocomial pneumonia or bacteraemia, and was combined with a positive culture of a new pathogen from a lower respiratory tract specimen (including the sputum, transtracheal aspirates, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or from blood samples taken ≥48 h after admission).17Garner JS Jarvis WR Emori TG Horan TC Hughes JM CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Cardiac injury followed the definition used in our previous study in H7N9 patients.18Gao C Wang Y Gu X et al.Association between cardiac injury and mortality in hospitalized patients infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. In brief, cardiac injury was diagnosed if serum levels of cardiac biomarkers (eg, troponin I) were above the 99th percentile upper reference limit, or new abnormalities were shown in electrocardiography and echocardiography. Statistical analysisContinuous variables were expressed as median (IQR) and compared with the Mann-Whitney U test; categorical variables were expressed as number (%) and compared by χ2 test or Fisher's exact test between ICU care and no ICU care groups. Boxplots were drawn to describe plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations.A two-sided α of less than 0·05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were done using the SAS software, version 9.4, unless otherwise indicated. Role of the funding sourceThe funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.ResultsBy Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients were identified as laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan. 20 [49%]) of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients were aged 25–49 years, and 14 (34%) were aged 50–64 years (figure 1A). The median age of the patients was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0; table 1). In our cohort of the first 41 patients as of Jan 2, no children or adolescents were infected. Of the 41 patients, 13 (32%) were admitted to the ICU because they required high-flow nasal cannula or higher-level oxygen support measures to correct hypoxaemia. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%]); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]).Table 1Demographics and baseline characteristics of patients infected with 2019-nCoVData are median (IQR), n (%), or n/N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data. p values comparing ICU care and no ICU care are from χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test. 2019-nCoV=2019 novel coronavirus. ICU=intensive care unit.\n Open table in a new tab\n 27 (66%) patients had direct exposure to Huanan seafood market (figure 1B). Market exposure was similar between the patients with ICU care (nine [69%]) and those with non-ICU care (18 [64%]). The symptom onset date of the first patient identified was Dec 1, 2019. None of his family members developed fever or any respiratory symptoms. No epidemiological link was found between the first patient and later cases. The first fatal case, who had continuous exposure to the market, was admitted to hospital because of a 7-day history of fever, cough, and dyspnoea. 5 days after illness onset, his wife, a 53-year-old woman who had no known history of exposure to the market, also presented with pneumonia and was hospitalised in the isolation ward.The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38; table 1). More than half of patients (22 [55%] of 40) developed dyspnoea. The median duration from illness onset to dyspnoea was 8·0 days (IQR 5·0–13·0). The median time from onset of symptoms to first hospital admission was 7·0 days (4·0–8·0), to shortness of breath was 8·0 days (5·0–13·0), to ARDS was 9·0 days (8·0–14·0), to mechanical ventilation was 10·5 days (7·0–14·0), and to ICU admission was 10·5 days (8·0–17·0; figure 2).The blood counts of patients on admission showed leucopenia (white blood cell count less than 4 × 109/L; ten [25%] of 40 patients) and lymphopenia (lymphocyte count <1·0 × 109/L; 26 [63%] patients; table 2). Prothrombin time and D-dimer level on admission were higher in ICU patients (median prothrombin time 12·2 s [IQR 11·2–13·4]; median D-dimer level 2·4 mg/L [0·6–14·4]) than non-ICU patients (median prothrombin time 10·7 s [9·8–12·1], p=0·012; median D-dimer level 0·5 mg/L [0·3–0·8], p=0·0042). Levels of aspartate aminotransferase were increased in 15 (37%) of 41 patients, including eight (62%) of 13 ICU patients and seven (25%) of 28 non-ICU patients. Hypersensitive troponin I (hs-cTnI) was increased substantially in five patients, in whom the diagnosis of virus-related cardiac injury was made.Table 2Laboratory findings of patients infected with 2019-nCoV on admission to hospitalData are median (IQR) or n/N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data. p values comparing ICU care and no ICU care are from χ2, Fisher's exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test. 2019-nCoV=2019 novel coronavirus. ICU=intensive care unit.\n Open table in a new tab\n Most patients had normal serum levels of procalcitonin on admission (procalcitonin <0·1 ng/mL; 27 [69%] patients; table 2). Four ICU patients developed secondary infections. Three of the four patients with secondary infection had procalcitonin greater than 0·5 ng/mL (0·69 ng/mL, 1·46 ng/mL, and 6·48 ng/mL).On admission, abnormalities in chest CT images were detected among all patients. Of the 41 patients, 40 (98%) had bilateral involvement (table 2). The typical findings of chest CT images of ICU patients on admission were bilateral multiple lobular and subsegmental areas of consolidation (figure 3A). The representative chest CT findings of non-ICU patients showed bilateral ground-glass opacity and subsegmental areas of consolidation (figure 3B). Later chest CT images showed bilateral ground-glass opacity, whereas the consolidation had been resolved (figure 3C).Initial plasma IL1B, IL1RA, IL7, IL8, IL9, IL10, basic FGF, GCSF, GMCSF, IFNγ, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, MIP1B, PDGF, TNFα, and VEGF concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults (appendix pp 6–7). Plasma levels of IL5, IL12p70, IL15, Eotaxin, and RANTES were similar between healthy adults and patients infected with 2019-nCoV. Further comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients.All patients had pneumonia. Common complications included ARDS (12 [29%] of 41 patients), followed by RNAaemia (six [15%] patients), acute cardiac injury (five [12%] patients), and secondary infection (four [10%] patients; table 3). Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in four (10%) patients, with two of them (5%) had refractory hypoxaemia and received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as salvage therapy. All patients were administered with empirical antibiotic treatment, and 38 (93%) patients received antiviral therapy (oseltamivir). Additionally, nine (22%) patients were given systematic corticosteroids. A comparison of clinical features between patients who received and did not receive systematic corticosteroids is in the appendix (pp 1–5).Table 3Treatments and outcomes of patients infected with 2019-nCoVData are median (IQR) or n (%). p values are comparing ICU care and no ICU care. 2019-nCoV=2019 novel coronavirus. ICU=intensive care unit. NA=not applicable. ECMO=extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.\n Open table in a new tab\n As of Jan 22, 2020, 28 (68%) of 41 patients have been discharged and six (15%) patients have died. Fitness for discharge was based on abatement of fever for at least 10 days, with improvement of chest radiographic evidence and viral clearance in respiratory samples from upper respiratory tract.DiscussionWe report here a cohort of 41 patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Patients had serious, sometimes fatal, pneumonia and were admitted to the designated hospital in Wuhan, China, by Jan 2, 2020. Clinical presentations greatly resemble SARS-CoV. Patients with severe illness developed ARDS and required ICU admission and oxygen therapy. The time between hospital admission and ARDS was as short as 2 days. At this stage, the mortality rate is high for 2019-nCoV, because six (15%) of 41 patients in this cohort died.The number of deaths is rising quickly. As of Jan 24, 2020, 835 laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infections were reported in China, with 25 fatal cases. Reports have been released of exported cases in many provinces in China, and in other countries; some health-care workers have also been infected in Wuhan. Taken together, evidence so far indicates human transmission for 2019-nCoV. We are concerned that 2019-nCoV could have acquired the ability for efficient human transmission.19Perlman S Netland J Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis. Airborne precautions, such as a fit-tested N95 respirator, and other personal protective equipment are strongly recommended. To prevent further spread of the disease in health-care settings that are caring for patients infected with 2019-nCoV, onset of fever and respiratory symptoms should be closely monitored among health-care workers. Testing of respiratory specimens should be done immediately once a diagnosis is suspected. Serum antibodies should be tested among health-care workers before and after their exposure to 2019-nCoV for identification of asymptomatic infections.Similarities of clinical features between 2019-nCoV and previous betacoronavirus infections have been noted. In this cohort, most patients presented with fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, and bilateral ground-glass opacities on chest CT scans. These features of 2019-nCoV infection bear some resemblance to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections.20Lee N Hui D Wu A et al.A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong., 21Assiri A Al-Tawfiq JA Al-Rabeeah AA et al.Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. However, few patients with 2019-nCoV infection had prominent upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms (eg, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, or sore throat), indicating that the target cells might be located in the lower airway. Furthermore, 2019-nCoV patients rarely developed intestinal signs and symptoms (eg, diarrhoea), whereas about 20–25% of patients with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV infection had diarrhoea.21Assiri A Al-Tawfiq JA Al-Rabeeah AA et al.Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. Faecal and urine samples should be tested to exclude a potential alternative route of transmission that is unknown at this stage.The pathophysiology of unusually high pathogenicity for SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV has not been completely understood. Early studies have shown that increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in serum (eg, IL1B, IL6, IL12, IFNγ, IP10, and MCP1) were associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage in SARS patients.22Wong CK Lam CWK Wu AKL et al.Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome. MERS-CoV infection was also reported to induce increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL15, and IL17).23Mahallawi WH Khabour OF Zhang Q Makhdoum HM Suliman BA MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile. We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFNγ, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Moreover, patients requiring ICU admission had higher concentrations of GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα than did those not requiring ICU admission, suggesting that the cytokine storm was associated with disease severity. However, 2019-nCoV infection also initiated increased secretion of T-helper-2 (Th2) cytokines (eg, IL4 and IL10) that suppress inflammation, which differs from SARS-CoV infection.22Wong CK Lam CWK Wu AKL et al.Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Further studies are necessary to characterise the Th1 and Th2 responses in 2019-nCoV infection and to elucidate the pathogenesis. Autopsy or biopsy studies would be the key to understand the disease.In view of the high amount of cytokines induced by SARS-CoV,22Wong CK Lam CWK Wu AKL et al.Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome., 24He L Ding Y Zhang Q et al.Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS. MERS-CoV,25Faure E Poissy J Goffard A et al.Distinct immune response in two MERS-CoV-infected patients: can we go from bench to bedside?., 26Falzarano D de Wit E Rasmussen AL et al.Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques. and 2019-nCoV infections, corticosteroids were used frequently for treatment of patients with severe illness, for possible benefit by reducing inflammatory-induced lung injury. However, current evidence in patients with SARS and MERS suggests that receiving corticosteroids did not have an effect on mortality, but rather delayed viral clearance.27Stockman LJ Bellamy R Garner P SARS: systematic review of treatment effects., 28Lansbury L Rodrigo C Leonardi-Bee J Nguyen-Van-Tam J Lim WS Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza., 29Arabi YM Mandourah Y Al-Hameed F et al.Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome. Therefore, corticosteroids should not be routinely given systemically, according to WHO interim guidance.30WHOClinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. Among our cohort of 41 laboratory-confirmed patients with 2019-nCoV infection, corticosteroids were given to very few non-ICU cases, and low-to-moderate dose of corticosteroids were given to less than half of severely ill patients with ARDS. Further evidence is urgently needed to assess whether systematic corticosteroid treatment is beneficial or harmful for patients infected with 2019-nCoV.No antiviral treatment for coronavirus infection has been proven to be effective. In a historical control study,31Chu CM Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings. the combination of lopinavir and ritonavir among SARS-CoV patients was associated with substantial clinical benefit (fewer adverse clinical outcomes). Arabi and colleagues initiated a placebo-controlled trial of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir, and ritonavir among patients with MERS infection in Saudi Arabia.32Arabi YM Alothman A Balkhy HH et al.Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Preclinical evidence showed the potent efficacy of remdesivir (a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleotide prodrug) to treat MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infections.33Sheahan TP Sims AC Graham RL et al.Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses., 34Sheahan TP Sims AC Leist SR et al.Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. As 2019-nCoV is an emerging virus, an effective treatment has not been developed for disease resulting from this virus. Since the combination of lopinavir and ritonavir was already available in the designated hospital, a randomised controlled trial has been initiated quickly to assess the efficacy and safety of combined use of lopinavir and ritonavir in patients hospitalised with 2019-nCoV infection.Our study has some limitations. First, for most of the 41 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed with lower respiratory tract specimens and no paired nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained to investigate the difference in the viral RNA detection rate between upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. Serological detection was not done to look for 2019-nCoV antibody rises in 18 patients with undetectable viral RNA. Second, with the limited number of cases, it is difficult to assess host risk factors for disease severity and mortality with multivariable-adjusted methods. This is a modest-sized case series of patients admitted to hospital; collection of standardised data for a larger cohort would help to further define the clinical presentation, natural history, and risk factors. Further studies in outpatient, primary care, or community settings are needed to get a full picture of the spectrum of clinical severity. At the same time, finding of statistical tests and p values should be interpreted with caution, and non-significant p values do not necessarily rule out difference between ICU and non-ICU patients. Third, since the causative pathogen has just been identified, kinetics of viral load and antibody titres were not available. Finally, the potential exposure bias in our study might account for why no paediatric or adolescent patients were reported in this cohort. More effort should be made to answer these questions in future studies.Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were believed to originate in bats, and these infections were transmitted directly to humans from market civets and dromedary camels, respectively.35Cui J Li F Shi Z-L Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Extensive research on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV has driven the discovery of many SARS-like and MERS-like coronaviruses in bats. In 2013, Ge and colleagues36Ge X-Y Li J-L Yang X-L et al.Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. reported the whole genome sequence of a SARS-like coronavirus in bats with that ability to use human ACE2 as a receptor, thus having replication potentials in human cells.37Wang M Hu Z Bats as animal reservoirs for the SARS coronavirus: hypothesis proved after 10 years of virus hunting. 2019-nCoV still needs to be studied deeply in case it becomes a global health threat. Reliable quick pathogen tests and feasible differential diagnosis based on clinical description are crucial for clinicians in their first contact with suspected patients. Because of the pandemic potential of 2019-nCoV, careful surveillance is essential to monitor its future host adaption, viral evolution, infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity.ContributorsBC and JW had the idea for and designed the study and had full access to all data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. YWa, GF, XG, JiXu, HL, and BC contributed to writing of the report. BC contributed to critical revision of the report. YWa, GF, XG, JiXu, and HL contributed to the statistical analysis. All authors contributed to data acquisition, data analysis, or data interpretation, and reviewed and approved the final version.Declaration of interestsAll authors declare no competing interests.Data sharingThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Participant data without names and identifiers will be made available after approval from the corresponding author and National Health Commission. After publication of study findings, the data will be available for others to request. The research team will provide an email address for communication once the data are approved to be shared with others. The proposal with detailed description of study objectives and statistical analysis plan will be needed for evaluation of the reasonability to request for our data. The corresponding author and National Health Commission will make a decision based on these materials. Additional materials may also be required during the process.AcknowledgmentsThis work is funded by the Special Project for Emergency of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2020YFC0841300) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS 2018-I2M-1-003), a National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars (81425001/H0104), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1200102), The Beijing Science and Technology Project (Z19110700660000), CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2016-I2M-1-014), and National Mega-projects for Infectious Diseases in China (2017ZX10103004 and 2018ZX10305409). We acknowledge all health-care workers involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients in Wuhan; we thank the Chinese National Health Commission for coordinating data collection for patients with 2019-nCoV infection; we thank the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) for sharing data collection templates publicly on the website; and we thank Prof Chen Wang and Prof George F Gao for guidance in study design and interpretation of results.Supplementary MaterialReferences1.Richman DD Whitley RJ Hayden FG Clinical virology.4th edn. 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17: 181-19236.Ge X-Y Li J-L Yang X-L et al.Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor.Nature. 2013; 503: 535-53837.Wang M Hu Z Bats as animal reservoirs for the SARS coronavirus: hypothesis proved after 10 years of virus hunting.Virol Sin. 2013; 28: 315-317Article InfoPublication HistoryPublished: January 24, 2020IdentificationDOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5Copyright© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ScienceDirectAccess this article on ScienceDirectClinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, ChinaFiguresFigure 1Date of illness onset and age distribution of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infectionFigure 2Timeline of 2019-nCoV cases after onset of illnessFigure 3Chest CT imagesTablesTable 1Demographics and baseline characteristics of patients infected with 2019-nCoVTable 2Laboratory findings of patients infected with 2019-nCoV on admission to hospitalTable 3Treatments and outcomes of patients infected with 2019-nCoV\n \n\n \n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n Linked Articles"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["text","轉po:\n\n預估兩週潛伏期\nLancet論文統計指出\n\n兩成不發燒\n七成會咳嗽\n症狀非常不典型！\n\n一週後發病\n發病後一週\n32% 加護病房\n29% ARDS插管急救\n15% 死亡終結\n\n意思是\n重症一半會死！\n\n機率大概\n比六發子彈\n直接開一槍的\n俄羅斯輪盤低一些～\n\n中國官方還告訴大家沒事兒不要怕？！\n\n我身為\n高雄榮總\n急診一線醫師\n加護病房主治醫師\n我目前想不到有什麼其他比這個更嚴重更糟糕的傳染病了🙏\n\n\nLancet\n\nhttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30183-5/fulltext"],["id","1fbhbmuiiyn7x"],["createdAt","2020-01-27T10:59:00.386Z"]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",1],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","j4S8C_nyDhPoDex2vRNtq0VZ_ehTvf140_jx4pfLOf9GUBMBk"],["name","↖來自高樹✖謹慎的✖艾瑟兒↗"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",0]]}],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Cannot get data from URL | Cofacts"],["url","https://cofacts.org/article/1tquqcbas7b1m"],["summary","1 person report this messageFirst reported 5 minutes agoSimilar messages「請所有的綠營政客，放下仇恨！\n放下偏見！放下所有的分別心！」\n我與管中閔老師的因緣_做為一個學生的證言。\n（林珈慧2018.04.07）\n其實我從臺大畢業16年了，除了ㄧ次研討會場合與老師匆匆打過一次照面外，我沒有再見過中閔老師。\n但這輩子從小到大受教的老師無數，管中閔老師絕對是影響我最深遠的老師。\n不是因為他在學術上斐然的成就，也不是因為他後來成為中研院院士或擔任國發會主委。\n而是他，一個對上課學生無任何義務的大學教授，卻對什麼都沒有的年輕學子如我付出真誠的關懷，分享成長的挫折，提點人生的堅持。\n\n那是1997年秋天臺大經濟系大二開學的一個悶熱午后，步入先選好的熱門統計學教室已找不到座位，厭倦總是擠着上百人的無感學習，決定冒險轉去另一班新開的統計學看看。\n悄悄走進去，偌大的教室只有五、六位小貓學生，我看到一位穿着厚重西裝的年輕老師正在黑板前揮汗如雨地講課，那就是我對中閔老師的第一印象，究竟是什麼內容早已忘記，我只記得下課時我立刻拿選課單請老師簽名加選。\n\n那一年，管老師在臺大經濟系開的第一堂統計學課程，只有六、七個學生選課，何其有幸我是其中一員。\n如果坐着時光機回到那一年，我會在那個19歲的我旁邊開心的大叫：「妳知道妳特別選的老師是未來中研院院士耶，妳被院士教到了耶！」\n這種慧眼識英雄的感覺，真是比中樂透還開心。\n\n但當時，管中閔老師什麼title都沒有。\n他上統計學，我們沒買過任何教科書，他都上他自己寫的英文講義，他自己對統計學要教給入門學生的邏輯、體系與見解。\n相對於龐雜的統計學方法，他用原創的講義用自成一格環環相扣的架構教我們，在那時候是非常非常與眾不同的。\n老師在當時就對原創非常重視，他常在課堂上鼓勵我們，縱然是碩士論文一定要嘗試在理論上提出創見，\n即使只有一點點，不要再寫一篇用台灣的data跑別人所提的模型出來的結果充數。\n\n後來我的碩士論文口試結束後，口試委員陳昭南院士問我要不要來念博士。\n\n那一刻起我發現上開管式哲學非常有效，這麼多年過去，這個態度已深入我的DNA中。\n\n老師那一年教我們，也算是私塾的編制了，所以他當年的青春血淚成長史，我們有幸是首映場的聽眾。\n而我印象最深的，是他描述那時候在美國做研究到清晨要回家，積雪卡住他的車門，冰天凍地裡他還要努力地剷雪才能回家。\n\n另外還有他提到拿到美國大學終身聘的第二天，二話不說就決定回台灣。\n在我當時聽來覺得不可思議，這麼辛苦做研究好不容易拿到終身聘又是比台灣高好幾倍的薪水，竟然選擇回台灣，這老師有沒有點經濟理性啊！但同時對我又是很有共鳴的，那種拼勁，那種超越經濟價值的熱誠。\n\n近年來管老師成了社會公眾人物，他也講了好多當年的事，但有一件事他從未講過，就是他對家人的愛。\n有一次老師講到，他現在最疼愛的就是他的女兒，如果以後有人敢追求他的女兒，他一定要跟那個人打一架。\n這麼多年過去了，我常常想到，\n到底那一架打了沒？\n\n統計學課程一年很快就結束了，\n但我與管老師的因緣仍然繼續着。\n\n大四我準備研究所甄試，\n拜託老師寫推薦函，老師一口答應，\n什麼資料都沒跟我要，\n也沒叫我擬草稿，就幫我寫好推薦函。\n\n我什麼身家背景也沒有，\n他的推薦函幫助我。\n他的研究室的門永遠是開着的，\n我是見證者之一。\n\n不但如此，碩二那年，\n埋首論文研究之餘，\n找到中研院有個打打字的打工機會，\n剛好可以賺點生活費。\n\n過不久，\n時任中研院經濟所所長的老師\n竟然發了一封email給我:\n「我不知道妳有打工的需要﹐\n妳當初應該先來找我或者至少問我一下。 \n妳實在太見外了。」\n\n這些事過了二十年了\n點點滴滴我都記在心上，\n老師就是這麼幽默、真誠、熱情，\n對家人如此，對學生更是如此，\n不論何時何地都準備行俠仗義拔刀相助！\n\n而且不論他的title是否已經愈來愈大，\n他對學生這一份愛心，「真啊！」。\n\n後來，2013年底老師\n擔任經建會主委風雨之際，\n我發了email給老師表達我的支持：\n「存心俯仰天地無愧，足矣！」\n老師親自回信：\n「即使知道非常困難，還是想有些改變。\n如果實在改變不成，也只好放棄。」\n\n又後來2015年初，\n老師辭任國發會主委，\n我又發信支持老師：\n「我也是獅子座的，\n深知獅子座的人要放下他心血大業，\n是要下多大的決心。\n\n人生的故事沒有the end，\n只有to be continued... 共勉之！！」\n老師仍然親自回信：\n「未來我還會有很多事可做，\n而且在民間，\n說不定可做的事情更多。」\n\n去年底，看到管老師\n參加臺大校長遴選的宣言，\n我再次發了email支持老師：\n「對學生、社會、國家的\n這一份熱情未曾消減，\n永遠訴諸理性，不搞政治操作，\n永遠不會被打倒。\n您的這份堅持，\n永遠是指引我心方向的阿拉丁神燈！」\n\n再次收到老師的回信：\n「我很認真面對這次的競爭，\n這也是我離開政府公職後，\n唯一還能激發我熱情的工作。\n\n但是以現在政治和社會氛圍，\n我想我當選機率很低，我只能盡力而已。」\n\n後來中閔老師在今年1月5日獲選，\n我回信恭禧：「老師，You did it! \n淪為遊樂園的台灣大學有救了！」\n\n但從那一天開始，我完全沒預期到，\n為何對管中閔老師不實的攻詰一波波發動，\n而且竟然是由國家政府帶頭行惡。\n\n我不解，為何砲口竟是對着\n一個光明磊落的院士級\n優秀學者、人師之表率？\n這有任何一絲公理、\n正義、大學之精神嗎？\n\n翻開中外歷史，一言以蔽之，\n不就是奸臣小人\n對所有仁人志士的迫害史嗎！\n\n冒着未來也會被迫害的風險\n（其實也不用多慮，\n臺灣的人才不斷在出走），\n身為台灣人的基本良知，\n身為臺大人的基本尊嚴，\n\n我能做的，就是在老師風雨飄搖、\n人人喊曾參殺人時刻，公開地，\n用一個學生的經歷，\n來充份支持與證明，\n回歸大學傳道授業，\n立國立人的精神與本質，\n臺灣大學遴選委員會\n（也是唯一有法定資格與\n權限的遴選校長之實體)，\n的確獨立且正確地做出決定。\n\n此一決定即有其立即的實體效力，\n不會因為教育部\n違法怠於聘任程序而動搖！\n\n最後，請所有臺灣人放下仇恨！\n放下偏見！放下所有的分別，\n\n管中閔老師2007年2月\n「世界遺忘台灣！台灣遺忘世界！」一文，\n讓我們深切的自省，\n我們要帶領臺灣走去哪個方向？\n\n「世界遺忘台灣與台灣遺忘世界，\n兩者其實相互關聯。\n\n當世界忽視台灣，\n我們對這個世界就越來越覺得陌生，\n於是選擇逃避。\n\n中國大陸的打壓，\n固然是造成世界遺忘台灣的主因，\n但我們是否坦然面對過問題的徵結，\n然後尋求解決的方式？\n\n若我們自己都不曾\n窮盡一切努力去扭轉趨勢，\n世界自然會繼續遺忘台灣，\n台灣也將“日蹙國百里”，\n最終退縮到無人聞問的角落。 \n\n我們耽于內鬥久矣，\n因此看不見世界各地政經勢力的消長\n與它們之間的合縱連橫，\n也看不清自己地位的變化。\n\n世界或許忽視了台灣，\n然而台灣不能沒有世界。\n\n所以我們不能再自甘鎖國，\n而必須更務實的面對海峽兩岸的關係，\n與亞洲各國的關係，\n乃至與世界其他地區的關係。\n\n在追求台灣總利益最大的目標之下，\n唯有放下虛妄的意識型態包袱，\n知所取舍，\n台灣才可能有更寬廣的未來。 \n讓台灣能夠重新迎向世界，\n讓世界不致遺忘台灣。」\n(旺報)1 occurrence1 responseover 2 years agoChina creates meat from the dead bodies of coronavirus victims and transport them to Africa.1 occurrence1 response2 months agoAs you may have noticed, I sent last digits your phonenumberX7182. This means that I have full access to your device and accounts. I've been watching you for a few months now.\nThe fact is that you were infected with malware through an adult site that you visited. If you are not familiar with this, I will explain. Trojan Virus gives me full access and control your devices. This means that I can see everything on your screen, turn on the camera and microphone, but you do not know about it. I also have access to all your contacts and all your correspondence.\nWhy your antivirus did not detect malware? @nswer: My malware uses the driver, I update its signatures every 4 hours so that your antivirus is silent. I made a video showing h0w you satisfy yourself in the left half of the screen, and in the right half you see the video that you watched.\nWith one click of the m0use, I can send this vide0 to all your emails and contacts^. If you want to prevent this, transfer the amount of $972 to my bitcoin* @ddress (if you do not kn0w how to do this, write to Google: \"Buy Bitcoin\"). My bitcoin @ddress (BTC Wallet) is: 12yCNJHAwda8Kgxv9DswpS9k16XnstSqcJ\nAfter receiving the payment, I will delete the video and you will never hear me again. I give you 48 hours to pay. I have a notice reading this letter, and the timer will work when you see this letter. Filing a complaint somewhere does not make sense because this email cannot be tracked like my bitcoin address. I do not make any mistakes.\nIf I find that you have shared this message with someone else, the video will be immediately distributed.1 occurrence1 responseover 1 year ago喜歡旅遊群友大家好！\n這幾天應該知道,歐盟正式通過了這項規範!\nGeneral Data Protection Regulation，簡稱GDPR\n這不是小事,請不要等閒視之,只要有接觸就有可能違法!\n例如看到帥哥、美女、超萌小童等，只要一拍照可能就觸法了!!!!\n但是例如你的目標是艾菲爾鐵塔，現場可能一堆觀光客等，這\n是沒問題的!!\n但是,若是像是大街上露天咖啡座的客人,只要一拍可能就觸法了!!\n但是如果你真的要拍個人，請取得對方同意，最好能簽紙本協議，免得惹禍上身!!!!!\n赴歐旅遊,要拍照請多多事先考慮一下,特別是有關\"人\"或是與人有關的部分!!\n舉凡姓名、地址、電話、名片、電話簿等等，有個人資料的物，都會有問題!\n對了對了，各位愛拍餐廳菜單的、店家資料的，最好事先問過，取得同意\n不得不慎\n希望沒有嚴格到這樣的地步!!!!!\n\n‭https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/49249/gdpr-general-data-protection-regulation-eu-‬3 occurrences2 responsesabout 2 years agoAS RECEIVED: The new NCP coronavirus may not show sign of infection for many days, how can one know if he/she is infected. By the time they have fever and/or cough and goes to the hospital, the lungs is usually 50 % Fibrosis and it's too late!\n\nTaiwan experts provide a simple self-check that we can do every morning:\n\nTake a deep breath and hold your breath for more than 10 seconds. If you complete it successfully without coughing, without discomfort, stuffiness or tightness etc it proves there is no fibrosis in the lungs, basically indicating no infection.\n\nIn critical times, please self-check every morning in an environment with clean air!\n\nSERIOUS EXCELLENT ADVICE by Japanese doctors treating COVID-19 cases. Everyone should ensure your mouth & throat is moist, never DRY. Take a few sips of water every 15 mins at least. WHY? Even if the virus gets into your mouth...drinking water or other liquids will WASH them down through your oesophagus and into the stomach. Once there in tummy...your stomach ACID will kill all the virus. If you don't drink enough water more regularly...the virus can enter your windpipes and into the LUNGS. That's very dangerous. \nPls send and share with family, friends and everyone about this ! Take care everyone n may the world recovers from corona virus soon. May all be well n happy 🙏\n2 occurrences1 response5 months ago來自盧達輝警司的告示：\n請不要發送早安祝福的圖片或影片。\n 請閱讀上海國際新聞來自中國的這一警告，向所有用戶發出緊急求救信息（這是第三次提醒），專家建議：請不要發送早安，晚安，或任何有趣的節日問候圖片和影片等。報導指出，中國的黑客已經設計出了完美的圖片和影片來隱藏他們內部的網絡釣魚代碼，當所有人轉發這些圖片時，他們都會竊取您設備上的個人信息。據報導，已經有超過50萬的受害者被騙了。如果您想互相問候，請輸入您自己的文字信息，以保護自己，並保護您的家人和朋友。\n （很重要）。刪除所有以前和以後的賀卡設計，為了您自己的安全，圖片和朋友的圖片，以避免黑客的網絡釣魚。它們包含嵌入式“GIF”程序，竊取您的個人信息，信用卡號碼和PIN碼。互相打招呼，使用文字或完全自製的圖片，視頻。自己創造的材料才是安全的。\n\n請轉發給你的聯繫人，這樣你就不會繼續收到預先製作的白天和早上的問候圖片！\n\nNotice from Superintendent Ludacre:\nPlease do not send good morning pictures or videos.\nPlease read this warning from China in Shanghai International News and send an urgent SOS message to all users (this is the third reminder) Expert advice: Please do not send good morning, good night, or any interesting holiday greetings pictures and videos. According to the report, hackers in China have designed perfect pictures and videos to hide their internal Internet fishing codes, When everyone retweets these images, they will steal personal information from your device. It is reported that more than half a million victims have been deceived. If you want to greet each other, please enter your own text message to protect yourself and your family and friends.\nVery important. Remove all previous and future card designs for your own security, pictures and pictures of friends to avoid hackers on the Internet fishing. They contain embedded GIF programs that steal your personal information, credit card numbers, and PIN numbers. Greeting each other, using text or completely homemade pictures, videos. The material that you create is safe.\n\nPlease forward to your contacts, so you wont continue to receive pre-made pictures of the morning and daytime greetings!2 occurrences3 responsesover 2 years agoThe vaccine against the new coronavirus was created before the disease appeared ; three persons who recently arrived from China in Sarajevo Canton are under medical supervision and have brought the COVID-19 in Sarajevo.1 occurrence1 response2 months agoDrinking tea and hot water kills the virus; lemon slices in warm water may save your life; it's recommended to keep your money in a sealed plastic bag; a conspiracy theory suggests China is benefiting from the pandemic; vinegar is good for cleaning your hands.1 occurrence1 responseabout 1 month ago可怕的報告~瑞士第一例5G的损伤报告\nhttps://russ999.pixnet.net/blog/post/301462937\n\n\n天線一安裝，日内瓦市中心的幾個居民和整個家庭都報告了類似的不同尋常的症狀:耳鳴、劇烈頭痛、難以忍受的耳痛、失眠、胸痛、疲勞以及在房子裏感覺不舒服。\n\n\nThe first reported injury of 5G in a news report comes from Switzerland,where 5G has been launched in 102 locations. The weekly French-language Swiss magazine L'Illustré interviewed people living in Geneva after the 5G rollout with alarming details of illness.In their article,With 5G,We Feel Like Guinea Pigs,posted July 18,2019,they report neighbors met to discuss their many common symptoms and many unanswered questions.\n\n瑞士的一份新聞報道首次報道了5G網絡的受傷情況，瑞士的法語周刊《l'illustr》在5G網絡推出後采訪了居住在日内瓦的人們，詳細介紹了他們患病的情況。在他們發表于2019年7月18日的文章中，他們報告說，鄰居們聚在一起讨論他們的許多常見症狀和許多懸而未決的問題。\n\n相關：美國國土安全部内幕-我經曆了5G，必須警告世界\n\n5G:Its Legal but Not Safe\n\n5G:合法但不安全\n\nAs soon as the antennas were installed,several residents and entire families in the heart of Geneva reported similar unusual symptoms of loud ringing in the ear,intense headaches,unbearable earaches,insomnia,chest pain,fatigue and not feeling well in the house.29-year-old Geneva resident,Johan Perruchoud,called up Swisscom and was told that indeed the 5G cell towers were activated on the same day he began to feel the symptoms.When others called Swisscom they were told everything is legal and within guidelines.\n\n天線一安裝，日内瓦市中心的幾個居民和整個家庭都報告了類似的不同尋常的症狀:耳鳴、劇烈頭痛、難以忍受的耳痛、失眠、胸痛、疲勞以及在房子裏感覺不舒服。29歲的日内瓦居民Johan Perruchoud給瑞士斯科姆公司打了電話，被告知5G手機發射塔确實在他開始感覺到這些症狀的同一天被激活。當其他人打電話給瑞士石油公司時，他們被告知一切都是合法的，都在指導方針的範圍内。\n\nSwiss Physician Denounces 5G and Calls for a 5G Moratorium\n\n瑞士醫生譴責5G網絡，呼籲暫停5G網絡\n\nDr.Bertrand Buchs,who has also called for a 5G moratorium,states he has seen more and more patients with similar symptoms.He notes,\"In this case,our authorities are going against common sense…we risk experiencing a catastrophe in a few years…no serious study exists yet,which is not surprising when we know that this technology was developed in China,then to the United States.In Switzerland,we could open a line for people who feel bad,listen to these complaints and examine them.Our country has the means and the skills.The debate must be launched because the story is not about to end.\"\n\n伯特蘭·布克斯博士也呼籲暫停使用5G，他說他已經看到越來越多的病人出現類似的症狀。他指出，\"在這種情況下，我們的當局違背了常識......我們冒着在幾年内經曆一場災難的風險......目前還沒有嚴肅的研究存在，這并不奇怪，因爲我們知道這項技術是在中國開發的，然後是在美國。在瑞士，我們可以爲那些心情不好的人開設專線，傾聽他們的抱怨，并對他們進行調查。我們的國家有手段和技能。這場辯論必須啓動，因爲這個故事還沒有結束。\"\n\nSwisscom:Millions of Fast Connections\n\n數以百萬計的快速連接\n\nSwisscom states,\"5G will create new opportunities for residential customers and businesses across Switzerland.5G is the new mobile communication standard for digitisation,enabling the extremely fast connection of millions of devices,things and people.\"Will those millions of fast connection enable communication,or instead disable people from communicating due to illness?\n\n\"5G将爲瑞士各地的居民客戶和企業創造新的機會。5G是數字化的新移動通信标準，使數以百萬計的設備、物品和人能夠極快地連接起來。\"那些數以百萬計的快速連接能夠使通信成爲可能，還是因爲疾病而使人們無法進行通信？\n\nDear Diary:Loud Humming,Lots of Pain,Nausea,No Sleep\n\n親愛的日記:嘈雜的嗡嗡聲，劇痛，惡心，無法入睡\n\nThese stories parallel that of Anne Mills,author of\"All EMF'd Up\",who suffered wireless radiation poisoning in Germany when her husband was stationed there for work.She wrote a diary with identical symptoms of those in Geneva.As noted in the Swiss magazine L'Illustré article,her concerns,like those in Geneva,were dismissed.She consulted with German physician,Dr Horst Eger,to confirm her symptoms were that of microwave illness seen in military radar personnel and those working on microwave towers.All EMFd Up(Electromagnetic Fields):My Journey Through Wireless Radiation Poisoning and How You Can Protect Yourself.(2019)Anne Mills\"Mystery Illness\"In Cuban and Chinese Diplomats is Microwave Poisoning\n\n這些故事與《AllEMF'dUp》的作者安妮•米爾斯(AnneMills)的故事類似。米爾斯的丈夫在德國工作時，她遭受了無線輻射中毒。她寫了一本日記，裏面的症狀和日内瓦的一模一樣。正如瑞士雜志《l'illustr》的文章所指出的那樣，她的擔憂和日内瓦的擔憂一樣，都被駁回了。她咨詢了德國内科醫生霍斯特·伊格爾醫生，以确認她的症狀是軍用雷達人員和微波塔工作人員出現的微波疾病。電磁場:我的無線輻射中毒之旅以及如何保護自己。(2019)安妮米爾斯\"神秘疾病\"古巴和中國外交官微波中毒\n\nThe New York Times and CBS reported unexplained symptoms in diplomats living in China and Cuba in 2017 and 2018.The source was found to be microwave radiation.UC San Diego Professor of Medicine,Dr.Beatrice Golomb,published an article in Neural Computation in September 2018,discussing the symptoms of the diplomats living abroad.The symptoms that diplomats and their families experienced,i.e.sleep problems,headaches,strange auditory sounds,anxiety and dizziness were similar to those with microwave illness reported in military studies from pulsed microwave radiation.See Cuban Diplomats Likely Hit by Microwave Weapons.\n\n《紐約時報》和哥倫比亞廣播公司報道了2017年和2018年居住在中國和古巴的外交官出現的原因不明的症狀。發現來源是微波輻射。2018年9月，加州大學聖叠戈分校醫學教授BeatriceGolomb博士在《神經計算》雜志上發表了一篇文章，讨論了居住在國外的外交官的症狀。外交官及其家屬所經曆的症狀，如睡眠問題、頭痛、奇怪的聽覺聲音、焦慮和眩暈，與脈沖微波輻射報告的微波疾病類似。可能被微波武器擊中。\n\nMany Others Suffer Microwave Illness/Electrosensitivity\n\n許多其他人患有微波疾病/電敏感\n\nIt is reported that 3%to 30%of the population have symptoms similar to Microwave illness or electrosensitivity,depending on the country and if mild to severe symptoms are reported.\n\n據報告，3%至30%的人口有類似微波疾病或電敏感症狀，這取決于國家和是否報告輕微至嚴重的症狀。\n\nDr.Scott Eberle describes how a physician learned about his own electrosensitivity published originally in 2014 in the Sonoma Medicine and later reprinted in the Santa Clara County/Monterey County Medical Association Bulletin.You can read Dr.Scott Eberle's What's the Diagnosis,Doctor?He has also written\"An Underworld Journey:Learning to Cope with Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity.\"Dr.Scott Eberle.Ecopyschology.9(2):106-111,June 2017.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317923126_An_Underworld_Journey_Learning_to_Cope_with_Electromagnetic_Hypersensitivity\n\n斯科特·埃伯利博士描述了一位醫生是如何了解自己的電敏感性的，該研究最初于2014年在SonomaMedicine發表，後來在聖克拉拉縣/蒙特雷縣醫學協會公報上轉載。你可以閱讀ScottEberle博士的《他也寫了《地下之旅:學習如何應對電磁波過敏症》斯科特·埃伯利博士。生态學.9(2):106-111,2017年6月。\n\nWriter Alison Main has documented her experience in developing electrosensitivity and her frustration at being more isolated from other people and wireless technology she would like to use.Electro-Sensitivity:When the Modern World Hurts\n\n作家艾莉森·梅因記錄了她發展電敏感性的經曆，以及她因與其他人隔絕和她想使用的無線技術而感到的沮喪。\n\n1 occurrence1 response12 months ago\n五樣好東西是： \n\n1.睡前喝豆漿、(soya bean milk before sleep)\n \n睡前喝豆漿：豆漿富含100%的優質胺基酸，可製造充分的生長激素，促進身體的新陳代謝，消耗體內多餘的醣份和脂肪，所以睡前喝豆漿，有減肥的的效果，這就是「胺基酸減肥法」，又叫「懶人減肥法」。 \n此外，大豆富含異黃酮素（天然的雌激素），可降低血液中的膽固醇，保護心臟，預防心肌梗塞，所以女生得心血管疾病的機率只有男生的? 誘壑坐@，異黃酮素並可抑制人體鈣質的流失，還可預防與基因遺傳有關的乳癌與腸癌，因此睡前喝上一杯250cc的豆漿，冷熱甜淡隨意，可讓您有一個好睡眠、好體質。\n但是現在市面上的黃豆有80％是基因改造的，目前基因改造的食品對人體的影響如何還未可知，購買非基因改造豆漿，建議購買無防腐劑喔，睡前喝比早上喝的效益更大。 \n\n2..吃水果比吃蔬菜好 (fruits are better than vegetables) \n\n吃水果比吃蔬菜好：當個「好色之徒」吧，吃水果要選香的，顏色鮮豔的，含有大量松脂，多吃對身體有益。且吃水果比吃蔬菜好，松脂成分可抗壓，如芒果要選土芒果，葡萄要吃紫葡萄，西瓜選無子大紅西瓜，蜜瓜選綠色的，哈蜜瓜要選肉色的，水果中以榴璉的松脂居第一。然今後別再吃西柚因會抑制肝的解毒！ \n\n3.綠茶效益勝過水 (green tea is better than plain water) \n\n建議喝綠茶來代替水和紅茶，因水帶不走身上不好的物質，紅茶為已發酵的熟茶，因此綠茶優於紅茶，多喝綠茶可以降低巴金森，且綠茶含兒茶素，能保護關節軟骨緩解疼痛。另外，泡過後無味的綠茶包，可用來擦過敏的皮膚跟濕疹唷！ \n\n4.天天來杯咖啡吧 (a daily coffee is good for you) \n\n喝咖啡選阿拉伯豆：每天一杯咖啡，喝咖啡的好處是咖啡可抑制多巴胺L-Dopa，預防老化、巴金森氏症、防癌，咖啡會活化大腦命令四肢時所需要的傳導物，年老以後身手較為協調，壞處是喝咖啡會流失鈣與一些維他命。\n懷孕前三個月禁喝，因易流產。此外，喝咖啡要選阿拉伯豆，不是爪哇豆，豆子要新鮮，放久了會產生黃麴毒素。\n\n5.將癌細胞改邪歸正的蕃薯 (sweet potato can get away the cancel cells) \n\n蕃薯導正病變細胞：蕃薯含神經節肝酯，能導正病變細胞；且蕃薯可以減肥，因為其澱粉是水溶性纖維，不會囤積體內。\n蕃薯的甜味是多醣，對人體有益，比吃飯更有飽足感，建議一週可用一餐蕃薯代替飯來吃。蕃薯愈紅愈甜愈好，烤的比水煮和蒸的好，且烤後連皮一起吃更好。 \n專作放射線之醫師，認為『微波爐』會利用電波少一個正價電子，運用水分子之震盪使食物變熱，所以食物易變成自由基，就會容易致癌。所以偶而方便用一下，最好還是少用『微波爐』最好！ \n\n以下文章值得參考 \n\n人體內的有毒物質主要來源於兩個途徑：一是大氣與水源中的污染物、通過呼吸及進餐而侵入人體內，鉛、鋁、汞等重金屬就是其代表；另一個是食物在體內代謝後的廢物，如自由基、硫化氫等。時下，清除體內垃圾已成健康時尚。\n\n以下方法可幫您及時清除體內毒素。 \n\n1.主動咳嗽法: (proactive cough) \n自然界中的粉塵、金屬微粒及廢氣中的毒性物質，通過呼吸進入肺臟，既損害肺臟，又通過血液迴圈而!株連'全身。借助主動咳嗽可以'清掃'肺臟。每天到室外空氣清新處做深呼吸運動，深吸氣時緩緩抬起雙臂，然後主動咳嗽，使氣流從口、鼻中噴出，咳出痰液。 \n\n2.飲水沖洗法：(have a cup of plain water after getting up in the morning) \n定時排便，縮短糞便在腸道內的停留時間，及時排出糞便中的毒素。每天清晨空腹喝一杯溫開水，有利於大便通暢以及毒素從尿液中排出。\n\n3.運動出汗法：(do exercises) \n皮膚也是排泄毒素的途徑，主要通過出汗的方式，讓毒素隨汗液排出體外。 \n\n4.巧用食物法：\n \n●常飲鮮果、鮮菜汁(不經炒煮)，鮮果、鮮菜汁是體內'清潔劑'，牠們能排除體內堆積的毒素和廢物。(fruit and vegetable juices are good) \n\n●常吃海帶，海帶對放射性物質有特別的親和力，海帶膠質能促使體內的放射性物質隨著大號排出體外，從而減少放射性物質在人體內的積聚，也減少了放射性疾病的發生率。( sea weeds are good) \n\n●常喝綠豆湯，綠豆湯能輔助排泄體內的毒素，促進機體的正常代謝。(green bean soup helps metabolism) \n\n\n\n1 occurrence1 responseabout 1 year ago"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["text","請幫我看看這是真的還是假的：https://cofacts.org/article/1tquqcbas7b1m"],["id","3bsmif2pqmtb"],["createdAt","2020-07-23T09:25:02.110Z"]]}]}],["relatedReplies",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["article",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",25],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","j4S8C_Nozqq0mvJ1K41rFjng3weZKNWdllAoFAJiS6nFuNI6I"],["name","音樂性的柳營若拉"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",0]]}],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","LINE｜always at your side."],["url","https://line.me/update"],["summary","Life on LINELINE—always at your side.ScrollLife on LINEMore than just a messenger app.\nLINE is new level of communication, and the very infrastructure of your life.LINE NEWSKeep current with \nthe latest news on LINE.\nKeep 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Enjoy freely making payments without your wallet.More detailsMore detailsLINE MUSICListen, Watch and \nSing along.\nListen, Watch and Sing along.LINE MUSIC is a music streaming service in Japan with over 100 million songs, both Japanese and foreign. Users can listen to trending songs, watch music videos and enjoy the sing-along feature.More detailsMore detailsMessenger APPNew communication app which allows you to make FREE voice calls and\n send FREE messages whenever and wherever you are, 24 hours a day!Texts, Voice & Video Calls\nTexts, Voice & Video CallsYou can send one-on-one and group texts, and use international voice and video calls with your friends.Stickers, Emoji, Themes\nStickers, Emoji, ThemesYou can share you feelings with stickers or emoji, and wrap your app with colorful themesOpenChat\nOpenChatYou can meet new friends with similar interests and share fun news and information.Hometab\nHometabYou can access to various information, services, contents like LINE family services, stickers, etc.LINE VOOM\nLINE VOOMExplore even more content that you may like in the \"For you\" tab.Wallet\nWalletPaying or sending money by \"LINE Pay\", and you can use various LINE financial services.ServicesLINEA communication app that connects people, services, and information.LINEA communication app that connects people, services, and information.OpenChatTalk with other users with similar hobbies and interests.OpenChatTalk with other users with similar hobbies and interests.LINE MangaFind and read your favorite manga!LINE MangaFind and read your favorite manga!LINE MUSICCheck out and listen to trending songs.LINE MUSICCheck out and listen to trending songs.LINE FortuneA lot of famous fortune tellers are here to help you enjoy your daily life more.LINE FortuneA lot of famous fortune tellers are here to help you enjoy your daily life more.LINE RECORDSDigital label for streaming industry.LINE RECORDSDigital label for streaming industry.CharmmyMedia to support women's problems.CharmmyMedia to support women's problems.LINE POINT CLUBGet good deals with this LINE's membership program.LINE POINT CLUBGet good deals with this LINE's membership program.Part Time JobsFind a part-time job with LINE and apply right away.Part Time JobsFind a part-time job with LINE and apply right away.BRAND CATALOGOffer you good deals at all times.BRAND CATALOGOffer you good deals at all times.LINE FRIENDS Store\tOfficial online store of LINE character goods.LINE FRIENDS Store\tOfficial online store of LINE character goods.LINE FlyerDigital flyers for you to find good deals.LINE FlyerDigital flyers for you to find good deals.LINE GIFTSend warm and cozy presents for your friends.LINE GIFTSend warm and cozy presents for your friends.LINE PayLINE's mobile payment service.LINE PayLINE's mobile payment service.SecuritiesA full-scale but easy to use. Buy a stock from 100 yen.SecuritiesA full-scale but easy to use. Buy a stock from 100 yen.ScoreEnrich your life with LINE Score.ScoreEnrich your life with LINE Score.LINE Pocket MoneyTo those who need a little bit of money.LINE Pocket MoneyTo those who need a little bit of money.LINE FXStart FX with LINE.LINE FXStart FX with LINE.LINE AdsEasy online ad delivery.LINE AdsEasy online ad delivery.LINE Ads Platform for PublishersA large scale ad network to reach massive number of users.LINE Ads Platform for PublishersA large scale ad network to reach massive number of users.Talk Head ViewPlace your vide-ad on the top of the chat list page.Talk Head ViewPlace your vide-ad on the top of the chat list page.LINE Sales PromotionA new solution to sales activity! Use LINE to promote your business.LINE Sales PromotionA new solution to sales activity! Use LINE to promote your business.LINE Official AccountSend messages directly to your customers.LINE Official AccountSend messages directly to your customers.LINE POINT ADGet more users involved with an attractive incentive.LINE POINT ADGet more users involved with an attractive incentive.LINE Promotion StickerBrand your business through LINE stickers.LINE Promotion StickerBrand your business through LINE stickers.LINE mini app\tProvide useful services on LINE to support your daily life.LINE mini app\tProvide useful services on LINE to support your daily life.LINE researchThe Japan's biggest research platform.LINE researchThe Japan's biggest research platform.LINE WORKS“LINE for business”. Enjoy LINE-like chat, stickers with business-friendly features.LINE WORKS“LINE for business”. Enjoy LINE-like chat, stickers with business-friendly features.LINE NEWSRead latest, showbiz, all trending news on LINE.LINE NEWSRead latest, showbiz, all trending news on LINE.LINE Magic CoinCollect Coins to complete the Picture Books in this easy-to-play casual coin game!LINE Magic CoinCollect Coins to complete the Picture Books in this easy-to-play casual coin game!LINE Chef\tTeam up with Brown and Sally and become a top chef!LINE Chef\tTeam up with Brown and Sally and become a top chef!LINE Bubble 2Go on a journey with Cony and a dragon to find Brown.LINE Bubble 2Go on a journey with Cony and a dragon to find Brown.LINE PokoPokoMatch up blocks to destroy them in this fresh and fun puzzle gameLINE PokoPokoMatch up blocks to destroy them in this fresh and fun puzzle gameLINE Rangers\tLINE Rangers is a simple yet exciting, full-fledged tower defense RPG!LINE Rangers\tLINE Rangers is a simple yet exciting, full-fledged tower defense RPG!LINE: Disney Tsum TsumCollect, connect and pop cute Disney character Tsum Tsum.LINE: Disney Tsum TsumCollect, connect and pop cute Disney character Tsum Tsum.LINE PokoPang TownAn exhilarating one-tap puzzle game to build a town.LINE PokoPang TownAn exhilarating one-tap puzzle game to build a town.LINE POP2It is a fun puzzle game for both beginners and advanced players!LINE POP2It is a fun puzzle game for both beginners and advanced players!LINE PokoPangSwipe away tons of blocks in one go.LINE PokoPangSwipe away tons of blocks in one go.LINE Puzzle Tan TanClear the same blocks within the time limit with a cute panda!LINE Puzzle Tan TanClear the same blocks within the time limit with a cute panda!LINE Bubble!An exciting bubble shooting game with the LINE characters!LINE Bubble!An exciting bubble shooting game with the LINE characters!LINE BROWN FARM\tLINE's favorite character, Brown becomes a farmer?!LINE BROWN FARM\tLINE's favorite character, Brown becomes a farmer?!"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["text","您目前使用的版本無法正常顯示訊息內容，\n請先更新至最新版本後，再請對方重傳一次。\nhttps://line.me/update"],["id","3f9u7jarbpb42"],["createdAt","2024-12-19T07:20:52.410Z"]]}],["reply",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","c8CbH5oBWwAUNc5brMEw"],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","1MBPH5oBWwAUNc5bxMAF"],["name","sad_newxs"],["avatarUrl","https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/fe0f59238dbcc4842de29e135c82f5c8?s=100&d=identicon&r=g"],["level",9]]}],["type","NOT_RUMOR"],["text","LINE有部分功能（如貼圖組合）在電腦上無法使用，無關版本，這時LINE即會提示您更新到最新版本，可以直接忽略此訊息，點擊連結前請務必注意真實性。"],["reference","https://apps.apple.com/us/app/line/id539883307"],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","‎LINE"],["url","https://apps.apple.com/us/app/line/id539883307"],["summary","‎LINE reshapes communication around the globe, letting you enjoy not only messaging but also free voice and video calls wherever you find yourself. Download LINE now and stay close with your favorite people.\n\n◆ Free voice and video calls any time, anywhere. Share your screen during video conferences.…"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["createdAt","2025-10-26T08:21:27.223Z"]]}]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["article",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",2],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","j4S8C_WAuYYj2LVfJbSwWOWex9UXA7W6d3Pwk7voZng0aQP9s"],["name","厚道的中和蜜妮安"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",0]]}],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","COVID 19 VACCINE WARNING! MARK OF THE BEAST! MANDATED VACCINE+CHIP"],["url","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMc74QpJf04"],["summary","https://id2020.org/alliance\n\nhttps://www.nowtheendbegins.com/big-pharma-microsoft-silicon-valley-id2020-alliance-combine-vaccinations-with-implantable-microchip-digital-id-mark-beast-end-times/\n\nVACCINE plus MICROCHIP\nhttps://principia-scientific.org/id2020-alliance-will-combine-vaccinations-implantable-id-microchips/\n\nUS COMPANIES RACE TO TEST CORONA VIRUS VACCINE\nhttps://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2020/02/27/investing/coronavirus-vaccine/index.html\n\nUS VACCINE TRIALS\nhttps://www.cnbc.com/amp/2020/02/25/us-health-officials-say-human-trials-on-coronavirus-vaccine-to-start-in-6-weeks.html"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","ID2020 | Alliance & Governance"],["url","https://id2020.org/alliance"],["summary","No government, company or agency can solve this challenge alone. Setting the future course of digital ID and navigating the associated risks is a challenge that requires sustained collaboration and global partnership.\n \n \n \n Why the Alliance\n \n \n \n \n Partners\n \n \n \n \n Governance\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Explore\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n The ID2020 Alliance is unique in its philosophy and transparent governance.\n \n \n ID2020 is building a new global model for the design, funding, and\nimplementation of digital ID solutions and technologies. There is no other multi-stakeholder effort focused on user-managed, privacy-protecting, and portable digital ID.\n \n \n Ad-hoc investments in single use-case projects (“business as usual”) will be insufficient to bring about transformative impact. Changing the flow of funds is necessary to re-align incentives. That’s why Alliance partners are pooling funds to invest in programs that consider digital ID holistically, as a platform for diverse benefits, services, and use cases throughout an individual’s life.\n \n \n Private sector engagement is critical for solving at scale. Alliance partners include companies with a collective footprint in the billions and a shared commitment to an ethical approach to digital ID. Decisions about how Alliance funds are administered, which programs to fund, and which technical standards to support are made jointly by Alliance partners through a transparent governance process, preventing dominance by any single institution or sector.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Alliance Partners\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n A global management consulting and professional services firm, Accenture joined as a founding partner in June 2017. Accenture representatives participate in ID2020’s Executive Board and Technical Advisory Committee.\n \n \n \n \n Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance brings together public and private sectors with the shared goal of creating equal access to new and underused vaccines for children living in the world’s poorest countries. Dr. Seth Berkley, CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, sits on our Executive Board.\n \n \n \n \n Since 1913, the Rockefeller Foundation has sought to improve the well-being of humanity around the world. The Rockefeller Foundation provided ID2020 with seed funding in in 2017 and has been an ongoing supporter of ID2020’s work.\n \n \n \n \n The American multinational technology company joined ID2020 in January 2018 as a founding partner. Members of the Microsoft team sit on ID2020’s Technical and Program Delivery Advisory Committees.\n \n \n \n \n Created by IDEO, the international design and consulting firm, to design products, services, and experiences to improve the lives of people in poor and vulnerable communities, IDEO.org joined ID2020 in 2018. IDEO.org is represented on our Program Delivery and Ecosystem & Advocacy Advisory Committees.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Alliance, a collaborative effort of global partners, is solving for scale from day one \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Closing the identity gap is an enormous challenge. It will take the work of many committed people and organizations coming together across different geographies, sectors and technologies. But it’s exciting to imagine a world where safe and secure digital identities are possible, providing everyone with an essential building block to every right and opportunity they deserve.\n Peggy Johnson\n Executive VP, Business Development, Microsoft Corporation\n \n \n Digital identity has the capacity to enable access to vital, life-saving services in many different development and humanitarian contexts, including by accelerating access to basic health care systems. I am excited to join ID2020's Executive Board, and guide the organization and partners in harnessing innovative technologies and multi-sectoral collaboration to benefit the world's most vulnerable populations.\n Dr. Seth Berkley\n CEO, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance\n \n \n Accenture has joined the ID2020 Alliance with partners like Microsoft to create an open, human-centric approach to identity. The alliance draws on advances in biometrics and innovative technologies and brings together expertise from business, government and non-government agencies.\n Christine Leong\n Digital Identity Innovations Lead\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Alliance Governance\n As an alliance, the success of this initiative depends on robust collaboration and a clearly defined means for stakeholder engagement.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Board\n The governing body for the Alliance is the ID2020 Alliance Executive Board. The eleven mmeber board includes five independent Directors, two Directors nominated as representatives of the public sector Founding Partners, two Directors nominated as representatives of the private sector Founding Partners, one Director nominated as a privacy expert, and one Director representing funding organizations.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Advisory Committees\n The Board is supported by four thematic Advisory Committees, which provide in-depth advice to the ID2020 Board. Membership in these committees is set by the Board, with Founding Partners eligible to nominate representatives to two Advisory Committees.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Secretariat\n ID2020, a US-registered 501(c)(3) based in New York, NY, is the Secretariat for the Alliance. As such, ID2020 is responsible and accountable for day-to-day operations, including: raising money to fund digital ID projects, coordinating with implementing partners for project implementation, setting and managing technical standards, monitoring and evaluation, legal and financial management and administration of the governance system. Management of these activities is the responsibility of ID2020’s Executive Director."],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Big Pharma And Microsoft Are Teaming Up In Something Called The 'ID2020 Alliance' That Will Combine Vaccinations With Implantable Microchips To Create Your Digital ID • Now The End Begins"],["url","https://www.nowtheendbegins.com/big-pharma-microsoft-silicon-valley-id2020-alliance-combine-vaccinations-with-implantable-microchip-digital-id-mark-beast-end-times/"],["summary","For years we’ve been watching as Microsoft founder Bill Gates, now retired from the company he founded, use his billions to give ‘free vaccinations‘ to people in third world countries. Now Bill has become a founding partner in another company, this one is called the ID2020 Alliance, and its goal is to give every human being on Earth a digital id. How do they plan on accomplishing this feat? By combining mandatory vaccinations with implantable microchips. Genius, isn’t it? And coming soon to a theater near you, as the saying goes.“And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.” Revelation 13:16-18 (KJV)So now you know what Bill Gates and his wife Melinda were really doing over the past 10 years, travelling to third word countries and giving ‘free vaccinations’ to the poor, downtrodden natives. Those ‘free vaccinations‘ was research and a live testing lab to conduct the necessary experiments required to form ID2020. And as you will see today, this unholy hybrid of vaccinations and implantable microchips is already happening in Bangladesh, soon it will be Boston. A page on the Gates Foundation website says that Bill and Melinda have so far invested over $2.5 billion dollars to this project, with no end in sight. Can the man who put the world behind a personal computer now put a vaccination microchip digital ID into the global population? Bill Gates is absolutely positive he can, and indeed is well on his way to achieving that goal.“Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God.” 2 Thessalonians 2:3,4 (KJV)We have been warning you about this for the past 10 years, and now it is happening. Are you ready for what comes next? I hope you are. Keep looking for that Blessed Hope, and thank God it comes before the time of Jacob’s trouble. If only my friend, Carl Sanders, the man who first revealed the inner-workings of the team that created the RFID microchip, had lived long enough to see this day.Vaccines now being used to harvest biometric identities of everyone; Big Brother merges with Big PharmaFROM NATURAL NEWS: The ID2020 Alliance, as it’s being called, is a digital identity program that aims to “leverage immunization” as a means of inserting tiny microchips into people’s bodies. In collaboration with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations, also known as GAVI, the government of Bangladesh and various other “partners in government, academia, and humanitarian relief,” the ID2020 Alliance hopes to usher in this mark of the beast as a way to keep tabs on every human being living on Earth.Similar to how cattle are marked with ear tags, this globalist alliance wants all humans to be “vaccinated” with digital tracking chips that will create a seamless monitoring system for the New World Order to manage the populations of the world with ease.“We are implementing a forward-looking approach to digital identity that gives individuals control over their own personal information, while still building off existing systems and programs,” says Anir Chowdhury, a policy advisor at a2i, the Bangladesh government’s “Access to Information Program.”“The government of Bangladesh recognizes that the design of digital identity systems carries far-reaching implications for individuals’ access to services and livelihoods, and we are eager to pioneer this approach,” he adds.Look at what is on the wall at this high-level meeting of ID2020 employees. Anyone care to guess what you’re looking at? 🤔While the ID2020 program’s testing grounds are primarily in the Third World, the group says it’s also now working with governments here in the United States to start microchipping people through vaccination.In Austin, Texas, for example, the homeless population is now being exploited as a collective guinea pig for ID2020’s microchip vaccination program, which the group claims will help to “empower” homeless people by supposedly giving them “control” over their personal identity data.“The City of Austin, ID2020, and several other partners are working together with homeless people and the service providers who engage with them to develop a blockchain-enabled digital identity platform called MyPass to empower homeless people with their own identity data,” writes Chris Burt for BiometricUpdate.com.MEET THE END TIMES PLAYERS BEHIND ID2020 ALLIANCE, ALL THE USUAL SUSPECTS AND A FEW NEW ONESID2020 is also jabbing refugees with its microchip vaccinations through two inaugural pilot programs known as iRespond and Everest. According to reports, iRespond has “improved continuity of care” for more than 3,000 refugees receiving drug treatments for chronic illness. Everest, on the other hand, has “assisted with the provision of access to critical energy subsidies and a range of additional services with secure and user-centric digital identities without relying on a smartphone,” Burt writes.All of this is priming the public for an eventual mandate of microchip vaccinations, which will be required for every individual in order to buy and sell goods. Chowdhury openly admitted this in stating that digital identity systems will be necessary for “individuals’ access to services and livelihoods.”In other words, the Bible is right: A global identification system is in the works that will eventually be required for people to function in society, and ultimately survive. Without these microchips in their bodies, people won’t be able to work, let alone eat, and it’s all happening right before our very eyes.Keep in mind that ID2020 is a part of the so-called “REAL ID,” which will soon be required for those who wish to travel. REAL ID will also be used as a backdoor method of implementing mandatory vaccination policies for adults. READ MOREOur Manifesto | ID2020We believe the ability to prove one’s identity is a fundamental and universal human right. ID2020 Alliance partners jointly define functional requirements, influencing the course of technical innovation and providing a route to technical interoperability, and therefore trust and recognition. ID2020 Summit 2018: Part 1The ID2020 Alliance is a public-private partnership committed to improving lives through user-centric, portable, privacy-protecting digital identity. This year’s Summit, convened by ID2020 Alliance, brought together leaders and innovators in the field to discuss the technical and non-technical requirements to yield a collective roadmap that moves us towards broad adoption of “good” digital identity for all. Carl Sanders Helped Design The first Implantable MicrochipCarl Sanders was an engineer on the world’s first implantable microchip, and in the process of working on this incredible end times device, Carl got saved and spent the rest of his life warning people about what was coming. What you will hear in this video clip is taken from a cassette tape that was sent around churches back in the 1990’s, I had one of those copies. When the Lord had me start NTEB, Bro. Carl and I became friends and he was a guest on our program many times. This is the audio from that cassette tape. I had the privilege of interviewing Bro. Carl back in 2013, and you can listen to that interview here.Now The End Begins is your front line defense against the rising tide of darkness in the last days before the Rapture of the ChurchHOW TO DONATE:Click here to view our GoFundMe pageWhen you contribute to this fundraising effort, you are helping us to do what the Lord called us to do. The money you send in goes primarily to the overall daily operations of this site. When people ask for Bibles, we send them out at no charge. When people write in and say how much they would like gospel tracts but cannot afford them, we send them a box at no cost to them for either the tracts or the shipping, no matter where they are in the world. Even all the way to South Africa. We even restarted our weekly radio Bible study on Sunday nights again, thanks to your generous donations. All this is possible because YOU pray for us, YOU support us, and YOU give so we can continue growing.CLICK IMAGE TO ORDER YOUR BOX OF NTEB GOSPEL TRACTSBut whatever you do, don’t do nothing. Time is short and we need your help right now. If every one of the 13,131 people on our daily mailing list gave $4.50, we would reach our goal immediately. If every one of our 151,781 followers on Facebook gave $1.00 each, we would reach 300% of our goal. The same goes for our 14,500 followers on Twitter. But sadly, many will not give, so we need the ones who can and who will give to be generous. As generous as possible.“Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ;” Titus 2:13 (KJV)“Thank you very much!” – Geoffrey, editor-in-chief, NTEBHOW TO DONATE: Click here to view our GoFundMe page"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","'ID2020 Alliance' Will Combine Vaccinations & Implantable ID Microchips | PSI Intl"],["url","https://principia-scientific.org/id2020-alliance-will-combine-vaccinations-implantable-id-microchips/"],["summary","Big Pharma is officially partnering with the tech industry to pair “immunization” with digital biometrics, meaning humans will soon be microchipped, tracked, and ultimately controlled through a global identification matrix.For years we’ve been watching as Microsoft founder Bill Gates, now retired from the company he founded, use his billions to give ‘free vaccinations‘ to people in third world countries. Now Bill has become a founding partner in another company, this one is called the ID2020 Alliance, and its goal is to give every human being on Earth a digital id. How do they plan on accomplishing this feat? By combining mandatory vaccinations with implantable microchips. Genius, isn’t it? And coming soon to a theater near you, as the saying goes.So now you know what Bill Gates and his wife Melinda were really doing over the past 10 years, travelling to third word countries and giving ‘free vaccinations’ to the poor, downtrodden natives. Those ‘free vaccinations‘ was research and a live testing lab to conduct the necessary experiments required to form ID2020.And as you will see today, this unholy hybrid of vaccinations and implantable microchips is already happening in Bangladesh, soon it will be Boston. A page on the Gates Foundation website says that Bill and Melinda have so far invested over $2.5 billion dollars to this project, with no end in sight.Can the man who put the world behind a personal computer now put a vaccination microchip digital ID into the global population? Bill Gates is absolutely positive he can, and indeed is well on his way to achieving that goal.“Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God.” 2 Thessalonians 2:3,4 (KJV)We have been warning you about this for the past 10 years, and now it is happening. Are you ready for what comes next? I hope you are. Keep looking for that Blessed Hope, and thank God it comes before the time of Jacob’s trouble. If only my friend, Carl Sanders, the man who first revealed the inner-workings of the team that created the RFID microchip, had lived long enough to see this day.Vaccines now being used to harvest biometric identities of everyone; Big Brother merges with Big PharmaFROM NATURAL NEWS: The ID2020 Alliance, as it’s being called, is a digital identity program that aims to “leverage immunization” as a means of inserting tiny microchips into people’s bodies. In collaboration with the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations, also known as GAVI, the government of Bangladesh and various other “partners in government, academia, and humanitarian relief,” the ID2020 Alliance hopes to usher in this mark of the beast as a way to keep tabs on every human being living on Earth.Similar to how cattle are marked with ear tags, this globalist alliance wants all humans to be “vaccinated” with digital tracking chips that will create a seamless monitoring system for the New World Order to manage the populations of the world with ease.“WE ARE IMPLEMENTING A FORWARD-LOOKING APPROACH TO DIGITAL IDENTITY THAT GIVES INDIVIDUALS CONTROL OVER THEIR OWN PERSONAL INFORMATION, WHILE STILL BUILDING OFF EXISTING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMS,” SAYS ANIR CHOWDHURY, A POLICY ADVISOR AT A2I, THE BANGLADESH GOVERNMENT’S “ACCESS TO INFORMATION PROGRAM.”“The government of Bangladesh recognizes that the design of digital identity systems carries far-reaching implications for individuals’ access to services and livelihoods, and we are eager to pioneer this approach,” he adds.Look at what is on the wall at this high-level meeting of ID2020 employees. Anyone care to guess what you’re looking at? While the ID2020 program’s testing grounds are primarily in the Third World, the group says it’s also now working with governments here in the United States to start microchipping people through vaccination.IN AUSTIN, TEXAS, FOR EXAMPLE, THE HOMELESS POPULATION IS NOW BEING EXPLOITED AS A COLLECTIVE GUINEA PIG FOR ID2020’S MICROCHIP VACCINATION PROGRAM, WHICH THE GROUP CLAIMS WILL HELP TO “EMPOWER” HOMELESS PEOPLE BY SUPPOSEDLY GIVING THEM “CONTROL” OVER THEIR PERSONAL IDENTITY DATA.“The City of Austin, ID2020, and several other partners are working together with homeless people and the service providers who engage with them to develop a blockchain-enabled digital identity platform called MyPass to empower homeless people with their own identity data,” writes Chris Burt for BiometricUpdate.com.MEET THE END TIMES PLAYERS BEHIND ID2020 ALLIANCE, ALL THE USUAL SUSPECTS AND A FEW NEW ONESID2020 is also jabbing refugees with its microchip vaccinations through two inaugural pilot programs known as iRespond and Everest. According to reports, iRespond has “improved continuity of care” for more than 3,000 refugees receiving drug treatments for chronic illness. Everest, on the other hand, has “assisted with the provision of access to critical energy subsidies and a range of additional services with secure and user-centric digital identities without relying on a smartphone,” Burt writes.All of this is priming the public for an eventual mandate of microchip vaccinations, which will be required for every individual in order to buy and sell goods. Chowdhury openly admitted this in stating that digital identity systems will be necessary for “individuals’ access to services and livelihoods.”In other words, the Bible is right: A global identification system is in the works that will eventually be required for people to function in society, and ultimately survive. Without these microchips in their bodies, people won’t be able to work, let alone eat, and it’s all happening right before our very eyes.Keep in mind that ID2020 is a part of the so-called “REAL ID,” which will soon be required for those who wish to travel. REAL ID will also be used as a backdoor method of implementing mandatory vaccination policies for adults. READ MOREOur Manifesto | ID2020We believe the ability to prove one’s identity is a fundamental and universal human right. ID2020 Alliance partners jointly define functional requirements, influencing the course of technical innovation and providing a route to technical interoperability, and therefore trust and recognition.ID2020 Summit 2018: Part 1The ID2020 Alliance is a public-private partnership committed to improving lives through user-centric, portable, privacy-protecting digital identity. This year’s Summit, convened by ID2020 Alliance, brought together leaders and innovators in the field to discuss the technical and non-technical requirements to yield a collective roadmap that moves us towards broad adoption of “good” digital identity for all.Carl Sanders Helped Design The first Implantable MicrochipCarl Sanders was an engineer on the world’s first implantable microchip, and in the process of working on this incredible end times device, Carl got saved and spent the rest of his life warning people about what was coming. What you will hear in this video clip is taken from a cassette tape that was sent around churches back in the 1990’s, I had one of those copies. When the Lord had me start NTEB, Bro. Carl and I became friends and he was a guest on our program many times. This is the audio from that cassette tape. I had the privilege of interviewing Bro. Carl back in 2013, and you can listen to that interview here.****PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL, legally registered in the UK as a company incorporated for charitable purposes. Head Office: 27 Old Gloucester Street, London WC1N 3AX. Please DONATE TODAY To Help Our Non-Profit Mission To Defend The Scientific Method."],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Drug companies race to test coronavirus vaccines"],["url","https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/27/investing/coronavirus-vaccine/index.html"],["summary","New York (CNN Business)Gilead Sciences stock was up slightly on Thursday, even as the Dow plunged into correction status. The reason? The biotech company is moving closer to finding a potential treatment for the deadly coronavirus. It plans to start administering its remdesivir drug to patients next month. Shares of Gilead Sciences (GILD) have risen more than 10% in the past five days as the race to find an effective treatment for the outbreak continues. It's not alone. The stocks of two smaller biotechs working on coronavirus vaccines -- Moderna (MRNA) and Novavax (NVAX) -- have both soared in the past few days on hopes that their treatments may show some success as well.Gilead said in a statement late Wednesday that it will be administering its remdesivir drug to \"approximately 1,000 patients at medical centers primarily across Asian countries, as well as other countries globally with high numbers of diagnosed cases, beginning in March.\"The World Health Organization has said that remdesivir may have the best chance of effectively treating the Wuhan coronavirus.Gilead said in its statement that it will conduct two randomized studies to evaluate the effectiveness of different dosing durations of remdesivir.One will be for about 400 patients with severe clinical manifestations of coronavirus. The other will be for about 600 patients with more moderate symptoms. Patients in both groups will receive the drug for either five or 10 days."],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","US health officials say human trials on coronavirus vaccine to start in 6 weeks"],["url","https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2020/02/25/us-health-officials-say-human-trials-on-coronavirus-vaccine-to-start-in-6-weeks.html"],["summary","Human trials testing a potential vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus are expected to begin in six weeks, U.S. health officials announced Tuesday.\"We are on time at least and maybe even a little bit better,\" Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told reporters.Passengers arrive at LAX from Shanghai, China, after a positive case of the coronavirus was announced in the Orange County suburb of Los Angeles, California, January 26, 2020.Ringo Chiu | ReutersHuman trials testing a potential vaccine for the COVID-19 coronavirus are expected to begin in six weeks, U.S. health officials announced Tuesday.\"We are on time at least and maybe even a little bit better,\" Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, told reporters at a press conference. \"Hopefully, no further glitches.\"The White House reportedly asked Congress on Monday for $1.25 billion in additional funding to bolster its coronavirus response, including money to develop a vaccine and therapeutics to treat the virus. The National Institutes of Health has been working with biotech company Moderna to develop a vaccine using the current strain of the coronavirus.Hopes to get a vaccine to market are high, but doctors want expectations to be low for how quickly it can happen. Developing, testing and reviewing any potential vaccine is a long, complex and expensive endeavor that could take months or even years, global health experts say. Before researchers can begin human trials, they must have a firm understanding of the pathogen, run safety tests and find enough human volunteers.U.S. health officials are fast-tracking work on a coronavirus vaccine.Fauci said Tuesday that the potential vaccine has so far been put into mice and is \"immunogenic,\" or triggers a response in the immune system, suggesting it could fight the virus.\"The gene has been expressed in the platform, in this case, a messenger RNA. The material has been produced, it's been put into mice. It's immunogenic,\" he said. \"It's now getting ready to go through the regulatory issues of getting it to go.\"Fauci said a vaccine may not solve \"problems in the next couple of months but it certainly would be an important tool that we would have.\" He said it's possible the virus will prove to be seasonal, thus likely to subside in the warmer months like the flu.There are currently no proven therapies for the latest outbreak, which has killed at least 2,704 and sickened more than 80,200 people worldwide since emerging from the Chinese city of Wuhan about two months ago.Local authorities in China have using Gilead Sciences' antiviral drug Remdesivir, which was tested as a possible treatment during the Ebola outbreak, U.S. health officials said last month. Some authorities are also using antiviral drug Kaletra, developed by drugmaker AbbVie, on a \"compassionate basis.\"Earlier in the day, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention outlined what schools and businesses will likely need to do if the COVID-19 virus becomes an epidemic outbreak in the U.S.\"We are asking the American public to work with us to prepare for the expectation that this could be bad,\" Dr. Nancy Messonnier, director of the CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, told reporters on a conference call.The CDC late Monday confirmed 53 cases in the U.S., a majority of which came from passengers repatriated from the Diamond Princess cruise ship that was quarantined off the coast of Japan. The data shows that 36 of the cases are attributed to the cruise ship, three patients were infected in Wuhan and later evacuated to the U.S., and the rest were largely infected while traveling overseas.Just two cases were contracted through person-to-person contact in the U.S., the CDC said.Later Tuesday, U.S. health officials said the outbreak will likely become a global pandemic. They also confirmed four new cases from the cruise ship.\"Current global circumstances suggest it's likely this virus will cause a pandemic,\" Anne Schuchat, principal deputy director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention told reporters at a news briefing.\"It's not so much a question of if this will happen any more, but rather more a question of when this will happen and how many people in this country will become infected and how many of those will develop severe or more complicated disease,\" she added.CNBC's Noah Higgins-Dunn contributed to this report."],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["text","轉～值得參考儆醒防範\n——-\nCOVID 19 VACCINE WARNING! MARK OF THE BEAST! MANDATED VACCINE+CHIP\n疫苗警告！兽印！强制性疫苗+芯片\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMc74QpJf04\nWatchwoman 2020年2月27日\n今天是2020年2月27日。一礼拜之前主赐给我一个很长的梦。我今天在这个视频中，只将重要的一部分发布出来。通过这个梦，我要警告大家，务必抵挡政府要你注射的疫苗，因为那里面结合着一个植入芯片，而且这个疫苗将会在你的手上注射！这个芯片就是那“兽印”！\n还有，我们看到有一种防流感的疫苗，也要出来，那是一种严重的流感病毒。\n在梦里，有一个邪恶的女人，我已经是个成年人，能够允许她去对我做她要做的事情。她站在我前面，手里拿着一只注射针头，注射管是紫色薰衣草的颜色，里面有液体。她看着我说：“这是为了医治你的焦虑症。”我刚一同意，她立即就给我注射了。然后我感觉自己失去了知觉，无法控制我的身体了。当时我好像半睡半醒的状态，我向下看我的手，上面有两只创可贴，而不是一只创可贴。她说只给我注射一针，为何有两只创可贴呢？\n那个梦还在继续，我看到的下一件事就是，我的名字从生命册上被耶稣的眼泪涂抹了。祂的眼泪流到我的名字上，无论我多么努力，我再也无法将我的名字写回去了。\n当我醒来以后，就赶紧把这个梦的内容，详细记录下来。我明白了，这是神在提醒我，即将有一种疫苗，与兽印结合在一起，注射进入我们的人体里，而且还要给全世界的人注射。我认为，他们会知道他们自己正在接受一个芯片在手上，但是, 却以某种方式与疫苗相捆绑。有可能是在同一次注射当中植入的，也可能说是为了预防冠状病毒，或者说是预防即将到来的其它的坏病毒。你必须同意和允许他们在你手上植入这个兽印芯片。\n当我进行研究的时候，我发现了一些信息。我将链接放在本视频的下方的“Description Box”里面。\n有一种东西，叫做“ID 2020”。那是有世界上最富有的人们所计划运行的，包括比尔·盖茨基金会，以及其他世界上最有的钱人。他们企图要让人们接受一种联合疫苗和追踪芯片，称之为“ID 2020”。他们正在世界上的贫穷地区，开始试验这个东西。\n就在2月25日，两天前，CDC宣布，他们要开始在美国进行疫苗注射试验，在那些已经患上冠状病毒的人们身上进行。他们表示很高兴地宣布，他们已经有一种疫苗了，他们认为这看起来很好，但我觉得这很奇怪，怎么会这么快，似乎已经早有预备呢？好像他们早就准备要给人们注射这种疫苗了？\n如果你感染了冠状病毒，也不要参加任何一种像这样的试验，因为我很清楚，这种疫苗，是以某种方式，与兽印芯片相结合。他们企图植入你的右手上面，或是你的额头上面。\n我这是一个严重的警告，接受了他们的兽印的人，再也无法进入天国了！因为在圣经《启示录》13:16中说过：“牠又叫众人，无论大小贫富、自主的、为奴的，都在右手里，或是在额里，受一个印记。”14:9“若有人敬拜兽和兽像，在额里，或手里，受了牠的印记（接受了兽印），这人必喝神大怒的酒；此酒斟在神忿怒的杯中纯一不杂。他要在圣天使和羔羊面前，在火与硫磺之中受痛苦。他们受痛苦的烟往上冒，直到永永远远。有谁敬拜兽和兽像，受牠名之印记的，昼夜不得安宁。”\n耶稣很快就要回来了。我向那些没有跟随神的人们发出警告。你们很可能要面对这件事情。那些已经感染了冠状病毒的人们，生病的人们，考虑要接受疫苗试验的人们，要坚定持守你对耶稣基督的信仰，相信圣经，拒绝疫苗和兽印。这是从耶稣而来的强烈警告！而且我已经得到了多个印证，我非常清楚，他们要对我们做什么！\n请将此警告，尽可能多地传播出去！愿神祝福你！\n——-\n在此影片下方有說明\n內容如下：\n（可自行用網路翻譯下文）\n\nID2020\nhttps://id2020.org/alliance\n\nhttps://www.nowtheendbegins.com/big-pharma-microsoft-silicon-valley-id2020-alliance-combine-vaccinations-with-implantable-microchip-digital-id-mark-beast-end-times/\n\nVACCINE plus MICROCHIP\nhttps://principia-scientific.org/id2020-alliance-will-combine-vaccinations-implantable-id-microchips/\n\nUS COMPANIES RACE TO TEST CORONA VIRUS VACCINE\nhttps://www.cnn.com/2020/02/27/investing/coronavirus-vaccine/index.html\n\nUS VACCINE TRIALS\nhttps://www.cnbc.com/amp/2020/02/25/us-health-officials-say-human-trials-on-coronavirus-vaccine-to-start-in-6-weeks.html\n"],["id","2ova5eb307l8a"],["createdAt","2020-02-29T17:32:42.298Z"]]}],["reply",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","fmI82G8Bd3n3h-WY3-mA"],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","AVqVwjqQyrDaTqlmmp_a"],["name","MrOrz"],["avatarUrl","https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/108608?s=100"],["level",18]]}],["type","OPINIONATED"],["text","這是反疫苗的陰謀論。\n\n古彥男醫師以古今中外案例表示，當疫苗接種率過低，會造成 (1) 傳染病爆發、 (2) 疫苗預算下修而導致藥廠不賣、疫苗短缺、(3) 增加病毒變異機會、(4) 醫療需求壓垮醫療系統。因此，不接種疫苗不只是影響個人，其後果是全國人民共同承擔。\n\n聯合國也譴責這些反疫苗接種的訊息，已經造成了海島國家麻疹的惡化；聯合國兒童基金會表示，這類在推特、臉書、Instagram 等網路平台上的反疫苗言論「極不負責任」。"],["reference","2016/10/25 如果大家都不打疫苗－流感疫情揭露的醜陋真相\nhttp://yennanku.blogspot.com/2016/10/blog-post.html\n\n2019/12/6 聯合國：反疫苗運動助長薩摩亞麻疹疫情惡化\nhttps://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/201912060005.aspx"],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","如果大家都不打疫苗－流感疫情揭露的醜陋真相 | 古彥男醫師｜兒科醫師的分享室"],["url","http://yennanku.blogspot.com/2016/10/blog-post.html"],["summary","作者：古彥男醫師\n\n病毒的全境擴散\n\n2011 年上映的電影『全境擴散』，是身為醫護人員的我看過最寫實也最貼近我們生活的傳染病電影。片中有包括麥特戴蒙、葛妮絲派特蘿、凱特溫絲蕾，以及裘德洛等好萊塢巨星，但電影本身想表達給觀眾的內容，並沒有因為演員的星光熠熠而顯得黯淡（不過評價兩極，很多人覺得劇情過於沉悶而看到睡著）。\n\n故事描述著一種病毒，在蝙蝠跟豬之間交互傳染後產生了變異，對人的傳染力大增，迅速造成了全球的大流行以及節節高升的死亡人數。電影中對於政府官員、醫護人員、平民百姓，以及先進與落後國家的社會，面對來勢洶洶的疫情的各種反應，有深刻的刻劃。\n\n\n其實這部電影主要是根據 2003 年令全球陷入恐慌的 SARS 疫情改編而成，電影中病毒的變異模式與散播途徑，也跟我們熟悉的流感病毒十分相像......\n接種率最低的公費疫苗\n\n\n\n對台灣的民眾來說，我們擁有方便就醫的醫療環境，醫療費用也非常便宜，近幾年來一些原本很昂貴的自費疫苗，也慢慢被列入公費施打的計畫之中（如肺炎鏈球菌疫苗）。然而在眾多高接種率的公費疫苗中，流感疫苗的接種率可說是一枝獨秀的低。\n\n由於流感病毒變異的速度快，每年流行的病毒株都不一樣，世界衛生組織只能預測每一年度可能流行的病毒株，以此製作成疫苗。這樣會產生兩個讓大家不想接種疫苗的原因：一是每年都必須接種，無法注射一兩劑後就有長久的保護力；二是萬一預測錯誤，挨了針最後還是得了流感，許多人在情感上無法接受。\n\n再加上媒體對流感疫苗不良反應個案的重點報導，以及對 2009 年 H1N1 流感疫苗安全性的質疑，導致台灣近幾年的接種率幾乎都是在谷底徘徊。\n\n\n\n\n\n\n根據民國 104 年疾病管制署的統計資料，符合公費疫苗接種的對象，其接種率不到五成，如果放大到全國人口來看，接種率甚至連兩成都不到。當大家因為擔心疫苗的不良反應選擇不接種，且因為短期內沒有重大疫情發生而漸漸忘記傳染病的恐怖時，就在同一年，流感病毒給台灣的民眾與醫療系統帶來了沉重的負擔......\n不接種疫苗的結果－全國人民共同承擔\n\n\n\n\n\n我們可以看到，從 2011 年之後，流感病毒在台灣並沒有造成太重大的疫情。然而這不代表危機不在我們身邊－就在 2015 年 (民國 104 年)，流感病毒讓我們體驗到，傳染病的傳播與爆發，可以在短短的幾個月內，造成重症病例數破千，死亡人數破百！而且根據統計，95% 以上流感重症患者未接種疫苗！\n\n你覺得這只是單一年度或單一疾病的狀況，不代表每一年的疫情或其他傳染病？你覺得等到疫情要升溫了再接種也不遲？還是你覺得自己身強體壯，不怕傳染病侵襲，就算染病了在台灣這種便宜又方便的醫療環境也不怕沒得醫？\n\n讓我來告訴你甚麼是『醜陋的真相』。\n\n真相一：疫苗接種率過低，造成傳染病爆發，中外皆然。\n\n除了上述台灣的流感疫情，歐美國家早發生過更為知名的狀況。 1998 年一位英國醫師發表了一篇論文，內容指出接種三合一疫苗（麻疹、腮腺炎、德國麻疹）會造成小孩自閉症的發生率上升，雖然該論文最後被證實是假造的無稽之談，但仍造成歐美國家興起一股反疫苗運動，三合一疫苗的接種率更是逐年下降。\n\n疫苗接種率過低的結果永遠只有一個：傳染病的爆發。英國從 2000 年開始感染麻疹的人數逐漸上升，到現在仍是麻疹流行地區；美國曾經在 2000 年宣布麻疹病毒已在其境內絕跡，結果在 2014~2015 年加州爆發大流行。\n\n那你說台灣安全嗎？如果你的小孩有接種疫苗，那大可放心，但如果沒有怎麼辦？那就不要出國、不要去機場、不要坐高鐵、不要坐捷運、不要......\n\n\n真相二：你不打疫苗，政府下修預算，藥廠寧願不賣。\n\n由於疫苗這種生物製劑，在運輸及保存上的要求相當高，也有一定的保存期限，此外如流感疫苗，其內含的病毒株每年不一樣，今年的疫苗無法留到隔年再使用。當政府買得太多會增加運輸及保存的成本，用不完而過期的疫苗更是浪費已經捉襟見肘的疫苗預算。\n\n因此衛服部疾管署會根據各種公費疫苗施打的比率，以及未來需要接種的人口數，來編列預算。當施打人數下降時，預算金額就可能會下修，如果剛好遇到購買數量下降而需求又突然暴增，就會發生有人打不到疫苗的狀況（2015 年流感疫情爆發後，一直到隔年三月都還有家屬帶小孩來打早就用完的疫苗）。\n\n再來是台灣的市場跟歐美等大國比已經很小了，如果政府購買的數量一直在減少，我們又拿不出有力的購買價格跟別人競爭，最後就是落得疫苗搶輸人家，以及民眾有錢也打不到疫苗的後果。真相三：疫情升溫，病毒快速變異，補打疫苗也沒效。\n\n流感疫苗之所以每年都要接種才有效，就是因為流感病毒非常容易產生變異，讓我們的免疫系統無法在感染過後，或是接種一次疫苗後就能提供終身的保護力。\n\n病毒的變異從哪裡來？一個方式是當病毒在宿主體內大量複製時，本身的基因發生突變，另一個則是當同一個宿主（可以是人、豬、或是禽鳥類），體內有兩種以上的流感病毒時，不同的病毒間會互換基因，重組出一個新的病毒（如 2009 年的 H1N1）。這樣的變異都可以使我們的免疫系統與疫苗失效，造成大流行。\n\n因此當疫情升溫了，代表病毒在大量的傳播與複製，大大的增加了變異的機會，一旦產生變異，就算補打了本來有效的疫苗，也擋不住已經變身的病毒。所以先接種疫苗預防感染，不給病毒有大流行且變異的機會，才是最好的防治策略。真相四：醫療系統早已負擔沉重，疫情爆發醫院一床難求。\n\n當很多人因為健保的福利，以為醫療本來就是這麼便宜與便利時，台灣的醫療系統早就因為政策問題以及民眾的就醫習慣而負擔沉重，一旦因天災人禍或是傳染病流行，在短時間內造成大量的醫療需求，往往成為壓倒駱駝的最後一根稻草。\n\n從過去的八仙塵爆，以及流感疫情的爆發，各大醫學中心急診及加護病房都被塞爆，有的醫院兩度關閉急診，有的醫學中心重症病人多到連救命的葉克膜都不夠用，急診等住院病床的人數節節高升，醫護人員跟病人都叫苦連天。\n\n然而政府相關單位不僅連政策的調整不夠迅速，連對疫情的嚴重度還有醫療資源的分配都掌握不住，你還認為台灣的醫療在你生病的時候真能萬無一失？\n疫苗並不完美，但仍是預防疾病的有效方法\n\n我們知道有打疫苗不是每個人都會產生可以對抗疾病的抗體，我們也知道沒有疫苗可以百分之百不會有不良反應，然而疫苗從問世以來，也被證實是可以有效預防疾病，挽救許多生命的重要方法。當不良反應造成的損失大於預防疾病的利益時，這種疫苗就會被停止施打或是根本不會上市。\n\n在我們的社會中有許多人可能因為年紀太小、對疫苗有過敏反應、或是有其他禁忌症無法藉由接種疫苗獲得對疾病的保護力，他們也常常是傳染病造成重症的高風險群。如果我們接種疫苗的比率夠高，不僅獲得保護自己的抗體，同時也因為疾病不容易傳播而可以間接保護到這些容易被感染的族群。\n\n今年的公費流感疫苗已經開始施打，請問『你』會怎麼選擇呢？"],["topImageUrl","https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DYZ77tZgdWE/WAJSVTbVolI/AAAAAAAABnY/Q5S7SQ1Dz_Ahnkupi8xzzdP1bFvqbPuJQCLcB/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/vaccinedeniedtitlepicture.jpg"],["error",null]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","聯合國：反疫苗運動助長薩摩亞麻疹疫情惡化 | 國際 | 中央社 CNA"],["url","https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/201912060005.aspx"],["summary","（中央社威靈頓5日綜合外電報導）聯合國兒童基金會（UNICEF）太平洋島嶼負責人今天表示，社群媒體巨頭必須嚴厲取締反疫苗接種貼文，這些貼文助長薩摩亞（Samoa）致命麻疹疫情惡化。UNICEF地區代表耶特（Sheldon Yett）表示，推特（Twitter）、臉書（Facebook）和Instagram（IG）等網路平台上「極不負責任」的反疫苗接種訊息，加劇了薩摩亞爆發的麻疹疫情，自10月中旬以來已造成62人死亡。耶特告訴法新社：「很明顯地它們必需負起企業責任並展開行動，確保那些人民，特別是弱勢族群能獲得正確資訊，讓孩童得以存活。」在麻疹疫情爆發前，薩摩亞的疫苗接種率降至只剩略超過30%，遠低於公認最佳接種率90%，這也使得該海島國家極易受到感染。世界衛生組織（WHO）把矛頭指向反疫苗宣傳運動。耶特表示，這項運動主要是由海外倡議人士在網路上展開。「很不幸的是，這項運動在薩摩亞找到願意相信的民眾，那裡有一部分人懷疑醫療保健服務品質，且可能不信任當地（疫苗）供應者。」他說，來自諸如美國和澳洲等富裕已開發國家的運動人士，在網路上張貼反疫苗訊息，他們必須意識到自己的所作所為會對開發中國家帶來衝擊。他在薩摩亞首都阿庇亞（Apia）表示：「這對薩摩亞孩童來說可能形同死刑，因為當地除了低疫苗接種率，可能還面臨其他健康問題。」（實習編譯：趙珮宇/核稿：劉學源）1081205"],["topImageUrl","https://imgcdn.cna.com.tw/www/website/img/pic_fb.jpg"],["error",null]]}]}],["createdAt","2020-03-01T09:07:27.741Z"]]}]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["article",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",2],["user",null],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Edward M. Mautner Oral History"],["url","http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/NASA_HQ/Experts/MautnerEM/MautnerEM_3-22-12.htm"],["summary","NASA Johnson Space Center \n Oral History Project\n Edited Oral History Transcript\n Edward \n M. Mautner\n Interviewed by Jennifer Ross-Nazzal\n Chantilly, Virginia – 22 March 2012\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Today is March 22, 2012. This interview with Ed Mautner is being conducted \n at the [Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum] Steven Udvar-Hazy \n Center in Chantilly, Virginia, for the JSC Oral History Project. Interviewer \n is Jennifer Ross-Nazzal, assisted by Rebecca Wright. Thanks again \n for taking time out of your schedule.\n Mautner: \n You’re welcome, it’s my pleasure to do it.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n If you would, tell us about the state of [OV (orbiter vehicle)-101] \n Enterprise in 2003 before she was restored.\n Mautner: \n My familiarity with Enterprise was quite limited before I began work \n on it. When we received it, it had been stored both outdoors and in \n a non-climate-controlled hangar since the mid-80s, and a lot of deterioration \n of the surface coatings—the paint, the markings—had taken \n place. Woodpeckers had gotten up onto the vertical stabilizer and \n pecked a lot of holes into the polyurethane foam that they used as \n a mockup for tiles. I don’t recall the number of holes, but \n there were quite a few of them. \n And then just about every form of creature had made the Enterprise \n their habitat and playground. Birds had gotten into it; bugs had gotten \n into it. Hornets or wasps had made their little mud nests in the landing \n gear wells. They made it out of this beautiful red Virginia clay dirt \n that surrounds the area. In fact, when we started to clean them it \n almost seemed as if the aircraft was bleeding, the soil they made \n those nests out of was so red.\n It had basically suffered a lot of inattention. It hadn’t been \n cleaned or worked on to any great degree. I believe it was outside \n for about two years prior to them building the hangar for it, and \n it had been rained on. There were many ports of entries for water, \n and so water had pooled inside the bottom of the fuselage and it had \n left a lot of staining from dirt, waterlines, etc. and also had caused \n some minor pitting and corrosion. Nothing that would weaken the structure \n of the aircraft but certainly had caused some deterioration.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Tell us about that move, when you decided to move her from that hangar \n into this facility.\n Mautner: \n Until I walked in March 1st of 2004, I had never touched Enterprise \n and I had really nothing to do with it. I recall being in the hangar \n the day they moved it in, and just about all the employees who were \n out here took a break to watch them tug it down the tow way from the \n airport and into the building.\n What was noteworthy at the time was that they had cut a notch in the \n back wall of the space hangar in order to permit the vertical [stabilizer] \n to come through. It was the only way to get Enterprise into that building \n without taking the vertical off, which would have been a prohibitively \n difficult task. I came back the next day and the blanking plate had \n been restored as if the building had never changed at all, so that \n was pretty neat. It was a well-prepared move.\n That took place in the early fall of 2003, and while I was aware that \n it was in the building, it was sometime after January 2004 that I \n was notified that I would be working on it in preparation for the \n opening of the space hall [James S. McDonnell Space Hangar].\n Ross-Nazzal: \n What was your expertise prior to working on Enterprise? Were you working \n on aircraft restoration?\n Mautner: \n My background is—the British would describe it as checkered. \n I did a whole lot of things before I got directly involved in airplanes. \n I started out as a kid building model airplanes, and I never gave \n that up. I always built model airplanes, and I continue to do so. \n And I was always a museum rat, an airplane museum rat. Whenever we \n traveled, wherever we went, there was always a stop at an airplane \n museum somewhere.\n Somewhere around the late 80s, my wife and I had moved our children \n to southern California, and I began to volunteer in some aircraft \n museums out there. Planes of Fame in [Air Museum] Chino, and later \n at the Command Museum at U.S. Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, which \n was right in the town I lived in so it was convenient to work there. \n I started doing structures work.\n In January of 1989 I left a former career and made a great midlife \n career change whereby I wanted to work in an aircraft museum. I had \n enjoyed volunteering on Saturdays so much, I went to Cal [California] \n State University, San Bernardino, for a Museum Studies certificate \n program. My background was in auto mechanics, and I needed to create \n a resume to get into working on aircraft, especially in museums. I \n enjoyed it immensely but had a problem with the hours of class.\n By great good fortune, McDonnell Douglas [Corporation] was hiring \n mechanics in the summer of 1989. Actually they’d been hiring \n prior to that, but that’s when I found out. I went and I applied, \n and they hired me immediately because of my automotive experience. \n I became a structures mechanic on the C-17 [aircraft] program in Long \n Beach, California. That was my first real hands-on experience with \n real aircraft manufacturing.\n I worked at McDonnell Douglas from August of 1989 until June of 1994, \n when there were massive layoffs. They were losing their contracts \n for MD-80s [airliners], and the MD-11 [airliner] never took off. The \n C-17 was in a state of flux because Congress and the Air Force were \n at loggerheads, so I and tens of thousands of others were laid off \n during that year.\n Meanwhile I had gone from my certificate program at Cal State, San \n Bernardino, to a Master’s program at Cal State, Dominguez Hills \n in Historic Preservation. Because John [F.] McDonnell of the McDonnell \n Douglas Corporation was interested in an educated workforce, they \n paid for almost all of my Master’s program, everything but my \n research courses and my thesis. \n I had early on decided that my thesis was going to be in aircraft \n preservation at the National Air and Space Museum. I thought that \n they were the best. They were the ones that were writing about aircraft \n preservation, and I really wanted to write about how they did it, \n because that seemed to be the benchmark.\n In June of 1994 I was laid off, and I immediately contacted the museum \n to do an internship back here so that I could do further research \n for my thesis. In August and September of ’94 I did a 60-day \n volunteer internship. I was outside of their regular program, so there \n was no stipend; I just came in and volunteered. I worked in the restoration \n shop during the day until about 3:30 [p.m.]. I’d then go across \n the river, downtown to the main museum and I would work in the archives.\n The people in the archives—I don’t know why, I was a total \n stranger to them—they let me stay after hours. In fact, at five \n o’clock when they left, they issued me instructions on what \n lights to turn off and how to shut down the computers. I would stay \n there till 8:30 so I’d get all my research. I had one other \n paper and I had my thesis to do, so I spent almost every weekday night \n at the museum doing that.\n They said, “Stay in touch; we’re going to be hiring.” \n The hiring was going to ramp up for this facility, this new Udvar-Hazy \n Center, so I stayed in touch. Every month I contacted somebody associated \n with the restoration facility, and finally in 1997 they said, “Something’s \n going to happen. Get back here; be nearby.” So I stayed with \n relatives and I hung out and I volunteered, and finally in February \n of 1998 they hired me. They did it because I had the academic background, \n but I also had, from McDonnell Douglas and my volunteer efforts, the \n mechanical background as well. I was very fortunate that the timing \n worked out. \n My background is chiefly in aircraft structures, which would be the \n main metal pieces that form the basis of the aircraft upon which everything \n else is hung. After I get through with my work, then the hydraulics \n people and the fuel people and the electrical people and the power \n plant people take over.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n What sort of planes have you worked on since you began working here?\n Mautner: \n The first one that I started working on was a Japanese single-engine \n floatplane bomber, [the Aichi M6A1 Seiran]. It looks more like a fighter \n with floats, but it was in fact a strategic bomber that the Japanese \n designed to fold up into an 11-foot diameter circle and fit into the \n tube on a submarine. This submarine was an aircraft carrier, literally, \n and it carried three of these. Very significant aircraft, because \n it was designed to bomb the Panama Canal locks. \n The submarine was probably more technologically advanced than the \n aircraft. It was designed to go 27,000 miles without refueling, and \n they actually did have plans to use these small bombers to bomb New \n York [City, New York] and possibly even Boston [Massachusetts]. It \n was a metal airplane, and my sheet metal experience came to good use \n there. \n After that, they put me on a World War I bomber, a twin-engine fabric-and-wood \n bomber. That airplane was a Caudron G.4, a French bomber that the \n United States tested but never purchased. Because we had no combat \n aircraft in World War I, we had to go to the French and the British \n and the Italians. That was an excellent experience because that broadened \n out my sheet metal and structures experience to wood and fabric. That \n airplane is also currently on display here.\n The next aircraft is one I’m still working on. We have a limited \n number of people here, so we get shifted off of whatever project we’re \n on to take care of other things in the museum, such as creating a \n display or working on the Enterprise for nine months in 2004. From \n about 2000 until this year, I’m still working on a World War \n II German night fighter, the Heinkel 219, a huge metal twin-engine \n aircraft, where again my airframe and sheet metal experience has come \n into use.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Tell us what lessons you learned from working on those aircraft that \n you applied to the Enterprise.\n Mautner: \n In my case, precious few. It was a great departure from what we call \n restoration, where you actually have to fabricate or replicate or \n repair structural pieces of an aircraft. This was largely a massive \n clean-up and painting effort, so it falls under the role of preservation. \n That’s really our role here, preservation. Everybody talks about \n restoration, but restoration is the court of last resort when everything \n has pretty much gone to pot and needs to be drastically repaired or \n replaced.\n What we did on Enterprise fell under the heading of preservation, \n but we called it a refurbishment because we didn’t do anything \n to repair it. It was still considered to be NASA’s aircraft, \n and it came to us in such good structural condition that there really \n was nothing to repair on it except for the paint work.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Would you tell us about working with NASA and USA [United Space Alliance] \n on this project? I understand they were involved.\n Mautner: \n Yes, they were. When we first began on March 1, 2004, we were pretty \n much on our own. There were just three of us: myself, Anne [C.] McCombs, \n and Steve Kautner. We walked into this big empty hangar. The only \n thing that was in it at the time was Enterprise, and it didn’t \n even have a barrier around it because the public wasn’t allowed \n in that building yet. We just kind of stood there and wondered, “Where \n the heck are we going to start on this thing?” \n We had no high-lift equipment—all we had access to were ladders—so \n we decided to start working on the landing gear. We had no contact \n with NASA outside of certain parameters that they gave us in cleaning \n and painting it, that we were given by the curator, Valerie Neal. \n Without anything else but ourselves, we began the cleaning process \n at the lowest part of the Space Shuttle, areas that were accessible \n initially to us.\n Our experience with NASA and USA came a little bit later, and [their] \n big project was the removal of all of the cockpit windscreens, the \n front ones. I believe that there were three panels in them, and there \n were some engineering discussions as to whether they could get away \n with just two panels. The challenge for us was to provide them with \n the platforms to get up there and work off of. \n Anne and I were involved, and at that point we had a lot of mechanics \n from United Airlines [Inc.] come in to assist us. Their bosses permitted \n them to give us some high-lift platforms that were attached to trucks. \n We could maneuver a truck in and then raise a platform and extend \n it out over the nose of Enterprise in order for the USA guys to remove \n those windshields. The other problem was these windscreens were very, \n very heavy. They required quite a bit of effort to crane off of the \n Shuttle.\n At that point, I began to get to meet some of the guys, most specifically \n from USA. One of them was a fellow named Tom [Thomas W.] Roberts, \n and Tom’s my friend now. He was back here for the last visit. \n There were several other mechanics that came up from KSC [NASA Kennedy \n Space Center, Florida] who I would count as really good acquaintances, \n friends, who we worked with. Got to meet Kevin [C.] Templin. He was \n always there, very personable fellow, and always a go-to guy for information \n and leadership. \n Whenever they came back, we dropped what we were doing and became \n assistants to them, to the point where in this last visit we were \n almost considered more one of their group than as a separate entity, \n which was kind of neat. The things I saw from everybody in NASA and \n USA was enthusiasm, expertise, positive attitude, and great great \n teamwork. The first thing we noticed is how well they worked as a \n team. \n Many times we didn’t know that these guys had never worked together \n before, and yet it was a seamless effort. You got to talking to them, \n you got to know them, and you realized, this guy never worked on the \n back end of the aircraft. He always worked on the front and didn’t \n even know the guys that they were working with. That was inspiring \n to us to see that kind of effort that they used to put in.\n Some of my recollection of my efforts with NASA and USA get a little \n bit confused, because some of their efforts were during that nine-month \n period when we worked on preparing Enterprise for the opening of the \n space hangar, but several of them came later. They would ask Anne \n or myself or others from the previous team to come back and assist \n them. I believe that the windshield effort was made during that nine \n months we were there, but our other efforts with them came later, \n so they’d be outside the parameters of my work on the Enterprise.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n I also read that you had to replace the OMS [orbital maneuvering system] \n pods because they had rotted.\n Mautner: \n Yes, we did. One of the first things we did was to remove those. Tony \n [Anthony W.] Carp was the team lead for the lifting of the OMS pods. \n They were a large aluminum plate that mated up to the surface of the \n Shuttle, but everything above that aluminum plate was basically wood. \n Plywood flooring, then 2 x 4 and 4 x 4 framework, and then they put \n a fiberglass cover over the top of that.\n We discovered how weak the structure was when we started to tighten \n up the fittings for the lifting rings. We’d gotten a guy inside \n to tighten the nuts up inside because they seemed loose, and he kept \n tightening and tightening and tightening. We suddenly realized that \n wood was so soft from moisture that he was just tightening the nut \n and the washer right into the wood. We had to be very, very careful \n lifting those OMS pods off.\n The OMS pods were never planned to be on the Shuttle when the space \n hall opened. That was something that we were going to install later, \n so our job now was to focus just on the Shuttle, and guys back in \n the shop worked on the OMS pods.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Are they on there now, have they been replaced?\n Mautner: \n They were put on I think in 2005, 2006 time range, and before the \n last visit to get Enterprise ready we removed them. They’re \n out in the shop, on the floor. The guys from USA put the ALTA [Approach \n and Landing Test Article] pods on. Those are the travel pods. They \n look like OMS pods, but they’re real metal. They’re real \n structural, flightworthy, and the tail cone fits up to those components.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Tell us about cleaning and painting the vehicle. That sounded like \n a very large chore.\n Mautner: \n Yes, it really was. I started on March 1st to clean the right main \n landing gear bay and ultimately the landing gear and tires. Steve \n Kautner took the left bay and did the same, and Anne McCombs worked \n on the nose gear and the nose gear bay. It wasn’t until March \n 22nd that Tony [Carp] came on the team, and his job was to clean the \n entire vertical surface with the ultimate purpose of coring or filling \n the holes that the woodpeckers had made.\n Somebody might at this point ask, why would woodpeckers go after polyurethane \n foam? The explanation we got—I’m not an ornithologist—is \n that woodpeckers make the noise they do as a mating call, not just \n to get to bugs inside of the tree. Once they got through that polyurethane \n foam, they were banging on an aluminum surface. It made quite a noise, \n and it was far-reaching. There were about 75 holes ranging from very \n small, smaller than your pinky, to much bigger than your thumb. \n We were using, on NASA’s recommendation, Amway LOC [liquid organic \n cleaner] cut, one part LOC to ten parts water, to wash everything. \n It’s a mild organic detergent, and it’s biodegradable. \n This was what USA used, so this was what we used. And this is where, \n in the wheel wells, I found most of the hornet nests. Once you got \n the water into them they just started running down the beautiful epoxy \n white paint panels inside.\n At that point, once Steve had finished his wheel well, he started \n working on the bottom. He started up at the nose where he could reach, \n because you couldn’t get a ladder under there. He’s all \n scrunched up, just scrubbing away—and he was a bear of a guy. \n He had a lot of strength, and he just kept working down the bottom \n of the aircraft, all of the black-painted area of the aircraft. \n At that point we started using some lift equipment, JLG [Industries, \n Inc.] lifts and scissor lifts, to get up on the wing. We began cleaning \n the wing while Tony is cleaning the vertical, and we did this day \n after day after day. Then sometime in the summer, I believe in July, \n we began prepping the center fuselage for paint. The center fuselage \n does not have polyurethane foam on it, and that center fuselage extends \n from just behind the cockpit to back underneath the OMS pods. We also \n had to clean the payload bay doors. At this point we finally were \n able to get scaffolding in. We had a local company contracted to put \n scaffolding all up the sides and then bridge the top of the Shuttle. \n \n This is where things kind of got interesting. Initially it was doing \n just a lot of sanding on the side. Apparently the aircraft had been \n painted with aerospace quality polyurethane or epoxy paint and primer, \n but when it went on tour in 1984 it had started to look a little bit \n secondhand. They used a latex house paint to give it a quick repaint \n to make it appear better at the [New Orleans, Louisiana] World’s \n Fair here in the United States, and then they went to the Paris Air \n Show with it. This was all prior to delivering it to us.\n This paint over the years had become very brittle and very hard and \n would be quite a challenge to remove. Taking it off the sides was \n pretty easy. We were able to use electric sanders or pneumatic sanding \n devices, hand-held devices, and literally sand all of that down to \n the original paint. The sanding gave the surface a real good surface \n for paint to adhere to once we finished it and cleaned it up, but \n the real challenge came with the payload bay doors. We were instructed \n by NASA to not use any metal tools, any caustic chemicals, or any \n abrasives to remove the paint.\n We got up there, and they thought it would be really easy because \n a lot of the paint on the payload bay doors had flaked off, and some \n of it was literally sitting up. They said, “Just use duct tape \n and press it down real hard and pull it off, and that paint will pull \n up.” Well, that didn’t work at all. \n All of our communications with them were through Valerie Neal, the \n curator. The other thing we weren’t supposed to use was heat, \n so we went to Valerie and said, “The duct tape just isn’t \n cutting it.” They said, “Use plexiglas scrapers.” \n Plexiglas is a real hard plastic. We would cut up sections of it, \n rectangles of it, and then make a sharp edge at one end with a grinding \n wheel. That wasn’t cutting it either.\n One day I’m sitting on the scaffolding, trying to get this stuff \n off, and I see to my left this movement from about chest height over \n the curvature of the door. I look over, and it’s Steve Kautner \n with a metal scraper and a heat gun. I’m going, “Steve, \n what are you doing?” He goes, “This is the only way it’s \n coming off.” I said, “Okay, stop. Let’s talk about \n this.” \n We went back to our conservator, and I asked him, “Do you have \n a surface temperature gauge?” We went back and attached this \n temperature surface gauge to the area that we were putting the heat \n on, and we got some heat parameters. We were getting heat in the range \n of about 175 degrees [Fahrenheit] if we kept the heat gun moving, \n so we went back to NASA and they said, “Okay, you can do that, \n but no temperatures over 200,” or 250.\n All of a sudden this became easy, but we now found out very quickly \n why they didn’t want heat up there. The doors are made of carbon \n graphite, or carbon–carbon. It’s skinned with an almost \n aluminum-foil thickness coating of aluminum. It’s not like sheet \n metal, it’s more like a foil, and if you left the heat on there \n too much it would blister. We got a couple of thumb-sized blisters; \n we damaged the door. This concerned us, and we kept talking to each \n other. We’d just make sure we’d keep that heat gun moving \n and don’t overheat one spot.\n It became very evident very quickly why they didn’t want heat \n up there. They had done the same thing at some time in the past, only \n their blisters were much bigger than ours. That told us a) it’s \n been done this way before, and b) there’s a repair for it. We \n did make a few more blisters, an inevitable result of what we were \n doing, but we knew that if they needed those doors, they could be \n made flightworthy. \n Then, because there was still a lot of paint residue clinging to the \n surface, we got down and used acetone. We were all garbed up with \n double-canister air masks. There’s terrific pictures of us all \n down on our hands and knees on the door, all tied off because we’re \n high up on the top of the Shuttle, scrubbing with Scotch-Brite scrubbers \n and acetone to get the surface completely clean and ready for paint.\n That was another thing they told us, “You can’t stand \n on the doors.” So we had these four bridges across, and we’re \n all leaning off these bridges and working off of them. Again, Steve \n Kautner’s the first one to step off right on the doors. There’s \n no other way to get out there, there was no way. I said, “Okay, \n stop. Let’s talk this over.” We went down inside the Shuttle, \n and we looked up at the doors and we could see the latching system. \n \n We knew that those doors in zero gravity could open without any support, \n but we knew that they had big supports on them when they opened them \n in the hangar down in KSC. We looked at those supports, and we looked \n at how the doors fit together. It’s built like a bridge as long \n as they’re closed and locked, so four, five, six of us all were \n out on our hands and knees on the doors, scrubbing away to get the \n last residue and make a really good surface for paint.\n That brings up another aspect for me. I couldn’t wait every \n single day to come in. I’m not a space guy, I’m an airplane \n guy. In truth, the Shuttle is probably more like an aircraft than \n a spacecraft, and that one [Enterprise] never did go into space so \n it really was just an aircraft. I never followed space, I never got \n excited about it, but I got excited by this project. I couldn’t \n wait to get in every single day. Every day was interesting and exciting, \n and we were making progress—slow—but we were making progress. \n \n When they put the scaffolding up in July, we now had to climb this \n scaffolding. We had our harnesses on and we had our tethers, but we \n couldn’t tether off anywhere on the way up. We’re climbing \n 30, 35, almost 40 feet in the air every morning, every break time, \n every time you had to leave, and then when we got up there we would \n tie off and secure ourselves. But that little element of danger made \n it exciting, and we talked about that a lot too.\n We had two injuries, but only one on Enterprise. One of our guys did \n abrade his hand, but working on something else while we were out there, \n nothing to do with the Shuttle. One injury, very minor, on the Shuttle. \n One of our members fell off the payload bay doors, but he was tethered \n and it stopped him, and all he did was bang up his knee. I think we \n lost him one day, but that was it. The fact that we talked almost \n every day about the safety issue, that he was tethered off—we \n didn’t have more issues. \n The other thing that made it interesting and fun is that we were on \n this huge, very obvious artifact in the middle of this totally empty \n hall, and the public could come in to the front of the hall—there’s \n an overlook up above—and watch us. I think the element of being \n on stage made it exciting and interesting, too.\n There were some stresses. We always seemed short of personnel. At \n one point I realized there were a whole bunch of guys working on the \n OMS pods, and I had to convince my management that the OMS pods aren’t \n needed by October 19th, but the Shuttle is, so can I have more guys? \n And I got more guys.\n Once we had sanded down the sides and had removed the paint from the \n doors, it was time for a final prep and primer and paint. We had four \n guys do that, and we had a couple of issues that we had to deal with. \n One, it had to be an aerospace quality paint. PPG, Pittsburgh Paint \n and Glass, has always supplied us with our paint system that we’ve \n used exclusively for 20 years back at the [Paul E.] Garber [Preservation, \n Restoration, and Storage Facility, Suitland, Maryland], our restoration \n shop. Dave Wilson got in touch with them, and they turned him over \n to their aerospace division. They donated what amounted to about $15,000 \n worth of white polyurethane aerospace paint and primer.\n Our next challenge was we could not spray in the building because \n the building had an open port, and some of the ventilation systems \n functioned with the aircraft hangar. Also, the filters in the ventilation \n system would get clogged up with any paint residue and dust, so we \n had to either brush or roll it. Dave talked with the people from PPG, \n and they had an additive that allowed the paint to flow so that it \n would not appear to be rolled-out paint. It wouldn’t be textured, \n it would be nice and smooth.\n We got the paint on September 17th—keeping in mind that this \n hall is supposed to open on October 19th of 2004. They had to rest \n assured that all the fumes would have dissipated by 10 o’clock \n opening the next day, so we painted at night. It was Tony, Dave, myself, \n and a fellow by the name of Bob Weihrauch who did it. We would come \n in, and that hall was completely black except for the Klieg lights \n that we worked under. We rolled out the primer, and then we rolled \n out the white. [We rolled out two coats of primer and two coats of \n white.]\n I love working here at night because there’s no people here, \n the lighting is all dim, and it’s like going into a great cathedral \n at night when nobody’s around. It’s just beautiful. It’s \n quiet. You’ve got all these objects that you love, many of which \n you’ve worked on, and there’s just a neat thing about \n working here at night. We had a really good time. We had a really \n good crew. I don’t recollect ever having any arguments or disagreements \n or problems, we just really had a good time.\n One outstanding recollection is this facility is used by organizations—police \n organizations, FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation], the MWAA, Metropolitan \n Washington Airport Authority. They have their own SWAT [special weapons \n and tactics] team and security forces. They do a lot of work in here \n at night, but we didn’t know that. One night three of us are \n up on this scaffolding, and Dave Wilson is on a scissor lift bringing \n paint up to us, and all the sudden there’s movement in the hangar. \n \n Keep in mind that outside of this cone of light that we’re in, \n everything’s dark out there, but there’s movement. We \n look down, and there’s 20 or 30 guys in black helmets, black \n outfits carrying guns, and they’re swarming like ants through \n our hangar. Well, I immediately was not concerned because none of \n them are looking at us or pointing the gun at us. We’re in white \n bunny suits, paper coveralls, and the Klieg lights are on us. We’re \n out there, very obvious.\n One guy kind of moved up to Dave, and he goes, “Have you seen \n her?” And Dave goes, “Seen who?” He goes, “Have \n you seen her?” and then he had to move, because you’re \n not supposed to look for hints. Apparently they were on an exercise, \n and one of their supervisors came in two hours ahead of time and hid \n herself somewhere in the museum, and they had to find her. Nobody \n told us; our security had not advised us that this was going to happen. \n \n Another time, during the day, I was working on the Shuttle and nobody \n else was around. Security came up to me and said, “We have a \n congressman or a senator here with his daughter back from college, \n and he’s got his office manager and his security detail. Would \n you come down and talk to them?” So I walk inside of this circle \n of Secret Service people, and they’ve got their radios and they \n all look very, very official, and I started to talk to them. I said, \n “What state do you represent, sir?” He goes, “Oh, \n one of your neighbors.” Meanwhile, his handler, his office guy, \n did all the talking. \n I went back that night and I looked all over the Internet for our \n neighboring senators and congressmen, and I did not find him—because \n you can get the photos of all of them. I went back to security the \n next day and I said, “What was that all about?” He says, \n “Oh, it’s just a test.” It was Secret Service in \n a practice run, and these guys were just members of the Secret Service \n that were playing a role to make it seem realistic. There are a lot \n of activities that go on here that are very interesting. But again, \n I was not forewarned of that. \n The other two events that were really interesting—Joe [H.] Engle, \n one of the test pilots for Enterprise, came back and spent a day with \n us. He is just a prince of a guy, just a super guy. We got to tour \n him around and show him what we were doing, and he was just the friendliest \n guy and was very very grateful to us restoring “his” bird \n back to its original condition. A couple weeks later, we all got an \n 8 x 10 of him standing by Enterprise out at Palmdale [California] \n back in’77, ’78, with a beautiful handwritten note and \n one of the original patches from his missions. It was just neat, a \n neat thing. \n The other very very interesting visitor to us was Colonel Pamela Ann \n Melroy. She’s a two mission pilot and one mission command pilot \n [commander]. She was also on the Columbia [STS-107 accident] investigation \n team, and she led the cockpit reconstruction area. My recollection, \n she was about five-foot-five, five-foot-six. I immediately made a \n connection, because she was a test pilot on the C-17 program. As I \n had worked on it, we had some things to talk about. \n I got to tour her around, and the thing I recollect so well is that \n she made a comment when we were in the cockpit. The cockpit of Enterprise \n is for the most part empty. The dashboard is there, but there’s \n only about three instruments, and they’re all old analog instruments. \n The seats are not there. She looked at that dashboard and marveled \n at the fact that it was the first time she’d seen one in a long \n time that wasn’t bits and pieces, because she had been looking \n and reviewing and trying to reassemble pieces of Columbia’s \n instrument panel.\n This diminutive colonel in the Air Force—always at the end the \n photographer comes in and takes a picture of us with the VIP [very \n important person]. Anne and I were there at that time, and we’re \n all standing off to the side, a foot away or something. She says, \n “Hey, we’ve been together all day. Come here!” She \n pulled us in right next to her to take the picture. We also got an \n 8x10 from her, signed, with a thank you and mission patches. Those \n are two of my favorite treasures from that whole time there. \n Ross-Nazzal: \n Nice recollections of that time period. \n Mautner: \n Yes, it really was. We got it done. Everything seemed late—getting \n personnel, the scaffolding came late, the paint came late—but \n we got it done. We got it done on October 18th, and October 19th was \n the day the media and the museum VIPs and everybody showed up to see \n it. It was a moment of pride because it really looked good. \n Tony and I stayed after October 19th. Tony had some more work up on \n the vertical to do, and the one area that we hadn’t really addressed \n was the propulsion bay. I would work in the propulsion bay; he’d \n work up top. We did this at night because the gallery was open to \n the public, so we did a lot of night work from October until we went \n away on Christmas vacation.\n Most of cleanup in the propulsion bay—there was some FOD [Foreign \n Object Debris], there was old hardware. It went back to when it was \n delivered to us. There were some sections of insulating aluminum, \n nuts, bolts, washers, things like that. A lot of water had been back \n there, and the floor panel structure was a huge, thick piece of aluminum \n that they had milled out to look almost like a waffle. The floor looked \n like a large waffle pattern, so there’s all these thousands \n of little pockets that had held water, and I had to clean them.\n We had some nights where we had events, and the events usually allowed \n people to roam into the space hangar, so I would take my knapsack \n and my coffee and my lunch, my snacks, up into the propulsion bay. \n Something you don’t normally do around artifacts, but I didn’t \n think I could come out because of the events they had going on. I’d \n stay up there for eight hours. Well, there’d be a potty break.\n We finished before our Christmas break, and then both of us reported \n back to the Garber Facility the first week in January 2005. It was \n rewarding every day, but they also rewarded our team with the Museum’s \n Peer Award. The [museum] gives two Peer Awards every year, and the \n Enterprise Preservation Team was awarded [one of them] for 2004. It \n was a great experience.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n What are you working on now that Enterprise is getting ready to take \n a new journey in its history to go to the Intrepid [Sea, Air & \n Space Museum in New York City]? Are you working on that?\n Mautner: \n I did work on it. I don’t know what my role will be in April \n when they come back, but the whole month of February I was assigned \n out here, along with Anne and one or two other folks, to escort NASA, \n USA, and some folks from [the] Boeing [Company]. “Escort” \n has a kind of static sound to it. We were essentially here to open \n doors that they couldn’t get into, including getting to the \n restrooms, and we were able to get them discounts in our shop and \n at McDonalds. \n And then pretty soon it was, “Oh my gosh. We don’t have \n this; do you have this tool?” So we’re running for tools. \n Later, as our professional relationship evolved, we were forklifting \n equipment for them. They had forklifts, but we were able to help them \n with that. We had a JLG man lift that we were able to take them and \n some of their equipment up to different places on the Shuttle, and \n also on the tail cone, which they assembled right out here in this \n shop. As to my role when they come back on the 19th, I have not been \n told what that is yet. I hope [I] do, I have some friends I’d \n like to hang out with again.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Are you preparing in any way to accept [OV-103] Discovery, or are \n you primarily working with the Enterprise?\n Mautner: \n I’m not. My responsibility is to work on this German night fighter. \n We still have a wing to complete. The airframe fuselage is out in \n the museum right here now, but the wing has to be done and a lot of \n other details. Between escort duties and whatnot, I’m working \n on that. We’re told that with everything else that’s going \n on, we’re going to be moving our shop from Maryland out here. \n I don’t know how that’s going to work out with the Discovery–Enterprise \n exchange, that’s yet to be determined.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n It must have been rewarding to receive that from your peers, that’s \n wonderful.\n Mautner: \n Very, yes. I think Valerie Neal, former NASA and our curator, was \n probably instrumental in getting that for us. It was pretty neat.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Rebecca, did you have any questions for Ed?\n Wright: \n Just one, and I think you might have already answered it. Did you \n ever come back and do anything else with Enterprise?\n Mautner: \n I have once or twice, but it was generally just escort duty. Those \n were times where it was just sit around and wait for whatever the \n folks, predominately USA, needed. I did come back, and we did reinstall \n the OMS pods. That was pretty much the original team again that did \n that, and we brought a couple of other people in to assist because \n you need spotters and tag line holders. \n Wright: \n You mentioned that you would escort for whatever they needed. What \n were the types of things that they would be coming back for?\n Mautner: \n Every time USA came here, they had a lot of supplies. Rather than \n transport them back, they would leave them out and we would store \n them in our barn, which is out in the back corner of the property. \n So the first thing we’d have to do is get their supplies, and \n that ran anywhere from tape to paints to epoxy glues.\n Recently, within the past year, they came back and we took them up \n on a JLG man lift. They did the work, and I would just maneuver it \n around to a position that helped them. Like I said, “escort” \n sounds very static, and sometimes it is, but a lot of times there’s \n a dynamic component, which is the most fun of all. That’s how \n you get to know these guys and get to see what they do.\n Wright: \n Were they doing types of restoration themselves?\n Mautner: \n Yes, about last April they came back to begin the process of making \n Enterprise airworthy. That involved making an assessment of all systems, \n and they also did the [landing gear] retracts. The main job was to \n get the hydraulic system working so they could retract the landing \n gear. Part of our position as escort was to shut down areas of that \n hall to keep the public away, because the machine, what they call \n the mule, fires up the hydraulics system, makes a lot of noise. Also \n there’s part of the retract that there’s noise involved \n as well.\n We did a lot of work stanchioning off. Moving stanchions back, and \n then when it was all done, moving the stanchions closer. We were trying \n to do this juggle between making sure people were safe and USA had \n enough room to work in, and also still keeping the hall open to the \n public. Our whole purpose is to let them get as close to this stuff \n as we can.\n There were a couple of times where, yes, it was pretty static, but \n other times we were pretty involved in helping them. And everything \n back here is secured. You can’t get into the restrooms without \n our badge, so we were escorting to the restrooms. Eventually, and \n especially in this last trip in February where they did the final \n preparation for flight, the security office provided them with badges \n that allowed them to open all the things they had to get into. They \n had the same access employees had. \n I think that speaks of the type of relationship that we’ve always \n felt we had with NASA, that they weren’t an alien organization \n that comes in and invades our space but rather cohorts, colleagues \n that we feel—not exactly one with, our roles are different—but \n certainly very good friends with.\n Wright: \n Is this a very unique exhibit here compared to all the rest? Do you \n have any other kind of associations with other groups that come in \n and work on their planes?\n Mautner: \n No, there’s no other organization that has the relationship \n that NASA has with us. I think that’s historically because we’ve \n been the repository of first choice for NASA, but also because Valerie \n Neal, who came from NASA, has maintained a very, very good relationship \n with all the leadership there. It’s been a very collegial relationship \n from the very beginning. Because of that, your relationship personally \n to these people is much more relaxed, so it’s much much easier \n to make friends. I have a couple buddies that I email once in a while \n back at the Cape [Canaveral, Florida]. It’s a good relationship.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Any other last thoughts? \n Mautner: \n I think I’ve covered the important aspects of my relationship \n with the Shuttle Enterprise and with the folks from NASA and USA. \n We had a good team. I think it was kind of neat because management \n left us alone; they left us to make a lot of our own decisions. Everybody \n worked with the goal in mind, and we reached the goal. We finished \n Enterprise, it really looks beautiful. It took us nine months to get \n it in the shape that it’s in right now, and I have to say I \n am quite proud of how it came out. \n I do recollect one of the stories that I’ll tell you. When we \n began to strip all the paint off, we traced all of the markings—the \n NASA worm, the “United States” on the side, the “Enterprise” \n itself—so that after we painted it we could restore those. We \n noted and photographed the fact that these had been hand-brushed. \n Somebody had done a stencil, and then they hand-brushed in the black \n color. As we began to strip the aircraft, we realized that there were \n other markings, other NASA worms and another “Enterprise” \n and another “United States” underneath that exterior coat \n of latex house paint. \n We traced those as well, and at that point the curator had to make \n a decision. Are we going to restore it to when it was originally painted \n and lettered, or are we going to paint it as it was presented to us \n in 1985? The decision was made to paint it as it was delivered to \n us. Those letters were all in black, and the letters we found underneath \n were in lighter shades of dark gray. \n At the time that we traced them back on the aircraft, the question \n was asked, “Well, who feels comfortable painting them back on?” \n I mean, none of us are professional sign painters. Out of the five \n of us there, four chose to do it. So what you’ll see out there \n is our hand-lettered letters, and they are letter perfect. They came \n out really, really well. Three employees and one volunteer painted \n them all in. That too raised our level of pride and involvement and \n attachment to the Enterprise. \n I have mixed feelings about it going. On the one hand, it’s \n very important for us to have an orbiter, and Discovery is a much \n more significant vehicle to have in our collection, so I’m happy \n about that. On the other hand, all of our handwork is being sent off \n to somebody else. I’m not going to lose sleep over it, but I \n will think, how are they taking care of it? Is that beautiful paint \n job still squeaky clean and nice, and are all those tiles in good \n condition? So yes, I am concerned to some degree at it going off to \n other hands.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Any plans to go to New York and see her once she’s in her permanent \n location?\n Mautner: \n No plans at this time, no.\n Wright: \n And will you be working on Discovery when it comes?\n Mautner: \n We’re not going to touch Discovery. This is another aspect that’s \n pretty neat about getting Discovery. The ideal airplane or spacecraft \n to get into our collection is the one that just went on its last mission. \n If we could get a Boeing B-17 [aircraft] that flew a mission from \n England in August or September of 1944, and then was transferred right \n back into our hall out front, that’s the idea. You don’t \n want to touch it. You want to mount it in such fashion that you preserve \n the tires and take any other stresses out of it, but it would be great \n if it had the gunpowder stains and the engine stains and the oil stains \n and the rough-hewn patches that the mechanics put on the planes back \n in those days. \n And that’s how Discovery is coming to us. They haven’t \n cleaned it, outside of taking out the toxic materials in all the tanks \n and systems, so it’s not going to look like Enterprise at all. \n In fact, one of the people from NASA commented that Enterprise looked \n like a toy. I think what she meant was it looked like a model, and \n Discovery looks like a real orbiter. So we’re happy about that.\n Wright: \n Well, thank you.\n Ross-Nazzal: \n Thank you for spending some time with us this morning. We appreciate \n it.\n Mautner: \n You’re very welcome. It’s my pleasure to do it.\n [End \n of interview]\n \n \n Return \n to JSC Oral History Website"],["topImageUrl","https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/head_images/sc.gif"],["error",null]]}]}],["text","美國太空總署員工表示，\n他們是使用太空總署建議的\n【安麗 LOC】以「1:10」濃度\n拿來清洗太空梭及所有東西。\n\n這就是表示該產品是【極度安全】的！\n\n這樣，還有什麼安麗產品是需要擔心呢？\n\n\nhttp://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/oral_histories/NASA_HQ/Experts/MautnerEM/MautnerEM_3-22-12.htm"],["id","5484461227031-rumor"],["createdAt","2017-01-11T01:17:00.000Z"]]}],["reply",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","AV_TT0CjyCdS-nWhujcr"],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","AV_TJNx9yCdS-nWhujbL"],["name","Victor Cheng"],["avatarUrl","https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/b0924f092282f5a2cc895e7f4b4c9cbc?s=100&d=identicon&r=g"],["level",4]]}],["type","NOT_ARTICLE"],["text","送出文章的人在嘗試與機器人聊天。\n未指定所謂“安全”之範疇，可以拿來洗東西不代表可以拿來吃。\n同理一間公司的其中一項產品安全也不代表所有東西安全，就像Samsung s7好棒棒，不代表Note 7不會爆炸。"],["reference",""],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[]}],["createdAt","2017-11-19T08:05:07.366Z"]]}]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["article",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",1],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","j4S8C_n1X_AVJRpVDJaAWXXARts8Z96DWjC7LTqy8kpttWQvw"],["name","☞健談的坪林韋納爾☜"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",0]]}],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China"],["url","https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30183-5/fulltext"],["summary","SummaryBackgroundA recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients.MethodsAll patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not.FindingsBy Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα.InterpretationThe 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies.FundingMinistry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.IntroductionCoronaviruses are enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the family Coronaviridae and the order Nidovirales and broadly distributed in humans and other mammals.1Richman DD Whitley RJ Hayden FG Although most human coronavirus infections are mild, the epidemics of the two betacoronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)2Ksiazek TG Erdman D Goldsmith CS et al.A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome., 3Kuiken T Fouchier RAM Schutten M et al.Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome., 4Drosten C Günther S Preiser W et al.Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV),5de Groot RJ Baker SC Baric RS et al.Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group., 6Zaki AM van Boheemen S Bestebroer TM Osterhaus ADME Fouchier RAM Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. have caused more than 10 000 cumulative cases in the past two decades, with mortality rates of 10% for SARS-CoV and 37% for MERS-CoV.7WHOSummary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003., 8WHOMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The coronaviruses already identified might only be the tip of the iceberg, with potentially more novel and severe zoonotic events to be revealed.In December, 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China, with clinical presentations greatly resembling viral pneumonia.9WHONovel coronavirus – China. Deep sequencing analysis from lower respiratory tract samples indicated a novel coronavirus, which was named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Thus far, more than 800 confirmed cases, including in health-care workers, have been identified in Wuhan, and several exported cases have been confirmed in other provinces in China, and in Thailand, Japan, South Korea, and the USA.10WHONovel coronavirus – Thailand (ex-China)., 11WHONovel coronavirus – Japan (ex-China)., 12WHONovel coronavirus – Republic of Korea (ex-China)., 13CDCFirst travel-related case of 2019 novel coronavirus detected in United States.We aim to describe epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients confirmed to have 2019-nCoV infection, and to compare the clinical features between intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients. We hope our study findings will inform the global community of the emergence of this novel coronavirus and its clinical features.Methods PatientsFollowing the pneumonia cases of unknown cause reported in Wuhan and considering the shared history of exposure to Huanan seafood market across the patients, an epidemiological alert was released by the local health authority on Dec 31, 2019, and the market was shut down on Jan 1, 2020. Meanwhile, 59 suspected cases with fever and dry cough were transferred to a designated hospital starting from Dec 31, 2019. An expert team of physicians, epidemiologists, virologists, and government officials was soon formed after the alert.Since the cause was unknown at the onset of these emerging infections, the diagnosis of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan was based on clinical characteristics, chest imaging, and the ruling out of common bacterial and viral pathogens that cause pneumonia. Suspected patients were isolated using airborne precautions in the designated hospital, Jin Yin-tan Hospital (Wuhan, China), and fit-tested N95 masks and airborne precautions for aerosol-generating procedures were taken. This study was approved by the National Health Commission of China and Ethics Commission of Jin Yin-tan Hospital (KY-2020-01.01). Written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Commission of the designated hospital for emerging infectious diseases. ProceduresLocal centres for disease control and prevention collected respiratory, blood, and faeces specimens, then shipped them to designated authoritative laboratories to detect the pathogen (NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Beijing, China). A novel coronavirus, which was named 2019-nCoV, was isolated then from lower respiratory tract specimen and a diagnostic test for this virus was developed soon after that.14Tan W Zhao X Ma X et al.A novel coronavirus genome identified in a cluster of pneumonia cases — Wuhan, China 2019−2020. Of 59 suspected cases, 41 patients were confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV. The presence of 2019-nCoV in respiratory specimens was detected by next-generation sequencing or real-time RT-PCR methods. The primers and probe target to envelope gene of CoV were used and the sequences were as follows: forward primer 5′-TCAGAATGCCAATCTCCCCAAC-3′; reverse primer 5′-AAAGGTCCACCCGATACATTGA-3′; and the probe 5′CY5-CTAGTTACACTAGCCATCCTTACTGC-3′BHQ1. Conditions for the amplifications were 50°C for 15 min, 95°C for 3 min, followed by 45 cycles of 95°C for 15 s and 60°C for 30 s.Initial investigations included a complete blood count, coagulation profile, and serum biochemical test (including renal and liver function, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and electrolytes). Respiratory specimens, including nasal and pharyngeal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, or bronchial aspirates were tested for common viruses, including influenza, avian influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using real-time RT-PCR assays approved by the China Food and Drug Administration. Routine bacterial and fungal examinations were also performed.Given the emergence of the 2019-nCoV pneumonia cases during the influenza season, antibiotics (oral and intravenous) and oseltamivir (orally 75 mg twice daily) were empirically administered. Corticosteroid therapy (methylprednisolone 40–120 mg per day) was given as a combined regimen if severe community-acquired pneumonia was diagnosed by physicians at the designated hospital. Oxygen support (eg, nasal cannula and invasive mechanical ventilation) was administered to patients according to the severity of hypoxaemia. Repeated tests for 2019-nCoV were done in patients confirmed to have 2019-nCoV infection to show viral clearance before hospital discharge or discontinuation of isolation. Data collectionWe reviewed clinical charts, nursing records, laboratory findings, and chest x-rays for all patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection who were reported by the local health authority. The admission data of these patients was from Dec 16, 2019, to Jan 2, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and outcomes data were obtained with standardised data collection forms (modified case record form for severe acute respiratory infection clinical characterisation shared by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium) from electronic medical records. Two researchers also independently reviewed the data collection forms to double check the data collected. To ascertain the epidemiological and symptom data, which were not available from electronic medical records, the researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Cytokine and chemokine measurementTo characterise the effect of coronavirus on the production of cytokines or chemokines in the acute phase of the illness, plasma cytokines and chemokines (IL1B, IL1RA, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL8 (also known as CXCL8), IL9, IL10, IL12p70, IL13, IL15, IL17A, Eotaxin (also known as CCL11), basic FGF2, GCSF (CSF3), GMCSF (CSF2), IFNγ, IP10 (CXCL10), MCP1 (CCL2), MIP1A (CCL3), MIP1B (CCL4), PDGFB, RANTES (CCL5), TNFα, and VEGFA were measured using Human Cytokine Standard 27-Plex Assays panel and the Bio-Plex 200 system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) for all patients according to the manufacturer's instructions. The plasma samples from four healthy adults were used as controls for cross-comparison. The median time from being transferred to a designated hospital to the blood sample collection was 4 days (IQR 2–5). Detection of coronavirus in plasmaEach 80 μL plasma sample from the patients and contacts was added into 240 μL of Trizol LS (10296028; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA) in the Biosafety Level 3 laboratory. Total RNA was extracted by Direct-zol RNA Miniprep kit (R2050; Zymo research, Irvine, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions and 50 μL elution was obtained for each sample. 5 μL RNA was used for real-time RT-PCR, which targeted the NP gene using AgPath-ID One-Step RT-PCR Reagent (AM1005; Thermo Fisher Scientific). The final reaction mix concentration of the primers was 500 nM and probe was 200 nM. Real-time RT-PCR was performed using the following conditions: 50°C for 15 min and 95°C for 3 min, 50 cycles of amplification at 95°C for 10 s and 60°C for 45 s. Since we did not perform tests for detecting infectious virus in blood, we avoided the term viraemia and used RNAaemia instead. RNAaemia was defined as a positive result for real-time RT-PCR in the plasma sample. DefinitionsAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and shock were defined according to the interim guidance of WHO for novel coronavirus.9WHONovel coronavirus – China. Hypoxaemia was defined as arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) over inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO2) of less than 300 mm Hg.15Sanz F Gimeno C Lloret T et al.Relationship between the presence of hypoxemia and the inflammatory response measured by C-reactive protein in bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Acute kidney injury was identified and classified on the basis of the highest serum creatinine level or urine output criteria according to the kidney disease improving global outcomes classification.16Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work groupKDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Secondary infection was diagnosed if the patients had clinical symptoms or signs of nosocomial pneumonia or bacteraemia, and was combined with a positive culture of a new pathogen from a lower respiratory tract specimen (including the sputum, transtracheal aspirates, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or from blood samples taken ≥48 h after admission).17Garner JS Jarvis WR Emori TG Horan TC Hughes JM CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Cardiac injury followed the definition used in our previous study in H7N9 patients.18Gao C Wang Y Gu X et al.Association between cardiac injury and mortality in hospitalized patients infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. In brief, cardiac injury was diagnosed if serum levels of cardiac biomarkers (eg, troponin I) were above the 99th percentile upper reference limit, or new abnormalities were shown in electrocardiography and echocardiography. Statistical analysisContinuous variables were expressed as median (IQR) and compared with the Mann-Whitney U test; categorical variables were expressed as number (%) and compared by χ2 test or Fisher's exact test between ICU care and no ICU care groups. Boxplots were drawn to describe plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations.A two-sided α of less than 0·05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were done using the SAS software, version 9.4, unless otherwise indicated. Role of the funding sourceThe funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.ResultsBy Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients were identified as laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan. 20 [49%]) of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients were aged 25–49 years, and 14 (34%) were aged 50–64 years (figure 1A). The median age of the patients was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0; table 1). In our cohort of the first 41 patients as of Jan 2, no children or adolescents were infected. Of the 41 patients, 13 (32%) were admitted to the ICU because they required high-flow nasal cannula or higher-level oxygen support measures to correct hypoxaemia. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%]); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]).Table 1Demographics and baseline characteristics of patients infected with 2019-nCoVData are median (IQR), n (%), or n/N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data. p values comparing ICU care and no ICU care are from χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test. 2019-nCoV=2019 novel coronavirus. ICU=intensive care unit.\n Open table in a new tab\n 27 (66%) patients had direct exposure to Huanan seafood market (figure 1B). Market exposure was similar between the patients with ICU care (nine [69%]) and those with non-ICU care (18 [64%]). The symptom onset date of the first patient identified was Dec 1, 2019. None of his family members developed fever or any respiratory symptoms. No epidemiological link was found between the first patient and later cases. The first fatal case, who had continuous exposure to the market, was admitted to hospital because of a 7-day history of fever, cough, and dyspnoea. 5 days after illness onset, his wife, a 53-year-old woman who had no known history of exposure to the market, also presented with pneumonia and was hospitalised in the isolation ward.The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38; table 1). More than half of patients (22 [55%] of 40) developed dyspnoea. The median duration from illness onset to dyspnoea was 8·0 days (IQR 5·0–13·0). The median time from onset of symptoms to first hospital admission was 7·0 days (4·0–8·0), to shortness of breath was 8·0 days (5·0–13·0), to ARDS was 9·0 days (8·0–14·0), to mechanical ventilation was 10·5 days (7·0–14·0), and to ICU admission was 10·5 days (8·0–17·0; figure 2).The blood counts of patients on admission showed leucopenia (white blood cell count less than 4 × 109/L; ten [25%] of 40 patients) and lymphopenia (lymphocyte count <1·0 × 109/L; 26 [63%] patients; table 2). Prothrombin time and D-dimer level on admission were higher in ICU patients (median prothrombin time 12·2 s [IQR 11·2–13·4]; median D-dimer level 2·4 mg/L [0·6–14·4]) than non-ICU patients (median prothrombin time 10·7 s [9·8–12·1], p=0·012; median D-dimer level 0·5 mg/L [0·3–0·8], p=0·0042). Levels of aspartate aminotransferase were increased in 15 (37%) of 41 patients, including eight (62%) of 13 ICU patients and seven (25%) of 28 non-ICU patients. Hypersensitive troponin I (hs-cTnI) was increased substantially in five patients, in whom the diagnosis of virus-related cardiac injury was made.Table 2Laboratory findings of patients infected with 2019-nCoV on admission to hospitalData are median (IQR) or n/N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data. p values comparing ICU care and no ICU care are from χ2, Fisher's exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test. 2019-nCoV=2019 novel coronavirus. ICU=intensive care unit.\n Open table in a new tab\n Most patients had normal serum levels of procalcitonin on admission (procalcitonin <0·1 ng/mL; 27 [69%] patients; table 2). Four ICU patients developed secondary infections. Three of the four patients with secondary infection had procalcitonin greater than 0·5 ng/mL (0·69 ng/mL, 1·46 ng/mL, and 6·48 ng/mL).On admission, abnormalities in chest CT images were detected among all patients. Of the 41 patients, 40 (98%) had bilateral involvement (table 2). The typical findings of chest CT images of ICU patients on admission were bilateral multiple lobular and subsegmental areas of consolidation (figure 3A). The representative chest CT findings of non-ICU patients showed bilateral ground-glass opacity and subsegmental areas of consolidation (figure 3B). Later chest CT images showed bilateral ground-glass opacity, whereas the consolidation had been resolved (figure 3C).Initial plasma IL1B, IL1RA, IL7, IL8, IL9, IL10, basic FGF, GCSF, GMCSF, IFNγ, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, MIP1B, PDGF, TNFα, and VEGF concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults (appendix pp 6–7). Plasma levels of IL5, IL12p70, IL15, Eotaxin, and RANTES were similar between healthy adults and patients infected with 2019-nCoV. Further comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients.All patients had pneumonia. Common complications included ARDS (12 [29%] of 41 patients), followed by RNAaemia (six [15%] patients), acute cardiac injury (five [12%] patients), and secondary infection (four [10%] patients; table 3). Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in four (10%) patients, with two of them (5%) had refractory hypoxaemia and received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as salvage therapy. All patients were administered with empirical antibiotic treatment, and 38 (93%) patients received antiviral therapy (oseltamivir). Additionally, nine (22%) patients were given systematic corticosteroids. A comparison of clinical features between patients who received and did not receive systematic corticosteroids is in the appendix (pp 1–5).Table 3Treatments and outcomes of patients infected with 2019-nCoVData are median (IQR) or n (%). p values are comparing ICU care and no ICU care. 2019-nCoV=2019 novel coronavirus. ICU=intensive care unit. NA=not applicable. ECMO=extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.\n Open table in a new tab\n As of Jan 22, 2020, 28 (68%) of 41 patients have been discharged and six (15%) patients have died. Fitness for discharge was based on abatement of fever for at least 10 days, with improvement of chest radiographic evidence and viral clearance in respiratory samples from upper respiratory tract.DiscussionWe report here a cohort of 41 patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Patients had serious, sometimes fatal, pneumonia and were admitted to the designated hospital in Wuhan, China, by Jan 2, 2020. Clinical presentations greatly resemble SARS-CoV. Patients with severe illness developed ARDS and required ICU admission and oxygen therapy. The time between hospital admission and ARDS was as short as 2 days. At this stage, the mortality rate is high for 2019-nCoV, because six (15%) of 41 patients in this cohort died.The number of deaths is rising quickly. As of Jan 24, 2020, 835 laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infections were reported in China, with 25 fatal cases. Reports have been released of exported cases in many provinces in China, and in other countries; some health-care workers have also been infected in Wuhan. Taken together, evidence so far indicates human transmission for 2019-nCoV. We are concerned that 2019-nCoV could have acquired the ability for efficient human transmission.19Perlman S Netland J Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis. Airborne precautions, such as a fit-tested N95 respirator, and other personal protective equipment are strongly recommended. To prevent further spread of the disease in health-care settings that are caring for patients infected with 2019-nCoV, onset of fever and respiratory symptoms should be closely monitored among health-care workers. Testing of respiratory specimens should be done immediately once a diagnosis is suspected. Serum antibodies should be tested among health-care workers before and after their exposure to 2019-nCoV for identification of asymptomatic infections.Similarities of clinical features between 2019-nCoV and previous betacoronavirus infections have been noted. In this cohort, most patients presented with fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, and bilateral ground-glass opacities on chest CT scans. These features of 2019-nCoV infection bear some resemblance to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections.20Lee N Hui D Wu A et al.A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong., 21Assiri A Al-Tawfiq JA Al-Rabeeah AA et al.Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. However, few patients with 2019-nCoV infection had prominent upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms (eg, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, or sore throat), indicating that the target cells might be located in the lower airway. Furthermore, 2019-nCoV patients rarely developed intestinal signs and symptoms (eg, diarrhoea), whereas about 20–25% of patients with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV infection had diarrhoea.21Assiri A Al-Tawfiq JA Al-Rabeeah AA et al.Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. Faecal and urine samples should be tested to exclude a potential alternative route of transmission that is unknown at this stage.The pathophysiology of unusually high pathogenicity for SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV has not been completely understood. Early studies have shown that increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in serum (eg, IL1B, IL6, IL12, IFNγ, IP10, and MCP1) were associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage in SARS patients.22Wong CK Lam CWK Wu AKL et al.Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome. MERS-CoV infection was also reported to induce increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL15, and IL17).23Mahallawi WH Khabour OF Zhang Q Makhdoum HM Suliman BA MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile. We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFNγ, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Moreover, patients requiring ICU admission had higher concentrations of GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα than did those not requiring ICU admission, suggesting that the cytokine storm was associated with disease severity. However, 2019-nCoV infection also initiated increased secretion of T-helper-2 (Th2) cytokines (eg, IL4 and IL10) that suppress inflammation, which differs from SARS-CoV infection.22Wong CK Lam CWK Wu AKL et al.Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Further studies are necessary to characterise the Th1 and Th2 responses in 2019-nCoV infection and to elucidate the pathogenesis. Autopsy or biopsy studies would be the key to understand the disease.In view of the high amount of cytokines induced by SARS-CoV,22Wong CK Lam CWK Wu AKL et al.Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome., 24He L Ding Y Zhang Q et al.Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS. MERS-CoV,25Faure E Poissy J Goffard A et al.Distinct immune response in two MERS-CoV-infected patients: can we go from bench to bedside?., 26Falzarano D de Wit E Rasmussen AL et al.Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques. and 2019-nCoV infections, corticosteroids were used frequently for treatment of patients with severe illness, for possible benefit by reducing inflammatory-induced lung injury. However, current evidence in patients with SARS and MERS suggests that receiving corticosteroids did not have an effect on mortality, but rather delayed viral clearance.27Stockman LJ Bellamy R Garner P SARS: systematic review of treatment effects., 28Lansbury L Rodrigo C Leonardi-Bee J Nguyen-Van-Tam J Lim WS Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza., 29Arabi YM Mandourah Y Al-Hameed F et al.Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome. Therefore, corticosteroids should not be routinely given systemically, according to WHO interim guidance.30WHOClinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. Among our cohort of 41 laboratory-confirmed patients with 2019-nCoV infection, corticosteroids were given to very few non-ICU cases, and low-to-moderate dose of corticosteroids were given to less than half of severely ill patients with ARDS. Further evidence is urgently needed to assess whether systematic corticosteroid treatment is beneficial or harmful for patients infected with 2019-nCoV.No antiviral treatment for coronavirus infection has been proven to be effective. In a historical control study,31Chu CM Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings. the combination of lopinavir and ritonavir among SARS-CoV patients was associated with substantial clinical benefit (fewer adverse clinical outcomes). Arabi and colleagues initiated a placebo-controlled trial of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir, and ritonavir among patients with MERS infection in Saudi Arabia.32Arabi YM Alothman A Balkhy HH et al.Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Preclinical evidence showed the potent efficacy of remdesivir (a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleotide prodrug) to treat MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infections.33Sheahan TP Sims AC Graham RL et al.Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses., 34Sheahan TP Sims AC Leist SR et al.Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. As 2019-nCoV is an emerging virus, an effective treatment has not been developed for disease resulting from this virus. Since the combination of lopinavir and ritonavir was already available in the designated hospital, a randomised controlled trial has been initiated quickly to assess the efficacy and safety of combined use of lopinavir and ritonavir in patients hospitalised with 2019-nCoV infection.Our study has some limitations. First, for most of the 41 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed with lower respiratory tract specimens and no paired nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained to investigate the difference in the viral RNA detection rate between upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. Serological detection was not done to look for 2019-nCoV antibody rises in 18 patients with undetectable viral RNA. Second, with the limited number of cases, it is difficult to assess host risk factors for disease severity and mortality with multivariable-adjusted methods. This is a modest-sized case series of patients admitted to hospital; collection of standardised data for a larger cohort would help to further define the clinical presentation, natural history, and risk factors. Further studies in outpatient, primary care, or community settings are needed to get a full picture of the spectrum of clinical severity. At the same time, finding of statistical tests and p values should be interpreted with caution, and non-significant p values do not necessarily rule out difference between ICU and non-ICU patients. Third, since the causative pathogen has just been identified, kinetics of viral load and antibody titres were not available. Finally, the potential exposure bias in our study might account for why no paediatric or adolescent patients were reported in this cohort. More effort should be made to answer these questions in future studies.Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were believed to originate in bats, and these infections were transmitted directly to humans from market civets and dromedary camels, respectively.35Cui J Li F Shi Z-L Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Extensive research on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV has driven the discovery of many SARS-like and MERS-like coronaviruses in bats. In 2013, Ge and colleagues36Ge X-Y Li J-L Yang X-L et al.Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. reported the whole genome sequence of a SARS-like coronavirus in bats with that ability to use human ACE2 as a receptor, thus having replication potentials in human cells.37Wang M Hu Z Bats as animal reservoirs for the SARS coronavirus: hypothesis proved after 10 years of virus hunting. 2019-nCoV still needs to be studied deeply in case it becomes a global health threat. Reliable quick pathogen tests and feasible differential diagnosis based on clinical description are crucial for clinicians in their first contact with suspected patients. Because of the pandemic potential of 2019-nCoV, careful surveillance is essential to monitor its future host adaption, viral evolution, infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity.ContributorsBC and JW had the idea for and designed the study and had full access to all data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. YWa, GF, XG, JiXu, HL, and BC contributed to writing of the report. BC contributed to critical revision of the report. YWa, GF, XG, JiXu, and HL contributed to the statistical analysis. All authors contributed to data acquisition, data analysis, or data interpretation, and reviewed and approved the final version.Declaration of interestsAll authors declare no competing interests.Data sharingThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Participant data without names and identifiers will be made available after approval from the corresponding author and National Health Commission. After publication of study findings, the data will be available for others to request. The research team will provide an email address for communication once the data are approved to be shared with others. The proposal with detailed description of study objectives and statistical analysis plan will be needed for evaluation of the reasonability to request for our data. The corresponding author and National Health Commission will make a decision based on these materials. Additional materials may also be required during the process.AcknowledgmentsThis work is funded by the Special Project for Emergency of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2020YFC0841300) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS 2018-I2M-1-003), a National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars (81425001/H0104), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1200102), The Beijing Science and Technology Project (Z19110700660000), CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2016-I2M-1-014), and National Mega-projects for Infectious Diseases in China (2017ZX10103004 and 2018ZX10305409). We acknowledge all health-care workers involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients in Wuhan; we thank the Chinese National Health Commission for coordinating data collection for patients with 2019-nCoV infection; we thank the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) for sharing data collection templates publicly on the website; and we thank Prof Chen Wang and Prof George F Gao for guidance in study design and interpretation of results.Supplementary MaterialReferences1.Richman DD Whitley RJ Hayden FG Clinical virology.4th edn. ASM Press,\n Washington20162.Ksiazek TG Erdman D Goldsmith CS et al.A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome.N Engl J Med. 2003; 348: 1953-19663.Kuiken T Fouchier RAM Schutten M et al.Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome.Lancet. 2003; 362: 263-2704.Drosten C Günther S Preiser W et al.Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.N Engl J Med. 2003; 348: 1967-19765.de Groot RJ Baker SC Baric RS et al.Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group.J Virol. 2013; 87: 7790-77926.Zaki AM van Boheemen S Bestebroer TM Osterhaus ADME Fouchier RAM Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia.N Engl J Med. 2012; 367: 1814-18207.WHOSummary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003.8.WHOMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).9.WHONovel coronavirus – China.10.WHONovel coronavirus – Thailand (ex-China).11.WHONovel coronavirus – Japan (ex-China).12.WHONovel coronavirus – Republic of Korea (ex-China).13.CDCFirst travel-related case of 2019 novel coronavirus detected in United States.14.Tan W Zhao X Ma X et al.A novel coronavirus genome identified in a cluster of pneumonia cases — Wuhan, China 2019−2020.15.Sanz F Gimeno C Lloret T et al.Relationship between the presence of hypoxemia and the inflammatory response measured by C-reactive protein in bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.Eur Respir J. 2011; 38: 249216.Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work groupKDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury.17.Garner JS Jarvis WR Emori TG Horan TC Hughes JM CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988.Am J Infect Control. 1988; 16: 128-14018.Gao C Wang Y Gu X et al.Association between cardiac injury and mortality in hospitalized patients infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus.Crit Care Med. 2020; ()19.Perlman S Netland J Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis.Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009; 7: 439-45020.Lee N Hui D Wu A et al.A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong.N Engl J Med. 2003; 348: 1986-199421.Assiri A Al-Tawfiq JA Al-Rabeeah AA et al.Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study.Lancet Infect Dis. 2013; 13: 752-76122.Wong CK Lam CWK Wu AKL et al.Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004; 136: 95-10323.Mahallawi WH Khabour OF Zhang Q Makhdoum HM Suliman BA MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile.Cytokine. 2018; 104: 8-1324.He L Ding Y Zhang Q et al.Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS.J Pathol. 2006; 210: 288-29725.Faure E Poissy J Goffard A et al.Distinct immune response in two MERS-CoV-infected patients: can we go from bench to bedside?.PLoS One. 2014; 9e8871626.Falzarano D de Wit E Rasmussen AL et al.Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques.Nat Med. 2013; 19: 1313-131727.Stockman LJ Bellamy R Garner P SARS: systematic review of treatment effects.PLoS Med. 2006; 3: e34328.Lansbury L Rodrigo C Leonardi-Bee J Nguyen-Van-Tam J Lim WS Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 2: CD01040629.Arabi YM Mandourah Y Al-Hameed F et al.Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018; 197: 757-76730.WHOClinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected.31.Chu CM Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings.Thorax. 2004; 59: 252-25632.Arabi YM Alothman A Balkhy HH et al.Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials. 2018; 19: 8133.Sheahan TP Sims AC Graham RL et al.Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses.Sci Transl Med. 2017; 9eaal365334.Sheahan TP Sims AC Leist SR et al.Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV.Nat Commun. 2020; 11: 22235.Cui J Li F Shi Z-L Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses.Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019; 17: 181-19236.Ge X-Y Li J-L Yang X-L et al.Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor.Nature. 2013; 503: 535-53837.Wang M Hu Z Bats as animal reservoirs for the SARS coronavirus: hypothesis proved after 10 years of virus hunting.Virol Sin. 2013; 28: 315-317Article InfoPublication HistoryPublished: January 24, 2020IdentificationDOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5Copyright© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ScienceDirectAccess this article on ScienceDirectClinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, ChinaFiguresFigure 1Date of illness onset and age distribution of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infectionFigure 2Timeline of 2019-nCoV cases after onset of illnessFigure 3Chest CT imagesTablesTable 1Demographics and baseline characteristics of patients infected with 2019-nCoVTable 2Laboratory findings of patients infected with 2019-nCoV on admission to hospitalTable 3Treatments and outcomes of patients infected with 2019-nCoV\n \n\n \n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n Linked Articles"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["text","轉po:\n\n預估兩週潛伏期\nLancet論文統計指出\n\n兩成不發燒\n七成會咳嗽\n症狀非常不典型！\n\n一週後發病\n發病後一週\n32% 加護病房\n29% ARDS插管急救\n15% 死亡終結\n\n意思是\n重症一半會死！\n\n機率大概\n比六發子彈\n直接開一槍的\n俄羅斯輪盤低一些～\n\n中國官方還告訴大家沒事兒不要怕？！\n\n我身為\n高雄榮總\n急診一線醫師\n加護病房主治醫師\n我目前想不到有什麼其他比這個更嚴重更糟糕的傳染病了🙏\n\n\nLancet\n\nhttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30183-5/fulltext"],["id","1fbhbmuiiyn7x"],["createdAt","2020-01-27T10:59:00.386Z"]]}],["reply",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","jmRj8W8Bd3n3h-WYx1yF"],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","AVriAlOoyrDaTqlmmqhC"],["name","Lin"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",22]]}],["type","RUMOR"],["text","15% 死亡終結並不正確，傳染病防治醫療網指揮官張上淳已提醒大家這樣的詮釋易造成誤解，因為 Lancet 的這份研究對象是針對疫情初期確診的41個「中度以上患者（皆已有肺炎）」，與臨床上仍有許多「不一定有肺炎的輕症患者」不同。"],["reference","https://pansci.asia/archives/178597?fbclid=IwAR1jdPHXfmZThAIsoGYr-MOtF-_92OQEMPwt_AUUCh60BVBpkfoQsA10PFc"],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title",""],["url","https://pansci.asia/archives/178597?fbclid=IwAR1jdPHXfmZThAIsoGYr-MOtF-_92OQEMPwt_AUUCh60BVBpkfoQsA10PFc"],["summary",""],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["createdAt","2020-01-29T13:00:45.833Z"]]}]]},{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["article",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["replyCount",1],["references",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["type","LINE"]]}]}],["replyRequestCount",1],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","j4S8C_nyDhPoDex2vRNtq0VZ_ehTvf140_jx4pfLOf9GUBMBk"],["name","↖來自高樹✖謹慎的✖艾瑟兒↗"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",0]]}],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["title","Cannot get data from URL | Cofacts"],["url","https://cofacts.org/article/1tquqcbas7b1m"],["summary","1 person report this messageFirst reported 5 minutes agoSimilar messages「請所有的綠營政客，放下仇恨！\n放下偏見！放下所有的分別心！」\n我與管中閔老師的因緣_做為一個學生的證言。\n（林珈慧2018.04.07）\n其實我從臺大畢業16年了，除了ㄧ次研討會場合與老師匆匆打過一次照面外，我沒有再見過中閔老師。\n但這輩子從小到大受教的老師無數，管中閔老師絕對是影響我最深遠的老師。\n不是因為他在學術上斐然的成就，也不是因為他後來成為中研院院士或擔任國發會主委。\n而是他，一個對上課學生無任何義務的大學教授，卻對什麼都沒有的年輕學子如我付出真誠的關懷，分享成長的挫折，提點人生的堅持。\n\n那是1997年秋天臺大經濟系大二開學的一個悶熱午后，步入先選好的熱門統計學教室已找不到座位，厭倦總是擠着上百人的無感學習，決定冒險轉去另一班新開的統計學看看。\n悄悄走進去，偌大的教室只有五、六位小貓學生，我看到一位穿着厚重西裝的年輕老師正在黑板前揮汗如雨地講課，那就是我對中閔老師的第一印象，究竟是什麼內容早已忘記，我只記得下課時我立刻拿選課單請老師簽名加選。\n\n那一年，管老師在臺大經濟系開的第一堂統計學課程，只有六、七個學生選課，何其有幸我是其中一員。\n如果坐着時光機回到那一年，我會在那個19歲的我旁邊開心的大叫：「妳知道妳特別選的老師是未來中研院院士耶，妳被院士教到了耶！」\n這種慧眼識英雄的感覺，真是比中樂透還開心。\n\n但當時，管中閔老師什麼title都沒有。\n他上統計學，我們沒買過任何教科書，他都上他自己寫的英文講義，他自己對統計學要教給入門學生的邏輯、體系與見解。\n相對於龐雜的統計學方法，他用原創的講義用自成一格環環相扣的架構教我們，在那時候是非常非常與眾不同的。\n老師在當時就對原創非常重視，他常在課堂上鼓勵我們，縱然是碩士論文一定要嘗試在理論上提出創見，\n即使只有一點點，不要再寫一篇用台灣的data跑別人所提的模型出來的結果充數。\n\n後來我的碩士論文口試結束後，口試委員陳昭南院士問我要不要來念博士。\n\n那一刻起我發現上開管式哲學非常有效，這麼多年過去，這個態度已深入我的DNA中。\n\n老師那一年教我們，也算是私塾的編制了，所以他當年的青春血淚成長史，我們有幸是首映場的聽眾。\n而我印象最深的，是他描述那時候在美國做研究到清晨要回家，積雪卡住他的車門，冰天凍地裡他還要努力地剷雪才能回家。\n\n另外還有他提到拿到美國大學終身聘的第二天，二話不說就決定回台灣。\n在我當時聽來覺得不可思議，這麼辛苦做研究好不容易拿到終身聘又是比台灣高好幾倍的薪水，竟然選擇回台灣，這老師有沒有點經濟理性啊！但同時對我又是很有共鳴的，那種拼勁，那種超越經濟價值的熱誠。\n\n近年來管老師成了社會公眾人物，他也講了好多當年的事，但有一件事他從未講過，就是他對家人的愛。\n有一次老師講到，他現在最疼愛的就是他的女兒，如果以後有人敢追求他的女兒，他一定要跟那個人打一架。\n這麼多年過去了，我常常想到，\n到底那一架打了沒？\n\n統計學課程一年很快就結束了，\n但我與管老師的因緣仍然繼續着。\n\n大四我準備研究所甄試，\n拜託老師寫推薦函，老師一口答應，\n什麼資料都沒跟我要，\n也沒叫我擬草稿，就幫我寫好推薦函。\n\n我什麼身家背景也沒有，\n他的推薦函幫助我。\n他的研究室的門永遠是開着的，\n我是見證者之一。\n\n不但如此，碩二那年，\n埋首論文研究之餘，\n找到中研院有個打打字的打工機會，\n剛好可以賺點生活費。\n\n過不久，\n時任中研院經濟所所長的老師\n竟然發了一封email給我:\n「我不知道妳有打工的需要﹐\n妳當初應該先來找我或者至少問我一下。 \n妳實在太見外了。」\n\n這些事過了二十年了\n點點滴滴我都記在心上，\n老師就是這麼幽默、真誠、熱情，\n對家人如此，對學生更是如此，\n不論何時何地都準備行俠仗義拔刀相助！\n\n而且不論他的title是否已經愈來愈大，\n他對學生這一份愛心，「真啊！」。\n\n後來，2013年底老師\n擔任經建會主委風雨之際，\n我發了email給老師表達我的支持：\n「存心俯仰天地無愧，足矣！」\n老師親自回信：\n「即使知道非常困難，還是想有些改變。\n如果實在改變不成，也只好放棄。」\n\n又後來2015年初，\n老師辭任國發會主委，\n我又發信支持老師：\n「我也是獅子座的，\n深知獅子座的人要放下他心血大業，\n是要下多大的決心。\n\n人生的故事沒有the end，\n只有to be continued... 共勉之！！」\n老師仍然親自回信：\n「未來我還會有很多事可做，\n而且在民間，\n說不定可做的事情更多。」\n\n去年底，看到管老師\n參加臺大校長遴選的宣言，\n我再次發了email支持老師：\n「對學生、社會、國家的\n這一份熱情未曾消減，\n永遠訴諸理性，不搞政治操作，\n永遠不會被打倒。\n您的這份堅持，\n永遠是指引我心方向的阿拉丁神燈！」\n\n再次收到老師的回信：\n「我很認真面對這次的競爭，\n這也是我離開政府公職後，\n唯一還能激發我熱情的工作。\n\n但是以現在政治和社會氛圍，\n我想我當選機率很低，我只能盡力而已。」\n\n後來中閔老師在今年1月5日獲選，\n我回信恭禧：「老師，You did it! \n淪為遊樂園的台灣大學有救了！」\n\n但從那一天開始，我完全沒預期到，\n為何對管中閔老師不實的攻詰一波波發動，\n而且竟然是由國家政府帶頭行惡。\n\n我不解，為何砲口竟是對着\n一個光明磊落的院士級\n優秀學者、人師之表率？\n這有任何一絲公理、\n正義、大學之精神嗎？\n\n翻開中外歷史，一言以蔽之，\n不就是奸臣小人\n對所有仁人志士的迫害史嗎！\n\n冒着未來也會被迫害的風險\n（其實也不用多慮，\n臺灣的人才不斷在出走），\n身為台灣人的基本良知，\n身為臺大人的基本尊嚴，\n\n我能做的，就是在老師風雨飄搖、\n人人喊曾參殺人時刻，公開地，\n用一個學生的經歷，\n來充份支持與證明，\n回歸大學傳道授業，\n立國立人的精神與本質，\n臺灣大學遴選委員會\n（也是唯一有法定資格與\n權限的遴選校長之實體)，\n的確獨立且正確地做出決定。\n\n此一決定即有其立即的實體效力，\n不會因為教育部\n違法怠於聘任程序而動搖！\n\n最後，請所有臺灣人放下仇恨！\n放下偏見！放下所有的分別，\n\n管中閔老師2007年2月\n「世界遺忘台灣！台灣遺忘世界！」一文，\n讓我們深切的自省，\n我們要帶領臺灣走去哪個方向？\n\n「世界遺忘台灣與台灣遺忘世界，\n兩者其實相互關聯。\n\n當世界忽視台灣，\n我們對這個世界就越來越覺得陌生，\n於是選擇逃避。\n\n中國大陸的打壓，\n固然是造成世界遺忘台灣的主因，\n但我們是否坦然面對過問題的徵結，\n然後尋求解決的方式？\n\n若我們自己都不曾\n窮盡一切努力去扭轉趨勢，\n世界自然會繼續遺忘台灣，\n台灣也將“日蹙國百里”，\n最終退縮到無人聞問的角落。 \n\n我們耽于內鬥久矣，\n因此看不見世界各地政經勢力的消長\n與它們之間的合縱連橫，\n也看不清自己地位的變化。\n\n世界或許忽視了台灣，\n然而台灣不能沒有世界。\n\n所以我們不能再自甘鎖國，\n而必須更務實的面對海峽兩岸的關係，\n與亞洲各國的關係，\n乃至與世界其他地區的關係。\n\n在追求台灣總利益最大的目標之下，\n唯有放下虛妄的意識型態包袱，\n知所取舍，\n台灣才可能有更寬廣的未來。 \n讓台灣能夠重新迎向世界，\n讓世界不致遺忘台灣。」\n(旺報)1 occurrence1 responseover 2 years agoChina creates meat from the dead bodies of coronavirus victims and transport them to Africa.1 occurrence1 response2 months agoAs you may have noticed, I sent last digits your phonenumberX7182. This means that I have full access to your device and accounts. I've been watching you for a few months now.\nThe fact is that you were infected with malware through an adult site that you visited. If you are not familiar with this, I will explain. Trojan Virus gives me full access and control your devices. This means that I can see everything on your screen, turn on the camera and microphone, but you do not know about it. I also have access to all your contacts and all your correspondence.\nWhy your antivirus did not detect malware? @nswer: My malware uses the driver, I update its signatures every 4 hours so that your antivirus is silent. I made a video showing h0w you satisfy yourself in the left half of the screen, and in the right half you see the video that you watched.\nWith one click of the m0use, I can send this vide0 to all your emails and contacts^. If you want to prevent this, transfer the amount of $972 to my bitcoin* @ddress (if you do not kn0w how to do this, write to Google: \"Buy Bitcoin\"). My bitcoin @ddress (BTC Wallet) is: 12yCNJHAwda8Kgxv9DswpS9k16XnstSqcJ\nAfter receiving the payment, I will delete the video and you will never hear me again. I give you 48 hours to pay. I have a notice reading this letter, and the timer will work when you see this letter. Filing a complaint somewhere does not make sense because this email cannot be tracked like my bitcoin address. I do not make any mistakes.\nIf I find that you have shared this message with someone else, the video will be immediately distributed.1 occurrence1 responseover 1 year ago喜歡旅遊群友大家好！\n這幾天應該知道,歐盟正式通過了這項規範!\nGeneral Data Protection Regulation，簡稱GDPR\n這不是小事,請不要等閒視之,只要有接觸就有可能違法!\n例如看到帥哥、美女、超萌小童等，只要一拍照可能就觸法了!!!!\n但是例如你的目標是艾菲爾鐵塔，現場可能一堆觀光客等，這\n是沒問題的!!\n但是,若是像是大街上露天咖啡座的客人,只要一拍可能就觸法了!!\n但是如果你真的要拍個人，請取得對方同意，最好能簽紙本協議，免得惹禍上身!!!!!\n赴歐旅遊,要拍照請多多事先考慮一下,特別是有關\"人\"或是與人有關的部分!!\n舉凡姓名、地址、電話、名片、電話簿等等，有個人資料的物，都會有問題!\n對了對了，各位愛拍餐廳菜單的、店家資料的，最好事先問過，取得同意\n不得不慎\n希望沒有嚴格到這樣的地步!!!!!\n\n‭https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/49249/gdpr-general-data-protection-regulation-eu-‬3 occurrences2 responsesabout 2 years agoAS RECEIVED: The new NCP coronavirus may not show sign of infection for many days, how can one know if he/she is infected. By the time they have fever and/or cough and goes to the hospital, the lungs is usually 50 % Fibrosis and it's too late!\n\nTaiwan experts provide a simple self-check that we can do every morning:\n\nTake a deep breath and hold your breath for more than 10 seconds. If you complete it successfully without coughing, without discomfort, stuffiness or tightness etc it proves there is no fibrosis in the lungs, basically indicating no infection.\n\nIn critical times, please self-check every morning in an environment with clean air!\n\nSERIOUS EXCELLENT ADVICE by Japanese doctors treating COVID-19 cases. Everyone should ensure your mouth & throat is moist, never DRY. Take a few sips of water every 15 mins at least. WHY? Even if the virus gets into your mouth...drinking water or other liquids will WASH them down through your oesophagus and into the stomach. Once there in tummy...your stomach ACID will kill all the virus. If you don't drink enough water more regularly...the virus can enter your windpipes and into the LUNGS. That's very dangerous. \nPls send and share with family, friends and everyone about this ! Take care everyone n may the world recovers from corona virus soon. May all be well n happy 🙏\n2 occurrences1 response5 months ago來自盧達輝警司的告示：\n請不要發送早安祝福的圖片或影片。\n 請閱讀上海國際新聞來自中國的這一警告，向所有用戶發出緊急求救信息（這是第三次提醒），專家建議：請不要發送早安，晚安，或任何有趣的節日問候圖片和影片等。報導指出，中國的黑客已經設計出了完美的圖片和影片來隱藏他們內部的網絡釣魚代碼，當所有人轉發這些圖片時，他們都會竊取您設備上的個人信息。據報導，已經有超過50萬的受害者被騙了。如果您想互相問候，請輸入您自己的文字信息，以保護自己，並保護您的家人和朋友。\n （很重要）。刪除所有以前和以後的賀卡設計，為了您自己的安全，圖片和朋友的圖片，以避免黑客的網絡釣魚。它們包含嵌入式“GIF”程序，竊取您的個人信息，信用卡號碼和PIN碼。互相打招呼，使用文字或完全自製的圖片，視頻。自己創造的材料才是安全的。\n\n請轉發給你的聯繫人，這樣你就不會繼續收到預先製作的白天和早上的問候圖片！\n\nNotice from Superintendent Ludacre:\nPlease do not send good morning pictures or videos.\nPlease read this warning from China in Shanghai International News and send an urgent SOS message to all users (this is the third reminder) Expert advice: Please do not send good morning, good night, or any interesting holiday greetings pictures and videos. According to the report, hackers in China have designed perfect pictures and videos to hide their internal Internet fishing codes, When everyone retweets these images, they will steal personal information from your device. It is reported that more than half a million victims have been deceived. If you want to greet each other, please enter your own text message to protect yourself and your family and friends.\nVery important. Remove all previous and future card designs for your own security, pictures and pictures of friends to avoid hackers on the Internet fishing. They contain embedded GIF programs that steal your personal information, credit card numbers, and PIN numbers. Greeting each other, using text or completely homemade pictures, videos. The material that you create is safe.\n\nPlease forward to your contacts, so you wont continue to receive pre-made pictures of the morning and daytime greetings!2 occurrences3 responsesover 2 years agoThe vaccine against the new coronavirus was created before the disease appeared ; three persons who recently arrived from China in Sarajevo Canton are under medical supervision and have brought the COVID-19 in Sarajevo.1 occurrence1 response2 months agoDrinking tea and hot water kills the virus; lemon slices in warm water may save your life; it's recommended to keep your money in a sealed plastic bag; a conspiracy theory suggests China is benefiting from the pandemic; vinegar is good for cleaning your hands.1 occurrence1 responseabout 1 month ago可怕的報告~瑞士第一例5G的损伤报告\nhttps://russ999.pixnet.net/blog/post/301462937\n\n\n天線一安裝，日内瓦市中心的幾個居民和整個家庭都報告了類似的不同尋常的症狀:耳鳴、劇烈頭痛、難以忍受的耳痛、失眠、胸痛、疲勞以及在房子裏感覺不舒服。\n\n\nThe first reported injury of 5G in a news report comes from Switzerland,where 5G has been launched in 102 locations. The weekly French-language Swiss magazine L'Illustré interviewed people living in Geneva after the 5G rollout with alarming details of illness.In their article,With 5G,We Feel Like Guinea Pigs,posted July 18,2019,they report neighbors met to discuss their many common symptoms and many unanswered questions.\n\n瑞士的一份新聞報道首次報道了5G網絡的受傷情況，瑞士的法語周刊《l'illustr》在5G網絡推出後采訪了居住在日内瓦的人們，詳細介紹了他們患病的情況。在他們發表于2019年7月18日的文章中，他們報告說，鄰居們聚在一起讨論他們的許多常見症狀和許多懸而未決的問題。\n\n相關：美國國土安全部内幕-我經曆了5G，必須警告世界\n\n5G:Its Legal but Not Safe\n\n5G:合法但不安全\n\nAs soon as the antennas were installed,several residents and entire families in the heart of Geneva reported similar unusual symptoms of loud ringing in the ear,intense headaches,unbearable earaches,insomnia,chest pain,fatigue and not feeling well in the house.29-year-old Geneva resident,Johan Perruchoud,called up Swisscom and was told that indeed the 5G cell towers were activated on the same day he began to feel the symptoms.When others called Swisscom they were told everything is legal and within guidelines.\n\n天線一安裝，日内瓦市中心的幾個居民和整個家庭都報告了類似的不同尋常的症狀:耳鳴、劇烈頭痛、難以忍受的耳痛、失眠、胸痛、疲勞以及在房子裏感覺不舒服。29歲的日内瓦居民Johan Perruchoud給瑞士斯科姆公司打了電話，被告知5G手機發射塔确實在他開始感覺到這些症狀的同一天被激活。當其他人打電話給瑞士石油公司時，他們被告知一切都是合法的，都在指導方針的範圍内。\n\nSwiss Physician Denounces 5G and Calls for a 5G Moratorium\n\n瑞士醫生譴責5G網絡，呼籲暫停5G網絡\n\nDr.Bertrand Buchs,who has also called for a 5G moratorium,states he has seen more and more patients with similar symptoms.He notes,\"In this case,our authorities are going against common sense…we risk experiencing a catastrophe in a few years…no serious study exists yet,which is not surprising when we know that this technology was developed in China,then to the United States.In Switzerland,we could open a line for people who feel bad,listen to these complaints and examine them.Our country has the means and the skills.The debate must be launched because the story is not about to end.\"\n\n伯特蘭·布克斯博士也呼籲暫停使用5G，他說他已經看到越來越多的病人出現類似的症狀。他指出，\"在這種情況下，我們的當局違背了常識......我們冒着在幾年内經曆一場災難的風險......目前還沒有嚴肅的研究存在，這并不奇怪，因爲我們知道這項技術是在中國開發的，然後是在美國。在瑞士，我們可以爲那些心情不好的人開設專線，傾聽他們的抱怨，并對他們進行調查。我們的國家有手段和技能。這場辯論必須啓動，因爲這個故事還沒有結束。\"\n\nSwisscom:Millions of Fast Connections\n\n數以百萬計的快速連接\n\nSwisscom states,\"5G will create new opportunities for residential customers and businesses across Switzerland.5G is the new mobile communication standard for digitisation,enabling the extremely fast connection of millions of devices,things and people.\"Will those millions of fast connection enable communication,or instead disable people from communicating due to illness?\n\n\"5G将爲瑞士各地的居民客戶和企業創造新的機會。5G是數字化的新移動通信标準，使數以百萬計的設備、物品和人能夠極快地連接起來。\"那些數以百萬計的快速連接能夠使通信成爲可能，還是因爲疾病而使人們無法進行通信？\n\nDear Diary:Loud Humming,Lots of Pain,Nausea,No Sleep\n\n親愛的日記:嘈雜的嗡嗡聲，劇痛，惡心，無法入睡\n\nThese stories parallel that of Anne Mills,author of\"All EMF'd Up\",who suffered wireless radiation poisoning in Germany when her husband was stationed there for work.She wrote a diary with identical symptoms of those in Geneva.As noted in the Swiss magazine L'Illustré article,her concerns,like those in Geneva,were dismissed.She consulted with German physician,Dr Horst Eger,to confirm her symptoms were that of microwave illness seen in military radar personnel and those working on microwave towers.All EMFd Up(Electromagnetic Fields):My Journey Through Wireless Radiation Poisoning and How You Can Protect Yourself.(2019)Anne Mills\"Mystery Illness\"In Cuban and Chinese Diplomats is Microwave Poisoning\n\n這些故事與《AllEMF'dUp》的作者安妮•米爾斯(AnneMills)的故事類似。米爾斯的丈夫在德國工作時，她遭受了無線輻射中毒。她寫了一本日記，裏面的症狀和日内瓦的一模一樣。正如瑞士雜志《l'illustr》的文章所指出的那樣，她的擔憂和日内瓦的擔憂一樣，都被駁回了。她咨詢了德國内科醫生霍斯特·伊格爾醫生，以确認她的症狀是軍用雷達人員和微波塔工作人員出現的微波疾病。電磁場:我的無線輻射中毒之旅以及如何保護自己。(2019)安妮米爾斯\"神秘疾病\"古巴和中國外交官微波中毒\n\nThe New York Times and CBS reported unexplained symptoms in diplomats living in China and Cuba in 2017 and 2018.The source was found to be microwave radiation.UC San Diego Professor of Medicine,Dr.Beatrice Golomb,published an article in Neural Computation in September 2018,discussing the symptoms of the diplomats living abroad.The symptoms that diplomats and their families experienced,i.e.sleep problems,headaches,strange auditory sounds,anxiety and dizziness were similar to those with microwave illness reported in military studies from pulsed microwave radiation.See Cuban Diplomats Likely Hit by Microwave Weapons.\n\n《紐約時報》和哥倫比亞廣播公司報道了2017年和2018年居住在中國和古巴的外交官出現的原因不明的症狀。發現來源是微波輻射。2018年9月，加州大學聖叠戈分校醫學教授BeatriceGolomb博士在《神經計算》雜志上發表了一篇文章，讨論了居住在國外的外交官的症狀。外交官及其家屬所經曆的症狀，如睡眠問題、頭痛、奇怪的聽覺聲音、焦慮和眩暈，與脈沖微波輻射報告的微波疾病類似。可能被微波武器擊中。\n\nMany Others Suffer Microwave Illness/Electrosensitivity\n\n許多其他人患有微波疾病/電敏感\n\nIt is reported that 3%to 30%of the population have symptoms similar to Microwave illness or electrosensitivity,depending on the country and if mild to severe symptoms are reported.\n\n據報告，3%至30%的人口有類似微波疾病或電敏感症狀，這取決于國家和是否報告輕微至嚴重的症狀。\n\nDr.Scott Eberle describes how a physician learned about his own electrosensitivity published originally in 2014 in the Sonoma Medicine and later reprinted in the Santa Clara County/Monterey County Medical Association Bulletin.You can read Dr.Scott Eberle's What's the Diagnosis,Doctor?He has also written\"An Underworld Journey:Learning to Cope with Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity.\"Dr.Scott Eberle.Ecopyschology.9(2):106-111,June 2017.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317923126_An_Underworld_Journey_Learning_to_Cope_with_Electromagnetic_Hypersensitivity\n\n斯科特·埃伯利博士描述了一位醫生是如何了解自己的電敏感性的，該研究最初于2014年在SonomaMedicine發表，後來在聖克拉拉縣/蒙特雷縣醫學協會公報上轉載。你可以閱讀ScottEberle博士的《他也寫了《地下之旅:學習如何應對電磁波過敏症》斯科特·埃伯利博士。生态學.9(2):106-111,2017年6月。\n\nWriter Alison Main has documented her experience in developing electrosensitivity and her frustration at being more isolated from other people and wireless technology she would like to use.Electro-Sensitivity:When the Modern World Hurts\n\n作家艾莉森·梅因記錄了她發展電敏感性的經曆，以及她因與其他人隔絕和她想使用的無線技術而感到的沮喪。\n\n1 occurrence1 response12 months ago\n五樣好東西是： \n\n1.睡前喝豆漿、(soya bean milk before sleep)\n \n睡前喝豆漿：豆漿富含100%的優質胺基酸，可製造充分的生長激素，促進身體的新陳代謝，消耗體內多餘的醣份和脂肪，所以睡前喝豆漿，有減肥的的效果，這就是「胺基酸減肥法」，又叫「懶人減肥法」。 \n此外，大豆富含異黃酮素（天然的雌激素），可降低血液中的膽固醇，保護心臟，預防心肌梗塞，所以女生得心血管疾病的機率只有男生的? 誘壑坐@，異黃酮素並可抑制人體鈣質的流失，還可預防與基因遺傳有關的乳癌與腸癌，因此睡前喝上一杯250cc的豆漿，冷熱甜淡隨意，可讓您有一個好睡眠、好體質。\n但是現在市面上的黃豆有80％是基因改造的，目前基因改造的食品對人體的影響如何還未可知，購買非基因改造豆漿，建議購買無防腐劑喔，睡前喝比早上喝的效益更大。 \n\n2..吃水果比吃蔬菜好 (fruits are better than vegetables) \n\n吃水果比吃蔬菜好：當個「好色之徒」吧，吃水果要選香的，顏色鮮豔的，含有大量松脂，多吃對身體有益。且吃水果比吃蔬菜好，松脂成分可抗壓，如芒果要選土芒果，葡萄要吃紫葡萄，西瓜選無子大紅西瓜，蜜瓜選綠色的，哈蜜瓜要選肉色的，水果中以榴璉的松脂居第一。然今後別再吃西柚因會抑制肝的解毒！ \n\n3.綠茶效益勝過水 (green tea is better than plain water) \n\n建議喝綠茶來代替水和紅茶，因水帶不走身上不好的物質，紅茶為已發酵的熟茶，因此綠茶優於紅茶，多喝綠茶可以降低巴金森，且綠茶含兒茶素，能保護關節軟骨緩解疼痛。另外，泡過後無味的綠茶包，可用來擦過敏的皮膚跟濕疹唷！ \n\n4.天天來杯咖啡吧 (a daily coffee is good for you) \n\n喝咖啡選阿拉伯豆：每天一杯咖啡，喝咖啡的好處是咖啡可抑制多巴胺L-Dopa，預防老化、巴金森氏症、防癌，咖啡會活化大腦命令四肢時所需要的傳導物，年老以後身手較為協調，壞處是喝咖啡會流失鈣與一些維他命。\n懷孕前三個月禁喝，因易流產。此外，喝咖啡要選阿拉伯豆，不是爪哇豆，豆子要新鮮，放久了會產生黃麴毒素。\n\n5.將癌細胞改邪歸正的蕃薯 (sweet potato can get away the cancel cells) \n\n蕃薯導正病變細胞：蕃薯含神經節肝酯，能導正病變細胞；且蕃薯可以減肥，因為其澱粉是水溶性纖維，不會囤積體內。\n蕃薯的甜味是多醣，對人體有益，比吃飯更有飽足感，建議一週可用一餐蕃薯代替飯來吃。蕃薯愈紅愈甜愈好，烤的比水煮和蒸的好，且烤後連皮一起吃更好。 \n專作放射線之醫師，認為『微波爐』會利用電波少一個正價電子，運用水分子之震盪使食物變熱，所以食物易變成自由基，就會容易致癌。所以偶而方便用一下，最好還是少用『微波爐』最好！ \n\n以下文章值得參考 \n\n人體內的有毒物質主要來源於兩個途徑：一是大氣與水源中的污染物、通過呼吸及進餐而侵入人體內，鉛、鋁、汞等重金屬就是其代表；另一個是食物在體內代謝後的廢物，如自由基、硫化氫等。時下，清除體內垃圾已成健康時尚。\n\n以下方法可幫您及時清除體內毒素。 \n\n1.主動咳嗽法: (proactive cough) \n自然界中的粉塵、金屬微粒及廢氣中的毒性物質，通過呼吸進入肺臟，既損害肺臟，又通過血液迴圈而!株連'全身。借助主動咳嗽可以'清掃'肺臟。每天到室外空氣清新處做深呼吸運動，深吸氣時緩緩抬起雙臂，然後主動咳嗽，使氣流從口、鼻中噴出，咳出痰液。 \n\n2.飲水沖洗法：(have a cup of plain water after getting up in the morning) \n定時排便，縮短糞便在腸道內的停留時間，及時排出糞便中的毒素。每天清晨空腹喝一杯溫開水，有利於大便通暢以及毒素從尿液中排出。\n\n3.運動出汗法：(do exercises) \n皮膚也是排泄毒素的途徑，主要通過出汗的方式，讓毒素隨汗液排出體外。 \n\n4.巧用食物法：\n \n●常飲鮮果、鮮菜汁(不經炒煮)，鮮果、鮮菜汁是體內'清潔劑'，牠們能排除體內堆積的毒素和廢物。(fruit and vegetable juices are good) \n\n●常吃海帶，海帶對放射性物質有特別的親和力，海帶膠質能促使體內的放射性物質隨著大號排出體外，從而減少放射性物質在人體內的積聚，也減少了放射性疾病的發生率。( sea weeds are good) \n\n●常喝綠豆湯，綠豆湯能輔助排泄體內的毒素，促進機體的正常代謝。(green bean soup helps metabolism) \n\n\n\n1 occurrence1 responseabout 1 year ago"],["topImageUrl",null],["error",null]]}]}],["text","請幫我看看這是真的還是假的：https://cofacts.org/article/1tquqcbas7b1m"],["id","3bsmif2pqmtb"],["createdAt","2020-07-23T09:25:02.110Z"]]}],["reply",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","IeIge3MBb3SlMKoA31jB"],["user",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["id","AVriAlOoyrDaTqlmmqhC"],["name","Lin"],["avatarUrl",null],["level",22]]}],["type","NOT_ARTICLE"],["text","測試用之無意義訊息。"],["reference",""],["hyperlinks",{"__iterable":"List","data":[]}],["createdAt","2020-07-23T10:03:38.825Z"]]}]]}]}],["searchArticles",{"__iterable":"List","data":[]}],["searchReplies",{"__iterable":"List","data":[]}]]}]]},"replyDetail":{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["state",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["isLoading",false],["isAuthLoading",false],["isReplyLoading",false]]}],["data",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["reply",null],["originalReplyConnection",null]]}]]},"auth":{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["state",{"__iterable":"Map","data":[["isLoading",false],["isDialogShown",false]]}],["user",null]]}}

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