https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/lab-made-coronavirus-triggers-debate-34502
美國科學家雜誌（the scientist magazine）早在2015年已經報道，新形冠狀病毒的研發過程及製造！有文獻記載！
Ralph Baric 一名美國北卡羅來納州大學有2015年11月9日刊登他們團隊，製做一種擁有SCH014表面蛋白質冠狀病毒的研究。
病毒2015年已經製造出來。從一種來自中國找到的蝙蝠身上的病毒培植，用導致老鼠感染Sars的冠狀病毒做骨幹。能夠構成嚴重上呼吸部及肺部感染。
（誰說造謠的，請找美國科學家雜誌去）
the-scientist.com
Lab-Made Coronavirus Triggers Debate
The creation of a chimeric SARS-like virus has scientists discussing the risks of gain-of-function research.
Jef Akst
Nov 16, 2015
Ralph Baric, an infectious-disease researcher at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, last week (November 9) published a study on his team’s efforts to engineer a virus with the surface protein of the SHC014 coronavirus, found in horseshoe bats in China, and the backbone of one that causes human-like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in mice. The hybrid virus could infect human airway cells and caused disease in mice, according to the team’s results, which were published in Nature Medicine.
The results demonstrate the ability of the SHC014 surface protein to bind and infect human cells, validating concerns that this virus—or other coronaviruses found in bat species—may be capable of making the leap to people without first evolving in an intermediate host, Nature reported. They also reignite a debate about whether that information justifies the risk of such work, known as gain-of-function research. “If the [new] virus escaped, nobody could predict the trajectory,” Simon Wain-Hobson, a virologist at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, told Nature.
In October 2013, the US government put a stop to all federal funding for gain-of-function studies, with particular concern rising about influenza, SARS, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). “NIH [National Institutes of Health] has funded such studies because they help define the fundamental nature of human-pathogen interactions, enable the assessment of the pandemic potential of emerging infectious agents, and inform public health and preparedness efforts,” NIH Director Francis Collins said in a statement at the time. “These studies, however, also entail biosafety and biosecurity risks, which need to be understood better.”
Baric’s study on the SHC014-chimeric coronavirus began before the moratorium was announced, and the NIH allowed it to proceed during a review process, which eventually led to the conclusion that the work did not fall under the new restrictions, Baric told Nature. But some researchers, like Wain-Hobson, disagree with that decision.
The debate comes down to how informative the results are. “The only impact of this work is the creation, in a lab, of a new, non-natural risk,” Richard Ebright, a molecular biologist and biodefence expert at Rutgers University, told Nature.
But Baric and others argued the study’s importance. “[The results] move this virus from a candidate emerging pathogen to a clear and present danger,” Peter Daszak, president of the EcoHealth Alliance, which samples viruses from animals and people in emerging-diseases hotspots across the globe, told Nature.
https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/lab-made-coronavirus-triggers-debate-34502
以下是中文譯本（翻譯自 google translate app）
實驗室製造的冠狀病毒引發辯論
嵌合型SARS病毒的產生使科學家們討論了獲得功能研究的風險。
傑夫·阿克斯特
2015年11月16日
北卡羅來納大學教堂山分校的傳染病研究人員拉爾夫·巴里克（Ralph Baric）上週（11月9日）發表了一項研究，研究了他的研究小組利用在中國的馬蹄蝠中發現的具有SHC014冠狀病毒表面蛋白的病毒工程化病毒的努力。 以及引起小鼠類似人的嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症（SARS）的骨架。 研究小組的結果發表在《自然醫學》雜誌上，該雜種病毒可能感染人的氣道細胞並引起小鼠疾病。
結果表明，SHC014表面蛋白具有結合和感染人類細胞的能力，這證實了人們對該病毒（或蝙蝠物種中發現的其他冠狀病毒）能否在不首先進化為中間宿主的情況下向人飛躍的擔憂。 他們還引發了關於該信息是否可證明進行此類工作的風險的辯論，稱為功能獲得研究。 巴黎巴斯德研究所的病毒學家西蒙·韋恩·霍布森（Simon Wain-Hobson）告訴《自然》雜誌：“如果[新]病毒逃脫了，那麼誰也無法預測這一軌跡。”
2013年10月，美國政府停止了所有用於功能獲得研究的聯邦資金，尤其是對流感，SARS和中東呼吸綜合徵（MERS）的關注日益增加。 美國國立衛生研究院主任弗朗西斯·柯林斯說：“美國國立衛生研究院（NIH）為此類研究提供了資助，因為它們有助於確定人與病原體相互作用的基本性質，能夠評估新興傳染病的大流行潛力，並為公共衛生和備災工作提供信息。” 當時在一份聲明中說。 “但是，這些研究還涉及生物安全和生物安全風險，需要更好地理解。”
Baric告訴《自然》，Baric對SHC014嵌合冠狀病毒的研究在宣布暫停宣布之前就開始了，NIH允許其在審查過程中進行，最終得出結論認為該工作不屬於新的限制。 但是，一些研究人員，例如Wain-Hobson，不同意這一決定。
爭論歸結為結果如何豐富。 羅格斯大學分子生物學家兼生物防禦專家理查德·埃布賴特（Richard Ebright）對自然界說：“這項工作的唯一影響是在實驗室中創造了一種新的非自然風險。”
但巴里奇（Baric）和其他人則認為這項研究很重要。 “（結果）將這種病毒從候選的新興病原體轉移到了明顯的當前危險中，” EcoHealth Alliance總裁彼得·達薩克（Peter Daszak）告訴《自然》雜誌，該聯盟從全球新興疾病熱點地區的動物和人類中採集病毒。
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