npr New COVID-1⋯⋯ | Cofacts 真的假的

轉分享：這是中研院生醫所所長郭沛恩院士 (他也是UCSF 教授）寫給前副總統陳健仁及時中部長，関於目前COVID-19 的一些建議，希望政府能夠接納。 Dear VP Chen, Hope that things are going well. I just completed my 9th quarantine after my 9th trip to Taipei during the pandemic and see that the Omicron variant of COVID-19 is now firmly established in Taiwan. While the CECC is moving quickly to address the widening spread of COVID-Omicron and is heading in the right direction, I find that the current policy is unsustainable and the messaging can be much improved. Since I was told that the CECC would welcome my suggestions, I have decided to do so. Please forward this message to the CECC for their consideration. 1. It is now very clear that COVID-Omicron is a very different disease than COVID-ALPHA/BETA/DELTA. Current vaccines are developed from COVID-ALPHA and cannot prevent INFECTION by COVID-Omicron even though they lower significantly the risk of SEVERE DISEASE and DEATH for those who are fully vaccinated and received booster shots recently. In addition, COVID-Omicron is highly contagious and has a very short incubation time; but it causes a milder disease, including shortened disease course and contagious period. 2. Because of the above, contact tracing does not work and avoiding infection is futile except one is in strict isolation or wears a PROPERLY FITTED N95 mask around others (see a very nice article about this in the NYT attached). This means that COVID testing in asymptomatic people is a waste of resources and is justified only in a limited set of situations (such as someone who works closely with vulnerable populations - e.g., nursing home and hospital workers - who has been in close contact with a positive case and needs to test negative to return to work). 3. Although the rate of hospitalization and death due to COVID-Omicron is low, when large populations are infected, the number of severe cases and severe disease is still significant (0.4% of 23 million people hospitalized = 92,000 in the hospital; 0.04% of 23 million people can die = 9,200 deaths) so the key is to keep the vulnerable people from developing severe disease. Medications used for COVID-ALPHA/BETA/DELTA variants such as antibody treatments and Remdesivir, etc., do not work for COVID-Omicron but the oral antivirals from Pfizer and Merck work amazingly well for preventing death (>85% reduction) and hospitalization. Paxlovid has done better in clinical trials to prevent hospitalization but it has many drug-drug interactions so many elderly people cannot use it. Molnupiravir has the theoretical risk of mutagenesis in pregnant women but for the elderly who are past reproductive age, it is a very safe and effective drug to use. I encourage the CECC to contact their counterparts in Japan, Singapore, Israel and the UK to get their experience in using these two oral anti-virals in the recent COVID-Omicron surge. [Full Disclosure: Dr. Dean Li, President of Merck Research Laboratories, is my brother-in-law so I am not pushing the Merck pill for obvious conflict of interest reasons.] Based on the above, my suggestions on messaging are: 1. Tell the country that COVID-Omicron is an entirely different disease than the previous COVID variants so the whole country IS NOT IMMUNE to getting the infection. However, through the sacrifice and cooperation of everyone in Taiwan, the country succeeded in preventing disease and death during the previous waves of infection that caused a lot of problems around the world. This is shared success that the CECC and everyone in Taiwan should take credit, be proud of, and very relieved by. 2. Despite the fact that no one is protected from infection, but because COVID-Omicron is mild, public health policy needs to be adjusted to focus on treating the vulnerable rather than preventing infection of all. 3. Acknowledge that some segments of society have been severely affected by COVID policies so the recovery of these sectors is taken in consideration in updating the public health policy. 4. Acknowledge that some COVID policies were confusing to the public in the past so the new policies will be more consistent and logical. For example, the policy of requiring masking outdoors while people eating at restaurants indoors are not required to mask makes no sense. My suggestions for the new policy are geared towards lowering hospitalization and death rates while avoiding unnecessary disruptions in people's lives: 1. Push vaccination for vulnerable groups (the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions that make them more prone to severe disease). Send vaccination nurses to the nursing homes and neighborhoods with elderly people to get everyone fully vaccinated (including booster shots). Getting the 30% of those 65-75 and 44% of elderly >75 who have not been fully vaccinated and boosted should be a high priority 2. Use the "test positive and treat" strategy for those in vulnerable groups. As I mentioned before, Paxlovid for all but Molnupiravir for those who cannot take Paxlovid. Treat them before their symptoms get worse because it is cheaper to give them the medicine than risk their need for hospitalization. 3. No more putting those with mild disease in special facilities or hospitals so that there are plenty of capacity for those who need hospitalization. 4. Recommend (not mandate with threat of punishment) those who have close contact with COVID-Omicron patients to mask around others for 5 days (no need to do so with household members because they are already given it to them) if they are asymptomatic. 5. No testing of asymptomatic people unless their job requires it (nursing home, hospital, etc.). 6. No more closing schools, factories, or offices because of positive COVID-Omicron cases. 7. No more mandatory masking except for those described in #4 above. People here are so used to masking that many will still do so with the threat of punishment. 8. No more mandatory quarantine, even for those who test positive. Highly recommend those who test positive to wear a mask when around people and not eat with others but not make it a punishable offense. [Treat them like people who have a bad flu, not like criminals.] 9. No more testing or quarantine requirements for visitors from abroad. As the local infection rate is now higher than that many other countries, there is no reason to require new arrivals to do anything different when they are asymptomatic. It's confusing to many that I can go anywhere in the world without quarantine but have to do quarantine plus multiple tests when arriving in Taiwan (and a handful of Asian countries). The benefit of the policies listed above is that the resources of the country are directed toward saving lives rather than collecting lots of infection data. It will reclaim the international travel hub status of Taoyuan International Airport (and not let Singapore and Seoul dominate the air travel sector) and revive the tourism, convention, airline, hotel businesses. It will simplify everyone's life and reduce anxiety. It may be counter intuitive but if you look at the data from the US university campuses and European countries, it is better to get as many young people infected as quickly as possible to shorten the surge while building up herd immunity for COVID-Omicron without a lot of severe cases. The old policy for flattening the curve is to prevent overwhelming the hospitals but with oral antivirals and milder disease, there is no need to flatten the curve. It is better to get the whole surge completed in 2 months like in most countries that pursue a more open policy. I am convinced that when the messaging is clear and based on current understanding of the situation, the people will embrace it and praise the CECC's leadership. Best, Pui -- Pui-Yan Kwok, MD, PhD Director, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica

11 人回報・1 則回應・4 年前

加拿大BC 省疾病控制中心提供有關新型肺炎資料，糾正許多網上誤傳資料： News The BC Centre of Disease Control (BCCDC) wants to clear up “several misconceptions” being spread about coronavirus on social media. （希望澄清部分誤解） In a series of tweets, the BCCDC provides a clear explanation about the virus and the ways it can and cannot be transmitted: （清楚解釋病毒傳播的特性） “The receptors for coronavirus are deep in a person’s lungs – a person must inhale enough of the virus that it can actually bind to those receptors deep in the lungs,” （病毒只入侵病者喉嚨深處，病人需吸入一定份量病毒才能粘著喉嚨產生病變）says the BCCDC, adding that the virus is transmitted through “larger droplets that fall quickly out of the air (for example, after a sneeze)” meaning it is not airborne. （病毒粘著較大的飛沫傳播，較大的飛沫會很快下墜，故此空氣傳播是一個誤區） The virus also doesn’t spread through “casual contact.” Individuals must be in close contact (within two metres) to be able to inhale droplets from a cough or a sneeze that is not covered.（要吸入因沒阻擋咳嗽或打噴嚏的帶菌飛涎，應是兩米內範圍或接觸了遺留在物件表面的病毒然後接觸面部引至入侵） If an individual touches a surface or object that has droplets containing the coronavirus, they are not in risk of getting the virus in their body as long as they clean their hands before touching their face or mouth. （祇要勤洗手，就算是接觸了都不會透過皮膚傳染，傳染通常是帶菌的手接觸口眼鼻誘發） “Coronavirus is not something that comes through the skin. This virus is remitted through large droplets that are breathed deep into a person’s lungs,” says the BCCDC. As for masks, they should be used by sick people in order to prevent transmission to others, as the masks help keep droplets contained.（面罩的功效是阻擋患者飛沫亂飛） However, it may be less effective to wear facemask when a person is not sick, as they “may give a person a false sense of security” and increase times they touch their face in order to adjust the mask.（對非患者口罩保護功能不高，反之給了非患者錯誤的安全感，忘記了用未經洗滌的手去接觸臉部而受到感染） So what is the most important thing people can do to prevent themselves from getting the virus? Wash your hands regularly and avoid touching your face, says the BCCDC.（避免感染最好方法是勤洗手洗去接觸到的飛涎及不要用手接觸面部） “Cover your mouth when you cough so you’re not exposing other people. If you are sick yourself, stay away from others. Contact your health care provider ahead of time so you can be safely assessed.”（患者的責任是咳嗽及打噴嚏一定要把口鼻掩蓋，如有病徵要立即尋求醫護並事前通報以能作出避免病毒傳播）

5 人回報・1 則回應・6 年前

以色列卫生部｜辉瑞疫苗杀死的老年人比疾病本身杀死的老年人多40倍 2021年3月5日摘要以色列卫生部的最新分析得出结论，在最近5周的疫苗接种期间，辉瑞公司的新冠病毒疫苗导致的死亡人数”大约是该病毒本身导致死亡人数的40倍”，而年轻人的死亡人数则是病毒导致死亡人数的260倍。以色列卫生部｜辉瑞疫苗杀死的老年人比疾病本身杀死的老年人多40倍 New analysis from the Israeli Health Ministry concluded Pfizer's COVID vaccine killed"about 40 times more(elderly)people than the disease itself would have killed"during a recent five-week vaccination period,and 260 times more younger people than would have died from the virus. 以色列卫生部的最新分析得出结论，在最近5周的疫苗接种期间，辉瑞公司的新冠病毒疫苗导致的死亡人数"大约是该病毒本身导致死亡人数的40倍"，而年轻人的死亡人数则是病毒导致死亡人数的260倍。 While in January a group of independent doctors concluded that experimental COVID-19 vaccines are"not safer"than the virus itself,a new analysis of vaccine-related death rates in Israel demonstrates that this may indeed be the case to dramatic levels. 今年1月，一组独立医生得出结论，实验性的2019冠状病毒疾病疫苗并不比病毒本身更安全，但对以色列与疫苗相关的死亡率进行的一项新分析表明，情况可能确实如此，达到了惊人的水平。 A re-analysis of published data from the Israeli Health Ministry by Dr.Hervé Seligmann,a member of the faculty of Medicine Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases at Aix-Marseille University,and engineer Haim Yativ reveal,in short,that the mRNA experimental vaccine from Pfizer killed"about 40 times more(elderly)people than the disease itself would have killed"during a recent five-week vaccination period.Among the younger class,these numbers are compounded to death rates at 260 times what the COVID-19 virus would have claimed in the given time frame. 艾克斯-马赛大学医学新兴传染病和热带疾病学院的 hervé Seligmann 博士和工程师 Haim Yativ 对以色列卫生部公布的数据进行了重新分析，简而言之，辉瑞公司的 mRNA 实验疫苗在最近五周的疫苗接种期间造成的死亡人数比疾病本身造成的死亡人数多40倍。在年轻一代中，这些数字加起来的死亡率是2019冠状病毒疾病病毒在给定时间范围内的死亡率的260倍。 While the full mathematical analysis may be found in the article itself,the authors demonstrate how among"those vaccinated and above 65,0.2%…died during the three-week period between doses,hence about 200 among 100,000 vaccinated.This is to be compared to the 4.91 dead among 100,000 dying from COVID-19 without vaccination." 虽然完整的数学分析可以在文章本身中找到，但是作者证明了"那些接种疫苗和超过65,0.2%的人......是如何在三周期间死亡的，因此在100,000接种疫苗的人中大约有200人。"。这个数字可以和没有接种疫苗的100,000名死于2019冠状病毒疾病中的4.91人相提并论 "This scary picture also extends to those below 65,"the researchers continued.During the five-week vaccination process"0.05%,meaning 50 among 100,000,died.This is to be compared to the 0.19 per 100,000 dying from COVID-19(who)are not vaccinated…Hence the death rate of this age group increased by 260(times)during this five-week period of the vaccination process,as compared to their natural COVID-19 death rate." 研究人员继续说:"这种可怕的情况也延伸到了65岁以下的人群。"在为期五周的疫苗接种过程中，"0.05%，即10万人中有50人死亡。因此，在这五周的疫苗接种过程中，这个年龄组的死亡率比他们的自然死亡率增加了260倍，而他们的自然死亡率为每100,000人中有0.19人，没有接种2019冠状病毒疾病......因此，这个年龄组的死亡率比他们的自然2019冠状病毒疾病死亡率增加了260倍 As reported by IsraelNationalNews(INN),Seligmann is of Israeli-Luxembourg nationality,has a biology degree from Hebrew University of Jerusalem,and has written more than 100 scientific publications.INN reports the researchers"have no conflicts or interests other than having children in Israel." 据以色列国家新闻报道，塞利格曼是以色列-卢森堡国籍，拥有希伯来大学的生物学学位，并发表过100多篇科学论文。国家旅游局报告说，研究人员"除了在以色列生孩子之外，没有其他利益冲突。" Yativ and Seligmann stipulate that even these"estimated numbers of deaths from the vaccine are probably much lower than actual numbers as it accounts only for those defined as COVID-19 deaths for that short time period and does not include AVC and cardiac(and other)events resulting from the inflammatory reactions." Yativ 和 Seligmann 规定，即使这些"估计的疫苗死亡人数也可能远远低于实际数字，因为它只包括那些在短时间内被定义为2019冠状病毒疾病死亡的人，而不包括由炎症反应导致的动静脉畸形和心脏(以及其他)事件。" Nor do these numbers"account for long-term complications,"they write. 他们写道，这些数字也不能"解释长期并发症"。 In addition,within several months they expect"mid-and long-term adverse effects of the vaccination as ADE(Antibody-dependent Enhancement)"begins to become manifest in those who have received the experimental Pfizer vaccine. 此外，在几个月内，他们预计"中期和长期的不良反应疫苗接种作为 ADE(抗体依赖性增强作用)"开始成为明显的那些已经接受实验辉瑞疫苗。 As explained by America's Frontline Doctors(AFLDS),ADE"is when anti-COVID antibodies,created by a vaccine,instead of protecting the person,cause a more severe or lethal disease when the person is later exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in the wild.The vaccine amplifies the infection rather than preventing damage." 正如美国前线医生(AFLDS)解释的那样，ADE"是指当人后来在野外暴露于 SARS-CoV-2时，由疫苗产生的抗Covid 抗体，而不是保护人体，导致更严重或致命的疾病。这种疫苗加重了感染，而不是防止了损害。" AFLDS provides an example of a vaccine produced to fight the Dengue fever,which resulted in deaths of 600 children in the Philippines due to ADE,and the filing of criminal charges against the decision-makers in 2019. 菲律宾儿童和青少年司提供了一个为防治登革热而生产疫苗的例子，登革热在菲律宾造成600名儿童死亡，2019年对决策者提出了刑事指控。 For these reasons and more,AFLDS and many other doctors strongly discourage the use of these experimental vaccines for most people while only acknowledging that it may be plausible for those over 70 years of age,yet acknowledging that such injections are"a higher risk than early or prophylactic treatment with established medications"(sources here, here, here, and here). 由于这些原因以及更多的原因，AFLDS 和许多其他医生强烈反对大多数人使用这些实验性疫苗，同时只承认这对70岁以上的人来说可能是合理的，但也承认这种注射"比早期或使用现有药物进行预防性治疗的风险更高"(来源是这里、这里、这里和这里)。 Given these death rates,Yativ and Seligmann also have harsh criticism for the severe pressure being imposed upon the population by Israeli authorities to receive these shots.According to INN,the researchers call these draconian efforts"a new Holocaust." 鉴于这些死亡率，Yativ 和 Seligmann 也受到严厉批评，因为以色列当局对居民施加了接受这些射击的严厉压力。国际犹太人学院称，研究人员将这些严酷的努力称为"新的大屠杀" In the past weeks,Israel's government made headlines when they adopted a"green pass"system,allowing people who have been injected to receive a green code,which then grants them entry into places such as entertainment and leisure facilities. 过去几周，以色列政府采用了"绿色通行证"制度，允许被注射者获得绿色代码，然后允许他们进入娱乐和休闲设施等场所。 As the country reopens after a two-month lockdown,the green pass would be given only to those who had been injected,not to people who tested negative for the virus.The proposed benefits include access to"non-essential"businesses as well as not being required to self-isolate if identified as a close contact of a confirmed case of COVID-19,and not having to self-isolate after a return from what the government calls a"red location." 随着这个国家在两个月的封锁后重新开放，绿色通行证将只发给那些被注射的人，而不是那些病毒检测呈阴性的人。拟议的好处包括可以进入"非必要"的企业，如果被确认为确诊的2019冠状病毒疾病病例的密切接触者，不必自我隔离，也不必在从政府所谓的"红色地点"返回后自我隔离 Despite there being no proof that these experimental vaccines actually prevent transmission of the virus,Israel's minister for health,Yuli Edelstein,said upon the release of the vaccine"passport"that"(g)etting vaccinated is a moral duty.It is part of our mutual responsibility."He went further,declaring,"Whoever does not get vaccinated will be left behind." 尽管没有证据表明这些实验性疫苗实际上能够阻止病毒的传播，但以色列卫生部长 Yuli Edelstein 在疫苗"护照"发放时表示，"(g)接种疫苗是一种道德义务。这是我们共同责任的一部分。"他更进一步，宣称:"不接种疫苗的人将被留下。" The green pass needs renewing every six months,and despite holding one,an individual must still abide by masking and physical distancing rules.The Jerusalem Post also reported that legislation is being considered to grant employers the right to refuse unvaccinated people entry into the workplace. 绿色通行证需要每六个月更新一次，尽管持有绿色通行证，个人仍然必须遵守伪装和物理距离规则。《耶路撒冷邮报》还报告说，正在考虑通过立法给予雇主拒绝未接种疫苗的人进入工作场所的权利。 Such measures prompted Business Insider to describe the country as"waging a war on the unvaccinated."Meanwhile,Dr.Anthony Fauci,chief medical adviser to President Joe Biden,has styled Israel's vaccination response as"extraordinarily good." 这些措施促使商业内幕组织将这个国家描述为"向未接种疫苗的人发动战争"与此同时，总统乔·拜登的首席医疗顾问安东尼·福奇博士将以色列的疫苗接种反应形容为"非常好" 来源： https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/experimental-vaccine-death-rate-for-israels-elderly-40-times-higher-than-covid-19-deaths-researchers

5 人回報・1 則回應・5 年前

Welcome to the Reuters.com BETA. Read our Editor's note on how we're helping professionals make smart decisions. June 30, 202110:11 AM CSTLast Updated 2 months ago Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals U.S. Commerce chief says Taiwan's TSMC asked for help getting COVID vaccines Reuters 3 minute read U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo takes a question during a press briefing at the White House in Washington, U.S., April 7, 2021. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque/File Photo The logo of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC) is pictured at its headquarters, in Hsinchu, Taiwan, Jan. 19, 2021. REUTERS/Ann Wang/File Photo U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo takes a question during a press briefing at the White House in Washington, U.S., April 7, 2021. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque/File Photo 1/2 The logo of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC) is pictured at its headquarters, in Hsinchu, Taiwan, Jan. 19, 2021. REUTERS/Ann Wang/File Photo WASHINGTON, June 29 (Reuters) - U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo on Monday said she had spoken with the chief executive of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co Ltd (2330.TW) (TSMC) and that he had asked for help getting access to COVID-19 vaccines. Raimondo told Reuters in an interview "he asked for help in that regard, he has spoken to high level officials in the White House. We have responded and we definitely want to be a good partner and I do think it's helping." Taiwan said two weeks ago it will allow officials from Taiwan's Foxconn and TSMC to negotiate on its behalf for COVID-19 vaccines. read more Mid-June the United States shipped 2.5 million COVID-19 vaccine doses to Taiwan, more than tripling Washington's previous allocation of shots for the island. read more TSMC said in a statement to Reuters that they believed "getting vaccines for Taiwan would help to protect the communities and ensure normal operations." Taiwan has been trying to speed up the arrival of the millions of vaccines it has on order as it deals with a rise in domestic cases, although infections remain comparatively low. The request from TSMC, the world's biggest manufacturer of semiconductors on contract, coincides with a global chip shortage that has slowed production of manufacturers around the world, including in the U.S. auto industry where it is forecast the crisis will hit the production of 3.9 million vehicles. Raimondo has a key role in resolving the crisis for U.S. companies. Although there has been no major impact so far on chip production in Taiwan since domestic cases began rising in the middle of May, some U.S. auto executives have told Reuters privately earlier this month they were concerned COVID-19 in Taiwan could impact the flow of semiconductors to U.S. factories. Reporting by David Shepardson in Washington; Additional reporting by Ben Blanchard in Taipei; Editing by Simon Cameron-Moore Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. More from Reuters Credit Suisse to U.S. staff: get shot, or go home Credit Suisse to U.S. staff: get shot, or go home Credit Suisse to U.S. staff: get shot, or go home German business morale dips on new health worries German business morale dips on new health worries Xiaomi sees revenue surge, eyes EV-market debut Xiaomi sees revenue surge, eyes EV-market debut Toshiba reviewing new strategic ideas - sources Toshiba reviewing new strategic ideas - sources J&J says booster shot vastly increases antibdody J&J says booster shot vastly increases antibdody Qantas aims for international travel in December Qantas aims for international travel in December Air NZ suspends outlook as borders stay shut Air NZ suspends outlook as borders stay shut Japan suspends 1.6 mln doses of Moderna shot Japan suspends 1.6 mln doses of Moderna shot Shakes off menu at UK McDonald's as milk runs dry Shakes off menu at UK McDonald's as milk runs dry Legal Lookahead: Purdue Pharma makes final push to exit bankruptcy Legal Lookahead: Purdue Pharma makes final push to... Read Next United States Illinois Governor to order statewide mask mandate and order masks and vaccines for schools - media 7:55 PM CST Europe EU says COVID boosters may have higher legal risks without EMA approval 7:34 PM CST World Qatar offering COVID vaccines to Afghanistan evacuees yet to transit 7:29 PM CST Americas Brazil's Eurofarma to make Pfizer COVID-19 shots in Latin America 7:10 PM CST Sign up for our newsletter Subscribe for our daily curated newsletter to receive the latest exclusive Reuters coverage delivered to your inbox. Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals · 8:04 PM CST Illinois governor to announce mask mandate, order vaccines for schools - reports Illinois Governor J.B. Pritzker is expected to announce a new COVID-19 policy for the state on Thursday, requiring eligible students and school staffers to be vaccinated and to wear masks in schools and colleges, the Chicago Tribune and other media reported. Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals EU says COVID boosters may have higher legal risks without EMA approval 7:34 PM CST Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals Japan suspends 1.6 mln doses of Moderna shot after contamination reports 8:05 PM CST Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals Sydney hospitals erect emergency tents as COVID-19 cases hit record 12:32 PM CST Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals New Zealand's Ardern says lockdown working to limit Delta spread 3:10 PM CST Latest Home Media Videos Pictures Graphics Browse World Business Legal Markets Breakingviews Technology Investigations Lifestyle About Reuters About Reuters Careers Reuters News Agency Brand Attribution Guidelines Reuters Leadership Reuters Fact Check Reuters Diversity Report Stay Informed Download the App Newsletters Information you can trust Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the world’s largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. 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4 人回報・1 則回應・5 年前

A Covid Update 新冠病毒最新資料 We have the latest on the Delta variant. 我們有最新Delta變型病毒有關的資訊。 By David Leonhardt Published June 14, 2021Updated June 15, 2021 It’s time for one of this newsletter’s occasional updates on the state of the pandemic. The brief version: The situation continues to look reassuring for anybody who is vaccinated — but has become more worrisome for anybody who is not, largely because of the Delta variant. 新聞簡報在這個時間點，要提供有關最新流行病的訊息：由於Delta變型病毒的緣故，目前的情境，對接種過疫苗者可以安心，但是對尚未施打疫苗者就要格外小心應對了。 Here are three more detailed points: 有三個重要的細節： 1. Cases are no longer falling 確診數不再下降 The news about Covid-19 has been mostly positive in the U.S. over recent months. The vaccines continue to work well against every variant, and the number of Americans who have gotten a shot continues to rise. 最近幾個月，美國面對新冠病毒流行病疫情的消息，是非常正面的。各種疫苗持續對抗每一種變型病毒，是有效的，同時美國施打疫苗的人數不斷上升。 But the U.S. still faces two problems. First, the pace of vaccinations has slowed, and a substantial share of Americans — close to one third — remains hesitant about getting a shot. These unvaccinated Americans will remain vulnerable to Covid outbreaks and to serious symptoms, or even death. 但美國仍要面對兩個問題，第一，接種疫苗的速度已減緩，美國人重要的施打人數的比例-將近1/3的美國人，對疫苗接種的遲疑猶豫，這些未接種的美國人，對新冠病毒的再度爆發，是最易受到攻擊和產生嚴重的症狀，甚至死亡。 Second, the Delta variant — which appears to be both more contagious and more severe than earlier versions of the virus — is spreading rapidly within the U.S., after having first been identified in India. It now accounts for about 10 percent of cases, according to Dr. Scott Gottlieb, a former F.D.A. commissioner. 第二，Delta變型病毒，較先前的病毒更易傳染和嚴重，在印度首次被認定後，在美國很快的傳播，目前有10%的確診數，依據美國前食藥局局長Dr. Scott Gottlieb表示。 Together, these two forces help explain why new cases have stopped falling: 上述兩種原因可以解釋為什麼新的確診數沒有停止下降：如圖 Many experts are concerned that cases will eventually start to rise as Delta becomes the dominant form of the virus. “We are vulnerable,” Dr. Kavita Patel of the Brookings Institution told Yahoo News. On Twitter yesterday, Dr. Robert Wachter of the University of California, San Francisco, wrote: “I’ll now bet we’ll see significant (incl. many hospitalizations/deaths) surges this fall in low-vaccine populations due to combo of seasonality, Delta’s nastiness, & ‘back to normal’ behavior.” 很多專家開始擔心，確診數將開始上升，當Delta成為主要的病毒形式漫延，我們會很容易受到攻擊，Brookings Institution的Dr. Kavita Patel告訴Yahoo新聞社，另外加州舊金山大學Dr. Robert Wachter昨天(6/15)在推特寫到：我敢打賭，今年秋天我們會看到在疫苗施打率低的地區，會有很多住院和死亡的案例飆升，由於季節的變化、Delta變型病毒的危險性和恢復正常生活習慣等因素所造成。 2. But the vaccines work 各種疫苗是有效的 In addition to being more contagious, Delta also appears to be more severe. As my colleague Keith Bradsher reports about southeastern China, where the variant has been spreading: “Patients are becoming sicker and their conditions are worsening much more quickly.” (China has more detailed data than many other countries, because it conducts rapid, widespread testing.) Delta除了傳染力強之外，它更為嚴峻，作者的同事Keith Bradsher報導了這類病毒在中國東南部的地方擴散：患者感覺不適而且很快的惡化。(中國比其它國家有更細節的資料，因為中國有實施快速普篩檢測) But there is still one very big piece of encouraging news: The vaccines continue to work extremely well against the variants, based on the evidence so far. The best performing vaccines vastly reduce the number of Covid cases of any kind and virtually eliminate death. 但在此還是有一些令人興奮的重要消息：依目前的證據顯示：各種疫苗持續對不同的變體病毒，有很好的防護能力。疫苗最佳的功能在於能大量減少各種的確診數和最終排除死亡。 “The Delta variant is by far the most contagious variant of this virus we have seen in the entire pandemic,” Dr. Ashish Jha said yesterday. “The good news is the data suggests that, if you’ve been fully vaccinated, you remain protected, that the vaccines hold up.” 目前的Delta變型病毒是整個流行病中，最會傳播感染的病毒，Ashish Jha醫生昨天(6/15)表示，好的消息資料顯示:假如你接種過完全的疫苗，你就會受到充份的保護。 The clearest place to see this pattern is Britain, where the Delta variant has spread widely and where the vaccination rate is high. In Britain, there is “still no sign of increase in deaths, well after the strain has become dominant,” as Dr. Eric Topol of the Scripps Research Translational Institute noted. 最顯而易見的地方，就是英國的案例，Delta變型病毒在英國廣泛的傳播，由於它的疫苗施打率高，當這新的病毒株在英國橫行時，並無發現死亡上升的跡象， the Scripps Research Translational Institute的Dr. Eric Topol特別提到。 3. The lesson is clear 這課題非常清楚 Nothing is more important than vaccination. 萬事莫如施打疫苗急 Persuading more Americans to get vaccinated will save some of their lives. And a more rapid global vaccination program can save millions of lives around the world. Delta already appears to be at least partly responsible for rising case counts in several African countries, Russia and elsewhere. 說服更多的美國人接種疫苗，可以拯救更多的生命，加速全球接種疫苗計畫，能拯救全世界數以百萬人以上的生命。Delta在一些非洲國家、俄羅斯和其它地區，已造成了許多確診的事實。 “If you’re fully vaxxed, I wouldn’t be too worried, especially if you’re in a highly vaxxed region,” Wachter wrote. “If you’re not vaccinated: I’d be afraid. Maybe even very afraid.” 假如你完全的接種過疫苗，作者就不會太憂慮，特別是在疫苗施打率高的地區，Wachter寫到，假如你尚未施打疫苗，作者就會很擔憂，甚至會更害怕。 More on the virus: Novavax announced today that a clinical trial of its vaccine in the U.S. and Mexico found an efficacy rate of about 90 percent. Novavax疫苗今天宣佈在美國和墨西哥所作的臨床實驗，證明有效保護力達90%。

1 人回報・1 則回應・5 年前

Adam Rogas – CEO and Co-Founder of NS8 by IdeaMensch · Nov 30, 2016 287Share Tweet 66Share Adam-e1480959343307 Find a problem you think you can solve and really focus on it. Resist the urge to move from that problem until you have demonstrated by positive user feedback and growth that you have actually solved it. Adam Rogas is the CEO and Co-Founder of NS8. With over 14 years of senior development and management expertise, as well as extensive knowledge in the fields of online fraud and spam filtering, Adam brings a tremendous amount to NS8. He was a founder of LoadMail and has worked as a trusted advisor to Postini, London Board of Tourism, Vivendi Universal, and Napster. In each case, Adam has helped implement big data, email, spam and virus filtering, and data security solutions. Mr. Rogas has architected extremely large-scale spam and virus filtering platforms, dealing with well over 100,000 messages per hour. He has also played a central role in the architecture of numerous large scale analysts solutions. Adam brings his love for safe, effective communication and startup ventures to NS8. He is married and also calls Las Vegas, Nevada home. Where did the idea for NS8 come from? My partners and I have run some significant and highly transactional websites and services prior to NS8. We understood that the common threads of fraud, abuse and poor user experience affected each of them in some way, shape, or form. Knowing this, we felt there had to be a better way to protect these types of sites and services, from being abused, regardless of their size. We also knew that any solution we created had to be easy to deploy, manage, and understand. What does your typical day look like and how do you make it productive? In an early stage company you are wearing lots of hats. I work a ton of hours. So, the key for me, is to keep my thoughts organized. I usually divide my day up into 3 or 4 segments and then identify what I think I can accomplish in each one of them. Once I do this, I make a list for each segment. This gives me a semblance of structure to my day that helps me get my mind right for the tasks I have to tackle. It also helps me walk away and not overthink the ones I have already completed. How do you bring ideas to life? I usually start with an idea or something that would really matter to a specifc group of people and then I start asking questions. I will then usually build some simple example, or take steps to create what I’m trying to do, and show it to people get feedback and repeat until I reach my goal. What’s one trend that really excites you? It has gotten easier and easier to bring big ideas to life, and to compete, due to the growth of cloud services. To me, it really levels the playing field for a lot of ideas, that just 5 years ago, would have been impossible for all but the largest companies to bring to life. What is one habit of yours that makes you more productive as an entrepreneur? I try to be fairly aware of my own ADD and so I will make lists to hold myself accountable for the items on them. I also try to solve this problem in our hiring practices by surrounding myself with people that are very detail and process focused. What advice would you give your younger self? Find a problem you think you can solve and really focus on it. Resist the urge to move from that problem until you have demonstrated by positive user feedback and growth that you have actually solved it. If you do that, and continue to do it over and over again, you will be successful. Tell us something that’s true that almost nobody agrees with you on? That I am a good singer ? I don’t know that I am very persuasive here …. but I do know I can’t sing. As an entrepreneur, what is the one thing you do over and over and recommend everyone else do? I am constantly talking to our customers. I try to involve them early on, and very often in our process. This is one area I struggle with as we evolve and scale our product development processes, but it is critical to maintaining that connection as to why your customers want your product in the first place. What is one strategy that has helped you grow your business? Please explain how. Surrounding myself with supremely talented people and partners. It has been instrumental to my own growth and the growth of my businesses. What is one failure you had as an entrepreneur, and how did you overcome it? That would probably be my first company, Load Ltd. Load was a hosted application service provider before there was a term for Software As A Service (SaaS). We had a popular email product called LoadMail, that was used by a number of major companies. About 1 year into the business we chose to offer additional services above and beyond just mail and it was this decision that would prove to be our failure. As a team, we didn’t fully understand how diversifying our focus would negatively impact our effectiveness. I tell everyone who asks for advice to pick a problem you can solve and focus on solving it well. Successful entrepreneurs have one thing in common — they never give up. What is one business idea that you’re willing to give away to our readers? I like ideas that take subject knowledge and find a way to productize it. One idea I had was to do this for athletic departments in D1 schools, so they could crowdsource from their athletes, managers, and students the creation of social marketing content. They could then manage it from a centrally controllable compliance system. Or Plastics !! Invest in Plastics (god I’m old) What is the best $100 you recently spent? What and why? Money spent on experiences, dinner with my wife or friends, or money that helps someone. Recently, since we are living across the country from each other, it would be dinner with my wife the last time I was at home in Las Vegas. What is one piece of software or a web service that helps you be productive? How do you use it? Slack. It helps our entire team communicate. What is the one book that you recommend our community should read and why? “Start With Why” by Simon Sinek. It helps you think about what you are building in a way that really focuses on how it will be consumed by those whom you are selling it to. What is your favorite quote? “Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.” -Winston Churchill Tell us about one friend or acquaintance of yours who we should interview on IdeaMensch. Who are they, what are they doing and what’s their email address? I actually have two Nick Jones, Nick and I started what was our first real company together Load Ltd along with my current business partner Paul Korol. Nick’s is currently working on a great project focused on personal and affinity based content creation called JRNL.com, they have recently been through boom Startup a SaaS focused startup accelerator in Salt Lake City and have just completed a seed round of funding. John Njoku, John is working on a great project RentHub.com, which is at the intersection of Multifamily Residential Realestate and Big Data Analytics. RentHub has some huge clients such as StarWood capital and The Lefrak Organization and has recently completed the Elmspring accelerator based in Chicago. Contact : https://www.ns8.com/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/ns8 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ns8inc Twitter: @ns8inc 287Share Tweet 66Share Filed Under: Interviews, Software, Technology Tagged With: Herndon, Virginia https://ideamensch.com/adam-rogas/

1 人回報・1 則回應・9 年前

James Robb, MD UC San Diego. 詹姆斯.萝卜，加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学博士 Subject: What I am doing for the upcoming COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic 新冠疫情扩散下我的防备攻略 Dear Colleagues, as some of you may recall, when I was a professor of pathology at the University of California San Diego, I was one of the first molecular virologists in the world to work on coronaviruses (the 1970s). I was the first to demonstrate the number of genes the virus contained. Since then, I have kept up with the coronavirus field and its multiple clinical transfers into the human population (e.g., SARS, MERS), from different animal sources. 众所周知，我是冠状病毒的分子病毒专家，从70年代到现在一直在研究这些病毒。所以我是有发言权的。 The current projections for its expansion in the US are only probable, due to continued insufficient worldwide data, but it is most likely to be widespread in the US by mid to late March and April. 现在大规模在美国爆发还只是一个可能，现在还是数据不足。但是广泛传播要到三月底四月。 Here is what I have done and the precautions that I take and will take. These are the same precautions I currently use during our influenza seasons, except for the mask and gloves.: 我预防冠状病毒的方法和防止流感一样，只是增加口罩和手套。 1) NO HANDSHAKING! Use a fist bump, slight bow, elbow bump, etc. 不要和别人握手。用碰拳头，小鞠躬，碰胳膊肘等代替。 2) Use ONLY your knuckle to touch light switches. elevator buttons, etc.. Lift the gasoline dispenser with a paper towel or use a disposable glove. 只用手指关节去开灯的开关和电梯按钮。用纸或者戴手套加汽油。 3) Open doors with your closed fist or hip - do not grasp the handle with your hand, unless there is no other way to open the door. Especially important on bathroom and post office/commercial doors. 不要用手抓门把，特别是公共厕所，邮局，商业中心的门。用拳头和屁股把门撞开。 4) Use disinfectant wipes at the stores when they are available, including wiping the handle and child seat in grocery carts. 如果店里有抗菌湿巾提供，用它来擦所有碰到的把柄和儿童座。 5) Wash your hands with soap for 10-20 seconds and/or use a greater than 60% alcohol-based hand sanitizer whenever you return home from ANY activity that involves locations where other people have been. 每次从外面回家，至少用肥皂洗手20秒。 6) Keep a bottle of sanitizer available at each of your home's entrances. AND in your car for use after getting gas or touching other contaminated objects when you can't immediately wash your hands. 在家里的门口和车里放一瓶消毒液。 7) If possible, cough or sneeze into a disposable tissue and discard. Use your elbow only if you have to. The clothing on your elbow will contain infectious virus that can be passed on for up to a week or more! 如果来得及，尽量打喷嚏擤鼻涕到纸巾上。如果来不及用胳膊肘捂了，要及时换衣服。 What I have stocked in preparation for the pandemic spread to the US: 在美国家里，我囤积了一下物资： 1) Latex or nitrile latex disposable gloves for use when going shopping, using the gasoline pump, and all other outside activity when you come in contact with contaminated areas. 一次性橡皮手套，外出时备用。 Note: This virus is spread in large droplets by coughing and sneezing. This means that the air will not infect you! BUT all the surfaces where these droplets land are infectious for about a week on average - everything that is associated with infected people will be contaminated and potentially infectious. 注意，病毒靠咳嗽和打喷嚏产生的较大的水雾珠传播的，不是因为空气本身。所有的水雾珠会落在各种各样的表面，在那里呆一个星期之久。所有感染的人碰过的东西都有病毒。 The virus is on surfaces and you will not be infected unless your unprotected face is directly coughed or sneezed upon. This virus only has cell receptors for lung cells (it only infects your lungs) The only way for the virus to infect you is through your nose or mouth via your hands or an infected cough or sneeze onto or into your nose or mouth. 这个病毒只会感染你的肺，而进入的途径就是你的口鼻。所以唯一被感染的机会是你的手带到你的口鼻除非有人直接对着你的脸打喷嚏咳嗽。 2) Stock up now with disposable surgical masks and use them to prevent you from touching your nose and/or mouth (We touch our nose/mouth 90X/day without knowing it!). This is the only way this virus can infect you - it is lung-specific. The mask will not prevent the virus in a direct sneeze from getting into your nose or mouth - it is only to keep you from touching your nose or mouth. 在家里储存一些一次性医用口罩。其实口罩并不是用来防止别人对你打喷嚏，而是阻止你的手老是去碰你的口鼻。你可能不知道，我们每天不知不觉会碰自己的口鼻90次以上。 3) Stock up now with hand sanitizers and latex/nitrile gloves (get the appropriate sizes for your family). The hand sanitizers must be alcohol-based and greater than 60% alcohol to be effective. 储存一些洗手消毒液，最好是含有有60%以上酒精那种。买一些手套。 4) Stock up now with zinc lozenges. These lozenges have been proven to be effective in blocking coronavirus (and most other viruses) from multiplying in your throat and nasopharynx. Use as directed several times each day when you begin to feel ANY "cold-like" symptoms beginning. It is best to lie down and let the lozenge dissolve in the back of your throat and nasopharynx. Cold-Eeze lozenges is one brand available, but there are other brands available. 储备大量的锌锭剂。一般的药店应该有很多选择。其中一种叫Cold-Eeze lozenges。锌锭剂被证实对冠状病毒和其他病毒有一定防治作用。当你开始感到有感冒的感觉到时候，按照说明书每天服用数次。最好安静的躺下来，让锌锭剂慢慢融化在喉咙和鼻腔里。 I, as many others do, hope that this pandemic will be reasonably contained, BUT I personally do not think it will be. Humans have never seen this snake-associated virus before and have no internal defense against it. Tremendous worldwide efforts are being made to understand the molecular and clinical virology of this virus. Unbelievable molecular knowledge about the genomics, structure, and virulence of this virus has already been achieved. BUT, there will be NO drugs or vaccines available this year to protect us or limit the infection within us. Only symptomatic support is available. 和大家一样，我希望冠状病毒的疫情能够得到控制。科学界已经学到很多关于这个病毒的东西。可是毕竟人类没有见过这个病毒，也没有建立对它的免疫力。我不认为一年内会有真正有效药物和疫苗开发出来拯救人类或者控制病毒。目前只能减缓病状。 I hope these personal thoughts will be helpful during this potentially catastrophic pandemic. You are welcome to share this email. Good luck to all of us! Jim 我希望我这样个人的想法对你有所帮助。欢迎你和大家分享这份文章的内容。祝我们好运！詹姆斯 James Robb, MD FCAP

2 人回報・1 則回應・6 年前

勞里·加勒特（Laurie Garrett）是美國著名女記者，是獲得皮博迪獎（The Peabody Award）、喬治 · 伯克獎（George Polk Award）和普利茲獎（Pulitzer Award）三大著名新聞獎的第一人。現為美國對外關係委員會全球衛生高級研究員。她曾對艾博拉、SARS 等大型傳染病和公共健康危機都做過實地考察與深度研究，出版了《失信：全球公共衛生事業之癱瘓》《流行天下！傳染病的世界》《逼近的瘟疫》等多部關於傳染病與公共衛生的著作。對於這一次的2019-nCoV病毒帶來的恐慌，她撰文講述了自己面對傳染病的經驗與知識，以及10個在疫情期間保護自己的預防措施，大家應該看一看。 ======================== 01. When you leave your home, wear gloves—winter mittens or outdoor gloves—and keep them on in subways, buses, and public spaces. 出門離家時，戴上手套——冬天的手套或是戶外手套都可以——任何公共場合包括地鐵，公車或公共場所都不要脫下來。 02. If you are in a social situation where you should remove your gloves, perhaps to shake hands or dine, do not touch your face or eyes, no matter how much something itches. Keep your hands away from contact with your face. And before you put your gloves back on, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water, scrubbing the fingers. Put your gloves on. 在某些需要脫下手套的社交場合，比如握手和吃飯時，不要用手接觸你的臉或眼睛，不管有多癢都不要讓你的手接觸你的臉。在戴回手套前，用溫水和肥皂仔細洗手，好好搓洗手指，再戴上手套。 03. Change gloves daily, washing them thoroughly, and avoid wearing damp gloves. 每天更換手套，仔細清洗。不要戴潮濕的手套。 04. Masks are useless when worn outdoors and may not be very helpful even indoors. Most masks deteriorate after one or two wearings. Using the same mask day after day is worse than useless—it’s disgusting, as the contents of your mouth and nose eventually coat the inside of the mask with a smelly veneer that is attractive to bacteria. I rarely wear a face mask in an epidemic, and I have been in more than 30 outbreaks. 口罩在戶外佩戴時毫無用處，即使在室內用處也不大。大多口罩在被使用一兩次後就被污染了，重覆使用同一口罩比不戴口罩更糟糕。因為從你嘴和鼻子的呼出的物質最終會在口罩內部形成一層十分滋養細菌的，發臭的膜。在傳染病流行期間我很少戴口罩，我曾經經歷過這種狀況超過30次。 Instead, I stay away from crowds, and I keep my distance from individual people—a half meter, about 1.5 feet, is a good standard. If someone is coughing or sneezing, I ask them to put on a mask—to protect me from their potentially contaminated fluids. If they decline, I step a meter (about 3 feet) away from them, or I leave. Don’t shake hands or hug people—politely beg off, saying it’s better for both of you not to come in close contact during an epidemic. 相反，我會遠離人群，並且與個人保持距離——差不多半公尺左右是比較好的標準。要是有人咳嗽或是打噴嚏，我會請他們戴上口罩，來保護我免受潛在的有污染的液體傷害。如果他們拒絕，我會走到一公尺外的距離，或者乾脆離開。不要與人握手或擁抱，告訴對方在傳染病流行期間不要靠太近，這對彼此都好。 05. Inside your household, remove all of the towels from your bathrooms and kitchen immediately, and replace them with clean towels that have the names of each family member on them. Instruct everybody in your home to only use their own towels and never touch another family member’s. Wash all towels twice a week. Damp towels provide terrific homes for viruses, like common colds, flus, and, yes, coronaviruses. 在家裡要馬上給浴室和廚房都換上乾淨的毛巾，讓家裡每個人都用自己的專屬毛巾，不去觸碰別人的。每週洗兩次毛巾。濕毛巾會為病毒滋生提供溫床，例如普通感冒，流感，以及冠狀病毒。 06. Be careful with doorknobs. If it’s possible to open and close doors using your elbows or shoulders, do so. Wear gloves to turn a doorknob—or wash your hands after touching it. If anybody in your home takes sick, wash your doorknobs regularly. Similarly, be cautious with stairway banisters, desktops, cell phones, toys, laptops—any objects that are hand-held. 小心門把手，最好用肘部或肩膀去開關門。戴手套去擰門把手，或者在觸摸了門把手後去洗手。如果家裡有病人，定期清潔門把手。同樣，對待樓梯扶手，桌面，手機，玩具，筆記本電腦等任何手持物體都要小心謹慎。 As long as you handle only your own personal objects, you will be ok—but if you need to pick up someone else’s cell phone or cooking tools or use someone else’s computer keyboard, be mindful of not touching your face and wash your hands immediately after touching the object. 只要你只接觸自己的私人物品，就沒什麼問題。但是，如果你需要使用別人的手機，廚具或電腦鍵盤，請注意不要觸摸臉部，並在觸摸物體後立即去洗手。 07. If you share meals, do not use your personal chopsticks and utensils to remove food from a serving bowl or plate and, of course, tell your children to never drink out of anybody else’s cups or from a container of shared fluid. Place serving spoons in each dish and instruct everybody at the table to scoop what they want from the serving dishes onto their personal plates or bowls, return the serving spoon to the main dish, and then use their personal chopsticks only to pick food from their personal plate or bowl into their mouth. 吃飯時，不要用你自己的筷子和餐具去公碗和盤子裡夾菜。也要告訴你的孩子不要喝別人杯子或者容器里的水。在席上讓每個人使用公勺將盤子里的菜夾到自己的盤子或者碗里，然後將公勺放回公盤，然後用自己的筷子將自己盤子或者碗里的食物送進嘴裡。 Wash all food and kitchenware thoroughly between meals and avoid restaurants that have poor hygiene practices. 飯前仔細清洗食物，飯後仔細清洗餐具，不要去衛生條件不好的餐館用餐。 08. Absolutely do not buy, slaughter, or consume any live animal or fish until it is known what species was the source of the virus. 在病毒傳播源被發現之前，絕對不要購買，屠宰，或是食用任何生鮮動物和魚類。 09. When the weather allows, open your windows at home or work, letting your space air out. The virus cannot linger in a well-ventilated space. But of course, if it is cold or the weather is inclement, keep warm and close those windows. 天氣條件允許的情況下，打開家裡或辦公室的窗戶，讓室內空氣流通，病毒無法在通風條件良好的空間裡停留。當然，如果天氣嚴寒，就關窗保暖。 10. Finally, if you are caring for a friend or family member who is running a fever, always wear a tight-fitting mask when you are near them, and place one on the ailing person (unless they are nauseated). 最後，如果你在照顧得病的朋友或家人，在靠近他們時，一定要時刻佩戴與面部緊貼的口罩，並給他們也戴上（除非他們感到噁心）。 When you replace an old, dirty mask from the face of your friend or loved one be very, very careful—assume, for the sake of your protection, that it is covered in viruses, and handle it while wearing latex gloves, place it inside of a disposable container, seal it, and then put it in the trash. While wearing those latex gloves, gently wash the patient’s face with warm soap and water, using a disposable paper towel or cotton swab, and seal it after use in a container or plastic bag before placing it in your household trash. 當你幫忙從朋友或親人的臉上摘除使用過的臟口罩時，請務必要非常小心——為了保護自己，你必須假設該口罩已被病毒覆蓋，戴上乳膠手套去進行處理，將其放進可丟棄的包裝袋內，密封好，然後再丟進垃圾桶。戴上乳膠手套為患者用紙巾和棉球輕輕地用肥皂和溫水清洗患者的面部，並在使用後將其密封好裝入包裝袋或塑料袋中，然後再丟進家裡的垃圾箱。 Wear long-sleeved shirts and clothing that covers your body when you are caring for your ailing friend or relative. Clean everything your patient wears or touches very thoroughly in hot soapy water, including sheets, towels, and utensils. 在照顧生病的朋友或家人時，要穿上能包裹全身的長袖衣物。用熱肥皂水徹底清洗患者所穿過的衣物和接觸的所有物品，包括床單，毛巾和器皿。 If you have space, isolate the sick person in your household in a room, or a corner of a room, where they are comfortable, but separated from the rest of the household. If the weather is tolerable, open a window that is on the opposite side of the room, so that air gently blows past the patient’s face and then outdoors. Of course, don’t do this if it is very cold, as your friend or loved one will be made sicker if uncomfortably cold. 如果你家裡有足夠的空間，為病人隔離出一個房間或房間的一角，讓他們感到舒適的同時又與家庭中的其他人分開。如果天氣適宜，打開房間另一側的窗戶，這樣空氣能輕輕吹過患者的面部後，流動吹到室外。當然，如果天氣很冷就不要這樣做，因為你的朋友和家人可能會因寒冷而病情加重。 The Chinese government will take very drastic actions over the next few weeks, and this will be a time of hardship for the Chinese people. But with these simple precautions, if taken by everybody in your household, building, office, and school, you will dramatically reduce the spread of the virus and bring the outbreak to its knees. Be safe. Do not panic. 中國政府將在接下來的幾週內採取更嚴厲的措施，這對中國人民來說將是一個艱難的時期。但是，有了這些簡單的預防措施，只要大家在家裡，建築物裡，辦公室和學校裡都採取這些簡單的預防措施。就能大大減少該病毒的傳播風險，並遏制疫情爆發。 Take commonsense precautions. As frightening as this time is, you will get through it. 注意安全。不要驚慌。採取一些常識性的預防措施。眼下的狀況雖然可怕，但你一定會渡過難關。

1 人回報・1 則回應・6 年前

被『強酸強鹼』噴到或淋到時要如何處理？ 2013年11月份，台灣石油工會，第一分會月刊報導(高雄廠) 作者，許廷訓，台灣中油公司(Taiwan cpc petroleum )服務，目前是兼任，高壓特定氣体訓練班(中油公司，對新進員工的基礎訓練)的助教。在高壓氣体訓練班的課程，我問過將近100個，以上來自台灣中油，全國各單位的工作人員，你們如果被硫酸淋到時你要如何做，所有的人異口同聲說，要用大量的清水沖洗，80%以上的人都有大學以上的學歷，他們都這樣說，我當場告訴他們，如果是這樣的，你會死的很難看，這也是我認為該公開讓大家知道的原因，目前高雄廠，所有有強酸強鹼的地方，告示牌(物質安全資料表)，所有的說明都說，如被強酸強鹼淋到時要用大量的清水沖洗……..這種說法是正確嗎？如不正確為什麼幾十年來沒人質疑？在學校的化學實驗室老師，也是這樣告訴我們的？本人以前曾經被因銹蝕管線針孔洩漏的硫酸所噴到，當時的感覺是好像有一個火把靠近你的臉頰，很熱很熱，我當然了解是被硫酸所噴到，(只是當時必須離開現場，因為那裡洩漏，一時間，看不出來那洩漏的地點)，當時我所做的是，用未被硫酸所噴到的衣服擦拭被硫酸所噴到的臉頰，再去沖水，5-10分鐘，但是這跟沒有擦拭去沖水有什麼差別？ N年前高雄廠，曾發生運酸槽車在洩酸入TANK時槽車出口管線，因壓力爆開，當時有兩個人被噴到，但是事後一個沒事(槽車司機)另一個人住院植皮，每天哀哀叫，時間長達十個月，為什麼差這麼多，原因是事發當時，司機很鎮靜，立即脫光身上所有的衣褲，拿起事先準備好的清潔棉布，擦拭身上的硫酸，再去沖先，另一個本場的工作人員，則是驚慌失措一路叫喊《救命》，待有人發現，他被硫酸所噴到時，用水沖洗他身上的硫酸，這一洗，洗出大問題，當然不洗也是大問題，時間是毫秒計算，為什麼差這麼多？原因是硫酸的沸點為338℃，水的沸點只有100℃，水遇到硫酸時開始沸騰產生反應熱，硫酸可以迅速與蛋白質及脂肪發生醯胺水解作用及酯水解作用，從而分解生物組織，造成化學性燒傷。不過，其對肉體的強腐蝕性還與它的強烈脫水性有關，因為硫酸還會與生物組織中的碳水化合物發生脫水反應並釋出大量熱能。除了造成化學燒傷，所以如有任何人遇到硫酸，正確的處理方式應該保持鎮靜，找出現場可以擦拭的棉布或其他可以擦拭的紙等(這是減量，減少附著在皮膚的硫酸)，立即擦拭再去沖水5-10分鐘。最多只是如一級燒燙傷，這一事件後我遇到一個在大發工業區擔任某化學公司，槽車司機的X先生，我問他遇到時如何處理，他說就這麼處理，我問他為什麼不將這消息公告給社會大眾知道？他說了，幹，人家官大學問大，我只是一個司機，人家會聽我的意見嗎，我無言以對。他舉出三個例子，來說明處理方式不同所造成的結果，第一例，在國道一號上發生遊覽車撞擊，鹽酸槽車事故，槽車破裂，遊覽車上的檔風玻璃也破了，鹽酸噴到司機的眼睛，隨車小姐立即以飲用瓶裝水沖洗司機的眼睛，結果是，後來司機的眼睛洗好了，司機的眼睛，也完蛋了，第二例發生在某加工區，槽車洩酸時，也發生因長時間使用後的物質脆化(當時忘了問他材質到底是塑膠的或橡膠的，約使用多久了)洩酸管線爆裂了，一個不知是好奇或無知的經理，靠近槽車很不幸的，那經理被噴到了，當然槽車司機處理經驗很豐富，立即脫光那經理身上所有的衣物幫他擦拭後再沖洗，入院十多天就回家，無大事，第三例，發生在該生產硫酸的公司內，兩個工作人員，被破裂管線的硫酸所噴到，一個如同第二例，司機幫忙處理，另一個，因一時間他無法幫忙，其他現場的人也驚嚇到，不敢也不懂，幫另一個被酸噴到的人脫衣服，而是直接用水幫他沖洗，結果，後果很慘痛，体無完膚，根據司機的說法，醫生所開的嗎啡給患者服用都無效，無法止痛，也是哀哀叫長達幾個月。本文出來前，我所做的實驗，(戴有面罩的安全帽掛橡膠手套及護目鏡穿雨衣)去買已切好的豬皮20X10用鐵丁固定在木板上，用鹽酸做實驗，有擦拭和沒有擦過的實驗結果一目了然，所以被強酸鹼所噴到一定要先擦拭過再沖水，才是保命之道。如果我們把濃硫酸慢慢地倒入水中，卻是安安靜靜的，水只是漸漸的變熱，而且不濺開來。當濃硫酸與水遇在一起，就發生化學反應，生成水合物，同時放出大量的熱，1公斤的濃硫酸與水化合時放出的熱量，足以使2公斤的冷水，一下子升高到攝氏100度。濃硫酸看上去像油，可是卻比水重(1.9倍)，比同體積的水差不多要重上一倍，很明顯，如果把水倒進濃硫酸，水就浮在濃硫酸上，當發生化學反應時，水就猛烈地沸騰起來，四處飛濺。如果反過來把濃硫酸倒進水裡，情況就不一樣了，濃硫酸比水重，把濃硫酸慢慢地倒進水中，它就逐漸地沉到水底，然後再分佈到溶液的各個部分，這樣，反映所產生的熱量被均勻地分配到整個溶液，溫度慢慢上升，不會使水迅速地騰起來。本人在此真誠的建議，各級學校的實驗室或化學系所，各公司有用到強酸鹼的地方，應立即修改告示牌(物質安全資料表，有強酸鹼的地方，應準備棉布做擦拭用，不要用化學纖維布，大林廠有硫酸法的烷化(以硫酸為催化劑的製程)工場，更應該準備好，因為10年20年後所有的管線，除非全面更新，絕對會這裡漏，那裡漏。備註，本文部份，參考維基百科及網路文章，感謝工安課，王錦波先生與第七硫磺總領班，楊耀昆先生對本文的校正。，也歡迎老師，本人在此授權，請賢人翻譯成英日文，給世界各國的朋友分享，請將公司的CPC排在前頭，說明這是在台灣的CPC公司人員所做的實驗。 Nov. 2013, Monthly journal report of 1st branch of OIL LABOR UNION in Kaohsiung Taiwan CPC. By Mr. Hsu Ting XUN, serve in Taiwan CPC, now is the part time TA for the HIGH-PRESSURE SPECIFIC GAS training class, a class which trains all the new employees in CPC. In the HIGH PRESSURE training class, I ever asked more than 100 members from all different departments and branches of CPC TAIWAN., “If you were sprayed or poured by sulfuric acid, what would you do!?” The answer is 100% in unison “Rinse with great amount of water!” You know, 80% of these members graduated from universities. They all did say so. Hearing the answer, I on the spot told them “If you did so, you were destined to die ugly”This is why I insist to make it public. Nowadays in Kaohsiung plant, all where there is sulfuric acid or alkali, as well as all the bulletin boards [material safety sheets]shows: “Rinse with great amount of water while sprayed by sulfuric acid” But is this statement appropriate and accurate!?If not, why for decades nobody doubted!? And we were all taught so by chemistry teachers in labs of schools? Before, I ever sprayed by sulfuric acid leaking from the needle hole of a corrosivepipe. I felt like a burning torch accessing my face. It’s extremely hot. I surely realizedit wassulfuric acid, but I couldn’t spot where the leaking hole was. I had to leave right at that moment. The step took first was to wipe my sprayed face with the clean part of my clothes then, rinsedit with water for 5-10 minutes. But on earth, what makes the difference with the way you rinsedwithout wiping it clean first!? Years ago in Kaohsiung plant, a sulfuric acid transporting truck’s exporting pipeline burst because of pressure while vented sulfuric acid into the tank. Two men were sprayed. Yet later on, one man [the driver] was not serious, while another one had to be hospitalized andgrafted, leading a crying miserable life for ten months. Why such a big contrast! The reason is right at thatmoment, the driver completely calmed himself down, ripped all his dressing off then, wipedsulfuric acid with the clean cotton that he used to prepare ahead, then rinsedwith water the last. As to the other man, he was crying and screaming in panic all the way till someone found him and helpedrinse with great amount of water. Here the key problem is: Water or NOT WATER firstdefinitely matter a lot! It was so urgent, what made such a big difference? You know the boiling point of sulfuric acid is 338centigrade degree while water only 100. When water meetssulfuric, water begins to boil and produce heatas reaction. Sulfuric acid, along with protein and fat, rapidly facilitates[R-C-NH2] hydrolysisandEster hydrolysis, further todecompose bio- tissue, causing the chemical burns. Its strong corrosion to body dorelate toits strong dehydration.Sulfuric acid can cause dehydration reaction when it meets the carbohydrate of bio-tissue then, release great amount of heat to causechemical burns. So for anybody sprayed by sulfuric acid, the accurate approach is to calm down,immediatelywipe off acid with clean cotton or paper available [this is to minify or reduce the sulfuric acid on skin] ,then rinse 5-10 minutes. The worst resultcan only be one grade burn. Afterwards, I met Mr. X, a tank driver who served in a chemistry company in DAFA INDUSTRIALZONE. I asked what he would do if he met same situation. The answer was completely the same approach. Then why he didn’t make it public? His answer was“I am just a driver, can any high ranking officer listen to my opinion!?” I was totally speechless. He gave three examples to illustrate three different results caused by the diverse handling procedure:[a]. One tour bus bumped into sulfuric acid- loading truck on the ZHONGSHAN national freeway. The tank broke down. So did the window shield of the tour bus. Acid sprayed onto the bus driver’s eyes. The lady tour guide spontaneouslyrinsed his eyes with bottle water. The eyes were washed, but ruined.[b].This accident happened in THE PROCESSING ZONE. When an acid tank vented, the venting pipeline burst [pipelinebeing brittle after long use.][Material of pipe is plastic or rubber, or how long it has been used not known]. An either curious or ignorant manager walked close to the tank and unfortunately he was sprayed. Thanks to the well experienced tank driver, he immediately ripped off all the manager’s dressing, wiped his body clean, thenrinsed with water. About 10 days in hospital, he returned home without big problem. [c].In a sulfuric acid producing company, two workers sprayed by the broken pipeline. One was managed under accurate approach, yet another one was not so lucky. He, with the help of the stunned people around, directly rinsed the body. What’s the result!? Miserable and severely!! He kept hospitalized for long,even the morphine prescribed by doctor couldn’tkill his pain, recalled the poor worker. Before this article came public, I did an experiment [wearinghelmet with mask, rubber gloves, goggle and raincoat].I bought some chopped pigskin 20x10,nailedthemontowood . After pouring acid, I observed the wipedand not wiped pigskin, and the result was obvious at aglance. So if sprayed by acid or alkali, wipe clean first, then rinse. This is the life-saving approach. If we pour thick sulfuric acid into water, quietly and gradually the water will be getting hot, and will not splash. When thick sulfuric acid mixes with water, chemical reaction happens, producing hydrate and at the same time releasing big amount of heat. The heat released by 1kg thick sulfuric acid hydrating with water can lead to a sudden rise of temperature of 2kg cold water to100 centigrade degree. Thick sulfuric acid looks like oil, but actually it is heavier than water by 1.9 times, and heavier 1 time than water of same volume. Obviously, if we pour water into thick sulfuric acid, water will float on the acid.Chemical reaction happens, water will violently be getting hot, and splash all over. ON the contrary, if we pour thick sulfuric acid into water, the effect differs. It is heavier than water, it will gradually sink into bottom and distribute in each part of liquid, so the reacting heat is distributed in the liquid in average. The temperature rises slowly and slowly, the water will not be getting hot rapidly andfuriously. Here, I sincerely suggest that all labs and chemistry departments in schools or all companies where sulfuric acid and alkali are used should amend all bulletin boards [material safety sheets]. Where there is sulfuric acid or alkali, cotton[no chemical fiber cloth] should be readily prepared. Especially, DALIN plant has the alkylation workplace of sulfuric acid [Sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid as a catalyst in processing]. It should have to be well prepared, because all the pipelines absolutely should be leaking where and there after 10 or 20 years, unless they are all updated. RE: parts of this article took wiki and internet for reference. Great thanks to Mr. Wang Jin-bo, industrial safety division, and Mr. Yang Yao- kun, the leading foremanof 7thsulfur, for their guidance and correction. Welcome friends all over the world translating it into kinds of languages to help those in need. And don’t hesitate to write me if necessary for more understanding and interpretation. Thanks!! Thanks sister melody translation

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