真的假的

平安夜 (Silent Night) 歌的背後故事 每當聖誕節的晚上, 聽到這首世界名曲, 就會讓人深深覺得心情沉澱與溫暖. 這首歌的起源是1818年時, 有一個在奧地利阿爾卑斯山區巡迴演唱的樂團, 在12月23號這一天, 抵達一個在薩爾斯堡 (Salzburg) 附近的一個小村莊, 叫做 Oberndorf. 當時他們想在一間小教堂, 叫做聖尼可拉斯 (Saint Nicolas, 如照片) 重建耶穌出生故事的一項表演. 但不巧的是, 教堂的風琴壞掉, 而且沒辦法在聖誕節那天之前修好. 由於教堂的風琴停用, 他們只好在私人的家裡演練這個聖誕節的節目. 當時教堂的一位助理牧師叫 Joseph Mohr, 當晚他並沒有直接走回家, 而是到外面走了一段遠路, 沿著一條小路, 走到一個山坡上,當他從坡頂往下俯視著這個寧靜且被白雪覆蓋的小村子. 他陶醉在這個冬天夜晚的寧靜, 這時讓他想到了兩年前所寫的一首詩, 這是有關天使前來對山坡上的牧羊人報救世主彌賽亞(耶穌) 出生的佳音. 於是他決定要把這些詩詞寫成一首歌,在聖誕節前夕演唱給教友們聽. 於是隔天他就跑去找教堂的風琴師, Frank Gruber. 這個時候 Gruber 就在只剩短短的的幾個小時內, 譜出了這一首曲子, 並且用吉他來表演它. 當天晚上也就是聖誕節的前夕, 在這個小教堂裡,信徒們第一次聽到Gruber 和 Mohr 用吉他表演出這首名曲. 幾個禮拜以後, 當時一位製作風琴的名師叫做, Karl Mauracher, 來到這個小鎮, 幫尼可拉斯教堂把這部風琴修好,並邀請 Gruber 來表演 Mohr 所寫的這首聖誕節詩篇 "Silent Night". 當這位風琴名師聽到這首曲子的彈奏, 深受感動, 就把歌譜帶回他的家鄉. 當地兩個很有名的歌唱家庭, the Rainers 和 the Strassers, 聽到了這首歌也深為驚訝. 於是他們就把這首新歌放進他們聖誕季節演唱的曲目裡. the Strassers 姊妹把這首歌帶到北歐巡迴演唱, 並且在1823年為當時的普魯士國王,斐特列.威廉六世演唱. 後來這位國王下令他的教堂合唱團, 在每一個聖誕節前夕,一定要唱這首平安夜. 在平安夜這首歌寫完後的20年, the Rainers 家族把它帶到美國在紐約的 Trinity 教堂, 用德語版演唱,後來就被翻成英文, 進而流行到世界各地. 補充說明: 1) 薩爾斯堡 Salzburg 這個德文字拆開來的話是 Salz + burg, = 英文的 salt (中文為”鹽”) + castle (城堡). 2) 每年12月24日下午五點 (中歐時間), 在奧地利這個 Oberndorf 小鎮的聖尼可拉斯小教堂前面, 就會有來自奧地利, 德國的人, 以及世界各地的觀光客, 聚集在此, 欣賞這首歌由合唱團用德文唱出, 並配合吉他的演奏, 原汁原味的重建1818年時的場景. 最後有興趣的人可以來聽聽, 這首相當好聽的德文原版的"平安夜"; Stille Nacht (= 英文 Silent Night). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p97sxREC00

https://youtu.be/WdgrvZMTgaU?si=phwZTk-36qvUCX7z

https://youtube.com/shorts/hT5kubrhkFg?si=-RsjeoAHA3RAYsKI

美國NBC電視台在7/2報導有關由Eli Lilly 公司推出的阿茲海默症藥物經第二階段的臨床試驗結果，獲得美國FDA的批准！茲將摘要譯為中文給予大家參考。 美國FDA 批准Alzheimer治療方法，該療法已被證明可以減緩記憶力下降 這種donanemab，是美國第二種可用治療Alzheimer的藥物，試驗顯示可以適度減緩記憶和思考能力的下降。 藥物 donanemab 將以 「Kisunla 」品牌銷售，是一種單株抗體輸注劑，每四週注射一次。 該藥廠表示，FDA 批准該藥物用於患有輕度認知障礙或早期阿茲海默症的成年人；「Kisunla 」的作用是針對大腦中的澱粉樣蛋白，這種蛋白被認為是阿茲海默症的一個標誌（hallmark）。 Mayo Clinic的神經科醫生Dr. Ronald Petersen說，這項批准意義重大，因為它為這種毀滅性疾病增加了另一種治療選擇。去年夏天，FDA 完全批准了一種名為 Leqembi 的類似藥物。Dr. Ronald Petersen說： 「這將為臨床醫生和患者提供選擇，」 據阿茲海默症協會稱，至2023 年，預計將有 670 萬 65 歲及以上的美國人患有阿茲海默症，而到 2060 年，這一數字將增至 1,380 萬人。 與同類藥物一樣，「Kisunla 」也具有潛在的危及生命的副作用，包括腦腫脹和腦出血。據 FDA 稱，儘管試驗中發現的大多數病例都是輕微的，但有三例死亡與該藥物有關。 然而最重要的是： 醫療保險可能涵蓋治療費用。 禮來公司表示，Kisunla 藥物12 個月的供應成本為 32,000 美元。 醫療保險預計將為該藥物提供承保。去年，醫療保險和醫療補助服務中心表示，它將支付獲得 FDA 完全批准的新阿茲海默症藥物的費用，儘管這將要求醫生收集有關藥物在現實世界中表現如何的數據。 FDA 最初定於三月就該治療做出決定，但後來將此決定稍微延後，以便從其顧問小組獲得更多關於其益處>副作用的咨詢（guidance）———（the benefits outweighed the side effects.） 上個月，FDA的外部專家委員會一致建議批准該藥物。 原文如下，供參考。 FDA approves Alzheimer’s treatment that has been shown to slow decline in memory The drug, also called donanemab, is the second treatment available in the U.S. that has been shown in trials to modestly slow a decline in memory and thinking abilities. Jul. 2, 2024, 1:42 PM EDT / Updated Jul. 2, 2024, 2:28 PM EDT by Berkeley Lovelace Jr. | NBC NEWS The Food and Drug Administration approved a new Alzheimer’s drug from Eli Lilly that has been shown in clinical trials to modestly slow a decline in memory and thinking abilities in people with the disease, the drugmaker said Tuesday. The drug donanemab, which will be sold under the brand name Kisunla, is a monoclonal antibody infusion given every four weeks. The FDA cleared the drug for use in adults with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer’s disease, the drugmaker said. Kisunla works by targeting amyloid in the brain, considered a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. The approval is significant because it adds another treatment option for the devastating disease, said Dr. Ronald Petersen, a neurologist at the Mayo Clinic. Last summer, the FDA granted full approval to a similar drug called Leqembi. “It will give clinicians and patients a choice,” Petersen said. An estimated 6.7 million Americans ages 65 and older were living with Alzheimer’s in 2023, according to the Alzheimer’s Association. The number is projected to increase to 13.8 million by 2060. The agency’s approval was based on a late-stage clinical trial of 1,700 people that showed the drug slowed the progression of Alzheimer’s by about 35% after 18 months, compared to a placebo. Decline was measured using the clinical dementia rating scale, which focuses on how well patients performed in six categories: memory, orientation, judgment and problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care. The results were comparable to those seen with Leqembi. Once a patient’s amyloid has reached very low levels, Eli Lilly expects they would be allowed to stop taking the treatment, the company has said. It is not yet known if or when the amyloid might come back, but if it does, a patient would likely need to restart the treatment. Like other drugs in its class, Kisunla also comes with potentially life-threatening side effects, which include brain swelling and brain bleeding. Although most cases identified in the trial were mild, ​​three deaths were linked to the drug, according to the FDA. Kisunla is now the second Alzheimer’s drug of its kind approved, behind Leqmebi. A third drug — Biogen’s Aduhelm — was taken off the market earlier this year. Medicare likely to cover treatment Pat Bishara, a 79-year-old mother of three from Carmel, Indiana, participated in both the phase 3 trial and the extension trial, which offered Kisunla to those initially given a placebo. She was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment in late 2017 and joined the trial in mid-2021. Along with the monthly infusion, Bishara was also regularly evaluated by a psychologist. She had her final infusion on June 6. Bishara said she had no noticeable side effects during the trial. Although she sometimes has trouble remembering peoples’ names, she said, most people might not even realize she has the disease. She attributes that to the treatment. “I feel in my heart I wouldn’t be doing as well as I’m doing if I wouldn’t have been on something,” Bishara said. Lilly said Kisunla will cost $32,000 for a 12-month supply. Medicare is expected to provide coverage for the drug. Last year, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services said it will pay for new Alzheimer’s drugs that are granted full FDA approval, although it will require physicians to collect data about how well the drugs perform in the real world. The FDA was initially set to decide about the treatment in March but delayed the decision in order to get more guidance from its advisory panel on whether the benefits outweighed the side effects. Last month, the agency’s committee of outside experts unanimously recommended the drug’s approval.

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