立可帶-發明於日本
Seed/1989
穿越時空?
CLUSION
there
This ch sources as well as changes in the pattern of
antage. These events inject various new needs for
government intervention. While the argument for national defense is
soperflous when a government enjoys a monopoly in arms production,
a valid case for political instability associated with the
ployment in the secular change. The pursuit of national
should be allowed if its external effects on international trade
de not exceed the limits set by international agreements.
Intervention is necessary incorrecting market distortions. In the
vase of commodity market imperfection, subsidies can be used to
supplement
legal mechanism and government
intervention, either in the form of subsidy or tax, is necessary to
remove the divergence between private and social marginal casts.
Subsidies are also the right mechanise to deal with factor price
rigidity and factor imobility, while changes in the exchange rate
provide an alternative when distortion exists in all industries.
Non-tariff measures are preferred in nurturing infant industries, and
the criterion in assessing the validity of an intervention is whether
the gain from intervention will be sufficient to wipe out the cost to
the society. When distortions exist in foreign markets, the
imposition of optimum tariff would result in losses in world welfare
and invites retaliations. Counteractions against dumped and
subsidized imports are
inappropriate.
correct marker
distortions. The move towards a managed floating exchange rate system
greatly eliminated the need for intervention to maintain the par
values of national currencies. The CEPG's preference for general
import restrictions to improve balance of payments position is
AN examined the classic free trade theory and the
invalidated by various counterarguments.
means
to
傑出的一手