轉傳: 我這個星期感覺身體有些⋯⋯

Adam Rogas – CEO and Co-Founder of NS8 by IdeaMensch · Nov 30, 2016 287Share Tweet 66Share Adam-e1480959343307 Find a problem you think you can solve and really focus on it. Resist the urge to move from that problem until you have demonstrated by positive user feedback and growth that you have actually solved it. Adam Rogas is the CEO and Co-Founder of NS8. With over 14 years of senior development and management expertise, as well as extensive knowledge in the fields of online fraud and spam filtering, Adam brings a tremendous amount to NS8. He was a founder of LoadMail and has worked as a trusted advisor to Postini, London Board of Tourism, Vivendi Universal, and Napster. In each case, Adam has helped implement big data, email, spam and virus filtering, and data security solutions. Mr. Rogas has architected extremely large-scale spam and virus filtering platforms, dealing with well over 100,000 messages per hour. He has also played a central role in the architecture of numerous large scale analysts solutions. Adam brings his love for safe, effective communication and startup ventures to NS8. He is married and also calls Las Vegas, Nevada home. Where did the idea for NS8 come from? My partners and I have run some significant and highly transactional websites and services prior to NS8. We understood that the common threads of fraud, abuse and poor user experience affected each of them in some way, shape, or form. Knowing this, we felt there had to be a better way to protect these types of sites and services, from being abused, regardless of their size. We also knew that any solution we created had to be easy to deploy, manage, and understand. What does your typical day look like and how do you make it productive? In an early stage company you are wearing lots of hats. I work a ton of hours. So, the key for me, is to keep my thoughts organized. I usually divide my day up into 3 or 4 segments and then identify what I think I can accomplish in each one of them. Once I do this, I make a list for each segment. This gives me a semblance of structure to my day that helps me get my mind right for the tasks I have to tackle. It also helps me walk away and not overthink the ones I have already completed. How do you bring ideas to life? I usually start with an idea or something that would really matter to a specifc group of people and then I start asking questions. I will then usually build some simple example, or take steps to create what I’m trying to do, and show it to people get feedback and repeat until I reach my goal. What’s one trend that really excites you? It has gotten easier and easier to bring big ideas to life, and to compete, due to the growth of cloud services. To me, it really levels the playing field for a lot of ideas, that just 5 years ago, would have been impossible for all but the largest companies to bring to life. What is one habit of yours that makes you more productive as an entrepreneur? I try to be fairly aware of my own ADD and so I will make lists to hold myself accountable for the items on them. I also try to solve this problem in our hiring practices by surrounding myself with people that are very detail and process focused. What advice would you give your younger self? Find a problem you think you can solve and really focus on it. Resist the urge to move from that problem until you have demonstrated by positive user feedback and growth that you have actually solved it. If you do that, and continue to do it over and over again, you will be successful. Tell us something that’s true that almost nobody agrees with you on? That I am a good singer ? I don’t know that I am very persuasive here …. but I do know I can’t sing. As an entrepreneur, what is the one thing you do over and over and recommend everyone else do? I am constantly talking to our customers. I try to involve them early on, and very often in our process. This is one area I struggle with as we evolve and scale our product development processes, but it is critical to maintaining that connection as to why your customers want your product in the first place. What is one strategy that has helped you grow your business? Please explain how. Surrounding myself with supremely talented people and partners. It has been instrumental to my own growth and the growth of my businesses. What is one failure you had as an entrepreneur, and how did you overcome it? That would probably be my first company, Load Ltd. Load was a hosted application service provider before there was a term for Software As A Service (SaaS). We had a popular email product called LoadMail, that was used by a number of major companies. About 1 year into the business we chose to offer additional services above and beyond just mail and it was this decision that would prove to be our failure. As a team, we didn’t fully understand how diversifying our focus would negatively impact our effectiveness. I tell everyone who asks for advice to pick a problem you can solve and focus on solving it well. Successful entrepreneurs have one thing in common — they never give up. What is one business idea that you’re willing to give away to our readers? I like ideas that take subject knowledge and find a way to productize it. One idea I had was to do this for athletic departments in D1 schools, so they could crowdsource from their athletes, managers, and students the creation of social marketing content. They could then manage it from a centrally controllable compliance system. Or Plastics !! Invest in Plastics (god I’m old) What is the best $100 you recently spent? What and why? Money spent on experiences, dinner with my wife or friends, or money that helps someone. Recently, since we are living across the country from each other, it would be dinner with my wife the last time I was at home in Las Vegas. What is one piece of software or a web service that helps you be productive? How do you use it? Slack. It helps our entire team communicate. What is the one book that you recommend our community should read and why? “Start With Why” by Simon Sinek. It helps you think about what you are building in a way that really focuses on how it will be consumed by those whom you are selling it to. What is your favorite quote? “Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.” -Winston Churchill Tell us about one friend or acquaintance of yours who we should interview on IdeaMensch. Who are they, what are they doing and what’s their email address? I actually have two Nick Jones, Nick and I started what was our first real company together Load Ltd along with my current business partner Paul Korol. Nick’s is currently working on a great project focused on personal and affinity based content creation called JRNL.com, they have recently been through boom Startup a SaaS focused startup accelerator in Salt Lake City and have just completed a seed round of funding. John Njoku, John is working on a great project RentHub.com, which is at the intersection of Multifamily Residential Realestate and Big Data Analytics. RentHub has some huge clients such as StarWood capital and The Lefrak Organization and has recently completed the Elmspring accelerator based in Chicago. Contact : https://www.ns8.com/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/ns8 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ns8inc Twitter: @ns8inc 287Share Tweet 66Share Filed Under: Interviews, Software, Technology Tagged With: Herndon, Virginia https://ideamensch.com/adam-rogas/

1 人回報・1 則回應・7 年前

We learned this morning that the FDA is now saying that it's OK to take ivermectin if you have COVID. I mean, Senator, I remember talking with you repeatedly during COVID about your upset that you were they were trying to cancel you because you were talking to doctors to try to find out the right ways to treat COVID without having to get too many boosters and COVID shots. My COVID was gone in a day when I took ivermectin. And now three years later, the FDA says, oh, yeah, that's fine. Take ivermectin. What? Maria, you know, the doctors I've been dealing with and talking to for years now, they believe that probably hundreds of thousands of Americans lost their lives because they were denied really treatment. And they were denied it because the FDA sabotaged, for example, ivermectin. They said, come on, y'all, you're not a cow, you're not a horse. This is supposedly horse medicine. No, this is a Nobel Prize-winning medicine that could have saved hundreds of thousands of lives. It did save many, many lives because people you did have doctors with the courage to and the compassion to actually treat patients using it and putting at risk their medical license. But unfortunately, you say, what can we do? Well, we do have reporters like yourself like John Solomon, other people that have the courage to report the truth against the mainstream media and against the narrative. But that's the only way this is going to be solved is we need the truth to be exposed. We need more Americans to listen to the truth, to be exposed to the truth, to pull their heads out in the sand, quite honestly, open up their eyes and understand what is happening in this country. We are going down a very dangerous path, but it's a path that is being laid out and planned by an elite group of people that want to take total control over our lives. And that's what they're doing bit by bit. They do it by increasing massive government spending, increase the size of government, take over of the who, these amendments that are coming up that are going to be voted on in 2024, the who are frightening and they really risk taking away all of our sovereignty. People have to awaken to the dangers of the moment.

2 人回報・1 則回應・1 年前

Hi I'm Mark, the Director of Facebook. Hello everyone, it seems that all the warnings are real. Facebook use will cost money. If you send this string to 18 different from your list, your icon will be blue and it will be free for you. If you do not believe me, tomorrow at 6 pm Facebook will be closed and to open it you will have to pay. This is all by law. This message is to inform all our users that our servers have recently been very congested. We are asking for your help to solve this problem. We require that our active users forward this message to each of the people in your contact list in order to confirm our active facebook users. If you do not send this message to all your facebook contacts, then your account will remain inactive with the consequence of losing all your contacts without the transmission of this message. Your SmartPhone will be updated within the next 24 hours, will have a new design and a new color for the chat. Dear Facebook users, we are going to do an update for Facebook from 23:00 p.m. until 05:00 a.m. on this day. If you do not send this to all your contacts, the update will be cancelled. You will not have the possibility to chat with your facebook messages. You will have to pay the rate unless you are a frequent user. If you have at least 10 contacts, send this SMS and the logo will turn red to indicate that you are a user Confirmed ... We finish it for free. Tomorrow they start to collect the messages for facebook at 0.37 cents. Forward this message to more than your 9 contacts and it will be free for life for you. Watch and the ball will turn green. Do it and you will see Facebook is now free. Send to 10 people to reactivate your service again without cost. 嗨，我是Facebook的主管馬克。大家好，似乎所有的警告都是真實的。使用Facebook需要花錢。如果您將此字符串發送到與您的列表不同的18，您的圖標將是藍色的，並且它將是免費的。如果你不相信我的話，明天下午6點Facebook將會關閉，要打開它你必須付費。這些都是法律規定的。此消息是爲了通知我們的所有用戶，我們的服務器最近非常擁擠。我們請求你幫助解決這個問題。我們要求我們的活躍用戶將此消息轉發給您的聯繫人列表中的每一個人，以便確認我們的活躍的facebook用戶。如果您不發送此消息給您的所有facebook聯繫人，那麼您的帳戶將保持不活動狀態，其結果是失去所有聯繫人，而不發送此消息。您的智能電話將在未來24小時內更新，將有一個新的設計和一個新的聊天顏色。親愛的Facebook用戶，我們將在今天的下午23：00到凌晨5：00爲Facebook做一個更新。如果您不把這個發送給您所有的聯繫人，更新將被取消。你將不可能和你的facebook留言聊天。除非你是一個經常使用者，否則你得付這個費用。如果您至少有10個聯繫人，發送此SMS和徽標將變成紅色，以表明您是一個用戶確認…我們免費完成它。明天，他們將開始爲facebook收集0.37美分的信息。將此消息轉發給超過9個聯繫人，它將免費爲您提供生命。手錶和球將變成綠色。這樣做，你會看到Facebook現在是免費的。發送10人，以重新激活您的服務，無需支付任何

1 人回報・2 則回應・7 年前

We like war. We like war. We're a war like people. We like war because we're good at it. And you know why we're good at it? Because we get a lot of practice. This country's only 200 years old and already we've had 10 major wars. We average a major war in this country every 20 years, so we're good at it. Got no steel industry left, can't get healthcare to our old people, can't educate our young people, but we can bomb the shit out of your country, alright? We can bomb the shit out of your country, alright? Everybody complains about politicians. Everybody says they suck. Well, where do people think these politicians come from? They don't fall out of the sky. They come from American parents and American families, American homes, American schools, and they're elected by American citizens. This is the best we can do, folks. This is what we have to offer. It's what our system produces. Garbage in, garbage out. If you have selfish, ignorant citizens, you're going to get selfish, ignorant leaders. So maybe, maybe, maybe it's not the politicians who suck. Maybe something else sucks around here, like the public. Yeah, the public sucks. There's a nice campaign slogan for somebody. The public sucks. Fuck hope. Fuck hope. It's never going to get any better. Don't look for it. Be happy with what you got. Because the owners of this country don't want that. I'm talking about the real owners now. The real owners, the big wealthy business interests that control things and make all the important decisions. Forget the politicians. The politicians are put there to give you the idea that you have freedom of choice. You don't. You have no choice. You have owners. They own you. They own everything. They own all the important land. They own and control the corporations. They've long since bought and paid for the Senate, the Congress, the state houses, the city halls. They've got the judges in their back pockets. And they own all the big media companies, so they control just about all of the news and information you get to hear. They got you by the balls. They spend billions of dollars every year lobbying, lobbying to get what they want. Well, we know what they want. They want more for themselves and less for everybody else. But I'll tell you what they don't want. They don't want a population of citizens capable of critical thinking. They don't want well-informed, well-educated people capable of critical thinking. They're not interested in that. That doesn't help them. That's against their interest. That's right. You know what they want? They want obedient workers. Obedient workers. People who are just smart enough to run the machines and do the paperwork and just dumb enough to passively accept all these increasingly shittier jobs with the lower pay, the longer hours, the reduced benefits, the end of overtime, and the vanishing pension that disappears the minute you go to collect it. And now they're coming for your Social Security money. They want your fucking retirement money. They want it back so they can give it to their criminal friends on Wall Street. And you know something? They'll get it. They'll get it all from you sooner or later because they own this fucking place. It's a big club. And you ain't in it. You and I are not in the big club. By the way, it's the same big club they used to beat you over the head with all day long when they tell you what to believe all day long, beating you over the head in their media, telling you what to believe, what to think, and what to buy. The table is tilted, folks. The game is rigged. And nobody seems to notice. Nobody seems to care. Good, honest, hardworking people, white collar, blue collar, doesn't matter what color shirt you have on. Good, honest, hardworking people continue. These are people of modest means. Continue to elect these rich cocksuckers who don't give a fuck about them. They don't give a fuck about you. They don't give a fuck about you. They don't care about you at all. At all. At all. We like war. We like war.

2 人回報・1 則回應・2 年前

James Robb, MD UC San Diego. 詹姆斯.萝卜，加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学博士 Subject: What I am doing for the upcoming COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic 新冠疫情扩散下我的防备攻略 Dear Colleagues, as some of you may recall, when I was a professor of pathology at the University of California San Diego, I was one of the first molecular virologists in the world to work on coronaviruses (the 1970s). I was the first to demonstrate the number of genes the virus contained. Since then, I have kept up with the coronavirus field and its multiple clinical transfers into the human population (e.g., SARS, MERS), from different animal sources. 众所周知，我是冠状病毒的分子病毒专家，从70年代到现在一直在研究这些病毒。所以我是有发言权的。 The current projections for its expansion in the US are only probable, due to continued insufficient worldwide data, but it is most likely to be widespread in the US by mid to late March and April. 现在大规模在美国爆发还只是一个可能，现在还是数据不足。但是广泛传播要到三月底四月。 Here is what I have done and the precautions that I take and will take. These are the same precautions I currently use during our influenza seasons, except for the mask and gloves.: 我预防冠状病毒的方法和防止流感一样，只是增加口罩和手套。 1) NO HANDSHAKING! Use a fist bump, slight bow, elbow bump, etc. 不要和别人握手。用碰拳头，小鞠躬，碰胳膊肘等代替。 2) Use ONLY your knuckle to touch light switches. elevator buttons, etc.. Lift the gasoline dispenser with a paper towel or use a disposable glove. 只用手指关节去开灯的开关和电梯按钮。用纸或者戴手套加汽油。 3) Open doors with your closed fist or hip - do not grasp the handle with your hand, unless there is no other way to open the door. Especially important on bathroom and post office/commercial doors. 不要用手抓门把，特别是公共厕所，邮局，商业中心的门。用拳头和屁股把门撞开。 4) Use disinfectant wipes at the stores when they are available, including wiping the handle and child seat in grocery carts. 如果店里有抗菌湿巾提供，用它来擦所有碰到的把柄和儿童座。 5) Wash your hands with soap for 10-20 seconds and/or use a greater than 60% alcohol-based hand sanitizer whenever you return home from ANY activity that involves locations where other people have been. 每次从外面回家，至少用肥皂洗手20秒。 6) Keep a bottle of sanitizer available at each of your home's entrances. AND in your car for use after getting gas or touching other contaminated objects when you can't immediately wash your hands. 在家里的门口和车里放一瓶消毒液。 7) If possible, cough or sneeze into a disposable tissue and discard. Use your elbow only if you have to. The clothing on your elbow will contain infectious virus that can be passed on for up to a week or more! 如果来得及，尽量打喷嚏擤鼻涕到纸巾上。如果来不及用胳膊肘捂了，要及时换衣服。 What I have stocked in preparation for the pandemic spread to the US: 在美国家里，我囤积了一下物资： 1) Latex or nitrile latex disposable gloves for use when going shopping, using the gasoline pump, and all other outside activity when you come in contact with contaminated areas. 一次性橡皮手套，外出时备用。 Note: This virus is spread in large droplets by coughing and sneezing. This means that the air will not infect you! BUT all the surfaces where these droplets land are infectious for about a week on average - everything that is associated with infected people will be contaminated and potentially infectious. 注意，病毒靠咳嗽和打喷嚏产生的较大的水雾珠传播的，不是因为空气本身。所有的水雾珠会落在各种各样的表面，在那里呆一个星期之久。所有感染的人碰过的东西都有病毒。 The virus is on surfaces and you will not be infected unless your unprotected face is directly coughed or sneezed upon. This virus only has cell receptors for lung cells (it only infects your lungs) The only way for the virus to infect you is through your nose or mouth via your hands or an infected cough or sneeze onto or into your nose or mouth. 这个病毒只会感染你的肺，而进入的途径就是你的口鼻。所以唯一被感染的机会是你的手带到你的口鼻除非有人直接对着你的脸打喷嚏咳嗽。 2) Stock up now with disposable surgical masks and use them to prevent you from touching your nose and/or mouth (We touch our nose/mouth 90X/day without knowing it!). This is the only way this virus can infect you - it is lung-specific. The mask will not prevent the virus in a direct sneeze from getting into your nose or mouth - it is only to keep you from touching your nose or mouth. 在家里储存一些一次性医用口罩。其实口罩并不是用来防止别人对你打喷嚏，而是阻止你的手老是去碰你的口鼻。你可能不知道，我们每天不知不觉会碰自己的口鼻90次以上。 3) Stock up now with hand sanitizers and latex/nitrile gloves (get the appropriate sizes for your family). The hand sanitizers must be alcohol-based and greater than 60% alcohol to be effective. 储存一些洗手消毒液，最好是含有有60%以上酒精那种。买一些手套。 4) Stock up now with zinc lozenges. These lozenges have been proven to be effective in blocking coronavirus (and most other viruses) from multiplying in your throat and nasopharynx. Use as directed several times each day when you begin to feel ANY "cold-like" symptoms beginning. It is best to lie down and let the lozenge dissolve in the back of your throat and nasopharynx. Cold-Eeze lozenges is one brand available, but there are other brands available. 储备大量的锌锭剂。一般的药店应该有很多选择。其中一种叫Cold-Eeze lozenges。锌锭剂被证实对冠状病毒和其他病毒有一定防治作用。当你开始感到有感冒的感觉到时候，按照说明书每天服用数次。最好安静的躺下来，让锌锭剂慢慢融化在喉咙和鼻腔里。 I, as many others do, hope that this pandemic will be reasonably contained, BUT I personally do not think it will be. Humans have never seen this snake-associated virus before and have no internal defense against it. Tremendous worldwide efforts are being made to understand the molecular and clinical virology of this virus. Unbelievable molecular knowledge about the genomics, structure, and virulence of this virus has already been achieved. BUT, there will be NO drugs or vaccines available this year to protect us or limit the infection within us. Only symptomatic support is available. 和大家一样，我希望冠状病毒的疫情能够得到控制。科学界已经学到很多关于这个病毒的东西。可是毕竟人类没有见过这个病毒，也没有建立对它的免疫力。我不认为一年内会有真正有效药物和疫苗开发出来拯救人类或者控制病毒。目前只能减缓病状。 I hope these personal thoughts will be helpful during this potentially catastrophic pandemic. You are welcome to share this email. Good luck to all of us! Jim 我希望我这样个人的想法对你有所帮助。欢迎你和大家分享这份文章的内容。祝我们好运！詹姆斯 James Robb, MD FCAP

2 人回報・1 則回應・5 年前

關心你，我關心你，我很關心你！轉傳（這是一個英國護士給大家的忠告，請仔細閱讀。不用謝。） BE PREPARED 準備妥善 Everyone is telling you how to NOT catch #coronavirus, but NO ONE is saying what to do if you get it. 每個人都在討論如何避免新冠病毒，但是沒有人告訴你：萬一不幸染上新冠病毒，應該如何自處。 Thanks to this nurse in the UK for putting this guide together: 感謝這位英國護士整理下列指引： Finally, some sensible advice. From a GP Nurse in the UK. 終於有一些明確的建議了。來自一個英國執業護士。 What I have seen a lot of are recommendations for how to try to avoid getting coronavirus in the first place: 我已經看過很多關於如何免感染新冠病毒的建議： • good hand washing 勤洗手 • personal hygiene 個人衛生 • social distancing 社交距離 but what I have NOT seen a lot of is advice for what happens if you actually get it, which many of us will. 但是我沒看到太多關於感染新冠病毒後要如何自處的建議，而我們很多人會染疫的。 So as your friendly neighborhood Nurse let me make some suggestions: 所以作爲你家隔壁友善的護士，讓我給些建議： If you get Covid-19 如果你感染了新冠肺炎 You basically just want to prepare as though you know you’re going to get a nasty respiratory bug, like bronchitis or pneumonia. You just have the foresight to know it might come your way! 基本上，只要做好心理準備，就好像知道自己將會患上令人討厭的呼吸道疾病一樣，例如支氣管炎或肺炎。只要想像你有可能會感染新冠肺炎。 Things to start doing now: 從現在開始要做的事情： 1. Get 20 minutes sun on your entire body (or as much as possible) every day. This will dramatically increase your Vitamin D levels, which improves your immune system. 每天花 20 分鐘曬太陽（或盡可能多曬曬身體各個部位）。這將會大大提高體内維他命 D 的含量，藉以增強免疫系統。 2. If affordable take a good general supplement, plus 2000mg Vit C a day. Include ZINC, SELENIUM & GLUTATHIONE. 如果負擔得起，要多吃營養均衡的食物，外加每天攝取2000mg 維他命C，再配合鋅、硒和谷胱甘肽（註：一種強效的抗氧化劑）。 3. Scott’s Emulsion is a great general tonic (cod liver oi) 司考特乳白是一種很好的補品（魚肝油） Things you should actually buy ahead of time: 一些應該事先準備好的物品： 4. Kleenex 面紙（或衛生紙） Paracetamol 撲熱息痛藥片（德國市面稱為Paracetamol 500） 5. Cough medicine of choice (check the label and make sure you're not doubling up on Paracetamol) 止咳藥（檢查標籤確保沒有撲熱息痛的成份，以免重複） Zinc lozenges 鋅錠 6. Throat spray like Andolex or TCP 喉嚨噴劑，如Andolex或TCP（ Trichlorophenylmethyliodosalicyl） 7. Honey and lemon can work just as well! 蜂蜜和檸檬也有相同效果！ 8. Vicks vaporub for your chest is also a great suggestion. Vicks vaporub 維克斯薄荷藥膏對舒緩胸部不適，是一種很好的藥物。 9. A humidifier would be a good thing to buy and use in your room when you go to bed overnight. (You can also just turn the shower on hot and sit in the bathroom breathing in the steam) 夜裡睡覺時，在房間裡使用加濕器，是一個不錯的法子。（也可以打開淋浴的蓮蓬頭，然後坐在浴室裡呼吸熱蒸汽） 10. If you have a history of asthma and you have a prescription inhaler, make sure the one you have isn’t expired and refill it/get a new one if necessary. 如患哮喘毛病，而有哮喘噴劑，請確保所用的哮喘噴劑尚未過期，並重新加滿/如有必要，買個新的。 11. Meals This is also a good time to meal prep: make a big batch of your favorite soup to freeze and have on hand. 餐點部份這也是準備餐點的好時機：將一大鍋你喜歡的湯冷凍起來備用。 12. Hydrate Hydrate, hydrate! Stock up on whatever your favorite clear fluids are to drink, though tap water is fine you may appreciate some variety! 水份水份，水份！多準備一些你喜歡的清澈食用水，儘管自來水也可以，但多樣化的食用水或許是個不錯的主意！ 13. For symptom management and a fever over 38°c take Paracetamol rather than Ibuprofen. 如有病徵同時發燒超過 38°c，那就服用撲熱息痛藥片（Paracetamol），而不是布洛芬（Ibuprofen）。 14. Rest lots You should not be leaving your house! Even if you are feeling better you may will still be infectious for fourteen days and older people and those with existing health conditions should be avoided! 多休息不應外出！即使病情好轉，14 天內仍具有傳染性；也要避免與老人家和健康狀況欠佳的人接觸！ 15. Wear gloves and a mask to avoid contaminating others in your house. 戴手套和戴口罩，以免傳染給家中的其他成員。 16. Isolate in your bedroom if not living alone, ask friends and family to leave supplies outside to avoid contact. 若非獨居，請在臥室中自我隔離，讓親朋好友將物品留在外面，避免和他們接觸。 17. Sanitize your bed linen and clothes frequently by washing and clean your bathroom with recommended sanitizers. 經常以優良的消毒劑清洗床單和衣物。 18. You DO NOT NEED TO GO TO THE HOSPITAL unless you are having trouble breathing or your fever is very high (over 39°C) and unmanaged with meds. 除非呼吸困難或發高燒（超過 39°C）並且沒有其他醫療藥物，否則，不要去醫院！ 19. 90% of healthy adult cases thus far have been managed at home with basic rest/hydration/over-the-counter meds. 迄今為止，已有 90％的成人病例成功地在家中接受基本的療養/補充水份/非處方藥物治療。 20. If you are worried or in distress or feel your symptoms are getting worse: 假如你擔心、緊張、或感覺自己的症狀越來越嚴重： 21. Pre-existing risks If you have a pre-existing lung condition (COPD, emphysema, lung cancer) or are on immunosuppressants, now is a great time to talk to your Doctor or specialist about what they would like you to do if you get sick. 預存風險如果已經患有肺部疾病（慢性阻塞性肺病，肺氣腫，肺癌）或正在接受免疫抑製劑的治療，現在正是與家庭醫生或專科醫生討論的絕佳時機，要預先了解染病時的可能治療方案。 22. Children One major relief to you parents is that kids do VERY well with coronavirus, they usually bounce back in a few days (but they will still be infectious). Just use pediatric dosing. 兒童對父母而言，最大的安慰是：治療新冠病毒的方法對於兒童非常有效，他們通常會在幾天內復原（但仍具有感染風險）。同時只需使用兒童劑量即可。 23. Be calm and prepare rationally and everything will be fine. This is to inform us all that the pH for corona virus varies from 5.5 to 8.5. 保持鎮靜，合理應對，一切都會好轉。要告訴所有人，新冠病毒的pH值在 5.5 到 8.5 之間。 24. All we need to do, to beat corona virus, we need to take more of an alkaline foods that are above the above pH level of the Virus. 為了戰勝新冠病毒，我們一切所需要做的，就是大量攝取高於上述pH值的鹼性食品。 Some of which are: 其中包括： 25. Lime萊姆 - 8.2pH Tangerine柑橘 - 8.5pH Mango芒果 - 8.7pH Orange 柳橙 - 9.2pH Lemon檸檬 - 9.9pH Pineapple 鳳梨 - 12.7pH Garlic 蒜頭 - 13.2pH Avocado 牛油果 - 15.6pH Dandelion 蒲公英 - 22.7pH 26. How do you know you have coronavirus? 如何知道染上新冠病毒？ 1. Itching in the throat 喉嚨很癢 2. Dry throat 喉嚨乾渴 3. Dry couch 乾咳 4. High temperature 發高燒 5. Shortness of breath 呼吸急促 6. Loss of sense of taste & smell 失去味覺和嗅覺 7. Covid toes - toes turning blue/black 有新冠病毒腳趾 - 腳趾變成藍色或黑色 27. So where you notice these things quickly take warm water with lemon and drink. 因此，如果自己有這些症狀，就要立刻飲用溫熱的檸檬水。 28. Do not keep this information to yourself only. Pass it to all your family and friends. 不要保留這個信息。轉傳給所有家人和朋友。諸君健康

3 人回報・1 則回應・3 年前

The new NCP coronavirus has a latency period of 0 to 24 days. As there may be no sign of infection, one will not know if he is infected. By the time they have fever and / or cough and goes to the hospital, the lungs is usually 50% Fibrosis and it's too late! Taiwan experts provide a simple self-check that you can do every morning: Take a deep breath and hold your breath for more than 10 seconds. If you can complete it successfully without coughing, without feeling discomfort, stuffiness or tightness etc.) congratulations! It proves that there is no fibrosis in the lungs, basically indicating no infection . In critical times, please self-check every morning in an environment with clean air! * Deep inhalation for 10 seconds in the morning, no cough, depression, tightness, discomfort, etc. * It proves that there is no fibrosis in the lungs, which means that pneumonia has not attack, but it must be tested continuously every day.😀 新的NCP冠状病毒的潜伏期为0到24天。由于可能没有感染的迹象，因此不会知道他是否被感染。等到他们发烧和/或咳嗽并去医院的时候，肺通常纤维化程度为50％，为时已晚！台湾专家提供了一个简单的自检工具，您可以每天早上进行：深呼吸，屏住呼吸10秒钟以上。如果您能成功完成它而又不咳嗽，不感到不适，闷闷不乐或紧绷等，那就表示祝贺！它证明了肺部没有纤维化，基本上表明没有感染。在关键时刻，请每天早晨在干净的环境中进行自我检查！ * 早上深呼吸10秒钟, 没有咳嗽, 沮丧，紧绷，不适等。 * 证明肺中没有纤维化，这意味着肺炎没有发作，但每天必须连续进行检查。😀

1 人回報・1 則回應・5 年前

轉～翻譯一篇在西雅圖感染新冠肺炎病毒的美國人所寫的個人經歷。 I had COVID-19 and here is my story. I made this post public out of several requests from my friends who asked me to share. I hope it gives you some good information and peace of mind! 我感染了新冠病毒（武漢肺炎），由於不少我身邊朋友的請托，希望我可以跟大家分享我的情況，所以我決定把我的染病的經驗公開，讓大家可以有更多的了解。 First how easily you can get it. I believe I caught it when attending a small house party at which no one was coughing, sneezing or otherwise displaying any symptoms of illness. It appears that 40% of the attendees of this party ended up sick. The media tells you to wash your hands and avoid anyone with symptoms. I did. There is no way to avoid catching this except avoiding all other humans. 40% of folks were all sick within 3 days of attending the party all with the same/similar symptoms including fever. 首先對於新冠病毒，它比你想像的更容易被感染. 我確信我是在參加一個小型家庭聚會時被感染的。當時參加的客人沒有人咳嗽、打噴嚏，或者顯現出任何生病的症狀。結果呢？約40%參加聚會的人都被感染了！媒體上所說的要勤洗手避免跟有症狀的人接觸，我都照做了. 我覺得沒有任何方式可以避免被感染，除非你完全避免跟人群接觸。40% 被感染者都是在參加聚會後三天之內就發病，他們都有著相同的症狀，包含發燒. Second, the symptoms appear to be different depending on your constitution and/or age. Most of my friends who got it were in their late 40s to early 50s. I’m in my mid 30s. For us it was headache, fever (for first 3 days consistently and then on and off after 3 days), severe body aches and joint pain, and severe fatigue. I had a fever that spiked the first night to 103 degrees and eventually came down to 100 and then low grade 99.5. Some folks had diarrhea. 其次，這些症狀因人而異，因每個人的身體狀況及年齡而有所不同。大部分受感染的朋友年齡層約在40到50歲左右，而我是30幾歲。對我們來說染病的初始症狀是頭痛，發燒（最初三天是持續高燒而後三天是間歇性高燒），身體的劇烈疼痛以及關節疼痛，而且有強烈的四肢無力與倦怠感。在我感染的第一個晚上高燒到103度，隨後下降到100度、99.5度.有些朋友則有腹瀉的症狀。 I felt nauseous one day. Once the fever is gone some were left with nasal congestion, sore throat. Only a very few of us had a mild itchy cough. Very few had chest tightness or other respiratory symptoms. Total duration of illness was 10-16 days. 有一天我覺得想嘔吐。當發燒症狀消退後，鼻塞、喉嚨痛的症狀則持續，僅僅極少數的人感到輕微的喉頭搔癢的乾咳。只有幾個人感到胸口鬱悶感及其他的呼吸道感染徵狀。整個發病期約持續10-16天。 The main issue is that without reporting a cough or trouble breathing many of us were refused testing. I got tested through the Seattle Flu Study. This is a RESEARCH study here in Seattle and they have been testing volunteers for strains of the flu to study transmission within the community. A few weeks ago, they started to test a random subset of samples for COVID-19 infection. They sent my sample to the King County Public Health Department for confirmation; however, I was told that all of the samples that have tested positive in the research study have been confirmed by Public Health. 問題的癥結點在於很多人在沒有咳嗽或呼吸困難的症狀時，都傾向於不需要(或不認為必須)接受武漢肺炎測試。我是透過一個叫做西雅圖流感研究的機構所做的測試。這是一個位於西雅圖的研究機構，它們透過對志願者的檢測，來研究流感病毒類型與社區傳播。幾週前這個機構開始對志願者提供新冠肺炎病毒做隨機抽樣檢測。它們把我的初測到的陽性樣本送到國王郡的公共衛生部門去做感染病毒的確認。隨後我被通知連同我在內所有陽性反應的檢測人，都被確認是感染了新冠肺炎的病毒。 As of Monday March 9th, it has been 13 days since my symptoms started and more than 72 hours since my fever subsided. The King County Public Health Department is recommending you stay isolated for 7 days after the start of symptoms or 72 hours after your fever subsides. I have surpassed both deadlines so I am no longer isolating myself however I am avoiding strenuous activity and large crowds and I obviously will not come near you if I see you in public. I was not hospitalized. Not every country is hospitalizing everyone with a COVID-19 infection and in my case, and in many other cases, I didn’t even go to the doctor because I was recovering on my own and felt it was just a nasty flu strain different from the ones I have been protected from with this season’s flu vaccine. 從最初感到症狀到昨天3/9為止，已經過了13天，發燒症狀消退已經過了72小時(3天)。國王郡的公衛部門建議感染者在有感染的症狀出現後，做至少7天的自我的居家隔離。在發燒症狀消退後的72小時內，也應居家隔離，避免接觸公眾。目前我已經度過了這兩個期限，所以我不再自我居家隔離，於此同時，我還是避免過度參與公眾活動與接觸大批人群。我並沒有住院，也不是所有感染新冠肺炎病毒的人都住進郡立醫院。很多跟我一樣的感染者，並沒有去看醫生，就自我痊癒了。對我們來說，這感覺就像一個比以往流行型感冒稍微嚴重一點的新型流感，與我所接種而受到保護的流感疫苗，略為不同。 I also truly believe the lack of testing is leading to folks believing that they just have a cold or something else going out into public and spreading it. And worse folks with no symptoms are also spreading it as in the case of a person attending a party or social gathering who has no symptoms. 我確信缺乏對新冠病毒檢測的機制是造成多數人相信他們只是感染風寒或一般正在傳播的季節性流感而已。最糟的情況是，很多人在沒有顯現任何症狀的情況下，仍舊正常參加集會活動或正常社交聚會，而將病毒傳播出去。 I know some folks are thinking that this can’t/won’t impact them. I hope it doesn’t but I believe that the overall lack of early and pervasive testing damaged the public’s ability to avoid the illness here in Seattle. All I know is that Seattle has been severely impacted and although I’m better now I would not wish this very uncomfortable illness on anyone. 我知道很多人認為這款病毒不會傳染給他們。我真心希望真的是如此，但是我仍舊相信整體上缺乏早期的發現與預防性檢測，將會嚴重影響到西雅圖地區公眾對新冠肺炎的抵抗能力。目前已知的情況是西雅圖地區已經有嚴重的疫情，雖然我已經痊癒，但是我真的不希望這樣的病情發生在其他更多人身上。 One thing that I believe may have saved me from getting worse respiratory symptoms is the fact that I consistently took Sudafed, used Afrin nasal spray (3 sprays in each nostril, 3 days at a time and then 3 days off), and used a Neti pot (with purified water). This could have kept my sinuses clear and prevented the symptoms from spreading to my lungs. This is not medical advice: I’m simply sharing what I did and correlating it with the fact that I had no respiratory symptoms. The two could be entirely unrelated based on the viral strain and viral load that I received. 我想我做了一件正確的選擇，讓我呼吸系統感染的症狀不致於變得更嚴重，就是我按時服用 Sudafed (一種藥方販售，不需處方的感冒退燒藥)，Afrin 鼻腔噴劑以及使用清鼻腔咽喉分泌物的Neti Pot 。這些措施保持我的鼻腔咽喉乾淨，從而防堵病毒向下蔓延到我的肺部。我不是在這裡提供醫療建議，只是單純的分享我個人的經驗，因為我並沒有肺部的感染。也許我所做的跟肺部感染並無相關性。而是跟我所感染的病毒特性與病毒感染量有關。 I hope this information helps someone avoid getting sick and/or push to get tested sooner rather than later so you know to isolate before it gets worse or to get medical care if you have respiratory distress. Hand washing doesn’t guarantee you won’t get sick, especially when folks without symptoms are contagious and could be standing right next to you in any given social situation. You more likely than not will not die, but do you want to risk spreading it to a loved one over 60 or someone with an immunity issue? Stay healthy folks! 我希望我所分享的資訊，能幫助大家避免受到感染，或者推動整個公眾檢測系統能更快啟動讓感染者能早期自我隔離，而有呼吸道症候群感染疑慮者，能早期接受治療。洗手並無法完全避免受到感染。尤其那些沒有任何徵兆的帶原傳播者，可能正是你身邊普通社交場合出現的人們。感染病毒後不一定會致死。但是你也不會想不小心傳播病毒給你身邊所關心的年長者，或者有免疫系統功能失調的親友們。大家保重。

10 人回報・2 則回應・5 年前

值得細看 Worth reading. 這是留美醫學教授黃建中先生發到同學群的微信。講的很好。 This is a message from Professor Wong Kin-Chung, a medical professor in USA, to his students in a chat group. Very well said. (Translator Alice’s note: the original message was in Chinese, I am translating this for the benefit of my non-Chinese reading family and friends residing overseas. With apolgies to Professor Wong, I have made some editorial changes while not affecting the meaning of the original message.) 現在.... 有很多的疑似或確診但病情輕微的病人住不進醫院。這個可以理解，因為任何城市都不可能在平時建設這麼多的傳染病醫院和傳染病床，還要有這麼多的傳染科醫護人員待命。 Now ......there are lots of suspected and confirmed cases (of coronavirus) where the patients cannot be admitted into hospital. This is understandable. It is simply not possible for any city in normal times to build and maintain so many infectious disease hospitals and hospital beds, and to have so many qualified infectious disease control medical staff to be on stand by. 其實去醫院也沒有針對性的特殊治療，主要還是支持療法。住不進醫院急也沒用。按照我下面說的，應該可以先延緩病情發展，等待進院。 In reality, even if you go into hospital, they do not have any special treatment that target (the coronavirus), they only offer supportive therapy. It won’t help to get frustrated if you can’t get into hospital. Do as I say below. It would help delay the progress of your condition, while waiting for admission. 我是醫生多年，又是營養師多年，我的方法是有科學依據的，可以把我的這個微信發到有需要的群里，以便如果有人遇到這樣的情況時可以參考自救。 I have been a doctor as well as a nutritionist for decades. My method is scientifically based. Please feel free to circulate my message to your other chat groups, my advice may help people who find themselves in the situations I describe. 這不是鼓吹靠自己來治療，而是用這些生活中的方法給自己贏得時間等待 .... 整體條件改善時住進醫院治療。我寫的這些方法都是有依據的。 I am not recommending self healing, only to use everyday actions to buy time.... to improve one’s general health condition while waiting for hospital admission. 1. 患者家人全部進出門用鹽水漱口，要涼水，不要用熱水，涼水可以讓口咽部黏膜下血管收縮，減少病毒進入血液的機會。鹽水可以固定病毒表面的S-蛋白，使其不易附著到黏膜上。冠狀病毒只有先與黏膜上的特定蛋白結合，才能進入到我們人體細胞，再大量複製。要經常漱口 ,用含酒精的漱口液更好。 1. Patients’ family members, on entering and leaving home, should rinse their mouths with salted water, using cold water, not hot. Cold water will contract blood vessels in one’s mouth and throat, thereby reducing chances of viruses entering one’s blood stream. Salted water can stabilise the s-protein on the virus’ surface, making it less easy to attach to the mucous membranes. To enter human bodies, the coronavirus first has to bind itself to certain specific proteins in the membrane and then self multiply massively. So rinse your mouth frequently, it will be even better if you use mouth rinse that contains alcohol. 2. 如果已經確診，但住不進醫院，只能在家自我隔離（單房間），時刻帶上口罩。家人也時刻帶口罩，只要沒有直接的飛沫傳播，就很難傳染。用75%酒精噴灑家裡，盡可能不留死角。傢具用酒精搽拭。這個病毒對酒精不耐受，用酒精可以滅活。家裡的衣服能用開水燙的就用開水燙，這個病毒能耐受的溫度是60度以下，高溫可以滅活。不能開水燙的衣服鞋子噴灑酒精消毒。 2. If you have been tested positive but cannot be hospitalised, your only option is to self-isolate at home (in a room by yourself), wearing a mask all the time. Family members must also wear masks at all times. So long as there is no transmission via droplets, transmission of the virus is unlikely. Clean your house using 75% alcohol, clean every corner and even the furniture. Alcohol kills this virus. As does high heat, so use hot water of over 60 degrees to wash your clothes. This virus cannot survive heat above 60 degrees. For shoes or clothes that can’t be washed in hot water above 60 degrees, clean them with disinfectant. 3. 如果有症狀但不重，首先注意多喝水，每次喝水量不要大，幾口就行，頻繁的喝，保持水份平衡。大蒜生薑洋蔥都有抗病毒作用，生吃或煮水喝。尤其生薑可以煮濃姜湯，喝了加快血液循環，如果能出汗更好。可以喝一些白酒，加快血液。循環。血液循環對自身免疫功能非常重要。這個病即使住院，也是要靠自身免疫力來控制的。 4. Those tested positive but not too unwell, drink lots of water. It doesn’t have to be lots of water each time, a few sips are sufficient. Drink frequently, keep the body hydrated. Garlic, ginger and onions also have properties that help one’s fight against this virus, eat raw or make into drinks to consume. Ginger is best. Make drinks by boiling fresh ginger in water, it will help one’s blood circulation which in turn boosts the immune system. Good immune system is of overriding importance whether or not one gets hospitalised. 4. 熱雞湯是美國傳統上抗感冒的，醫生也提倡，可以多喝。到藥房去買維生素C，大劑量服，每天4000毫克，維生素C既可以影響病毒複製，又可以穩定血管璧，減少肺部炎性滲出。紅酒里含紅酒多酚，有一定的類似激素作用，可以喝。因為中國國家衛健委的治療指南也是用短期的激素，紅酒多酚消炎是很有效的（紅葡萄酒，不是白葡萄酒）。 4. Hot chicken soup is a common American remedy for colds and flus, which even doctors recommend. Drink more. Go to the pharmacy to buy high dosage Vitamin C, 4000mg daily. Vitamin C affects virus’ self duplication, and can also stabilise the blood vessels’ outer surface, helping to reduce seepage of infection from the lungs. Drink red wine (not white). Red wine contains polyphenol which acts like hormones to protect tissues against inflammation. This is in line with the treatment recommendations issued by the health authorities in China. 5. 好的蘑菇如花菇含有豐富的多糖類物質，可以刺激免疫系統，日本對花菇的研究很多，要多吃。烹飪之前，在水里多泡泡，去除蘑菇可能吸附的農藥殘留。如果家裡有靈芝等，那就更好，沒有就多吃花菇（不是平菇）。人參西洋參都可以煮水喝，對提高免疫機能有好處。可以和雞湯一起煮。 5. Eat more mushrooms. Good mushrooms, like shiitake, contain properties that stimulate the immunity system. The Japanese have done much research in mushrooms. Must soak well before cooking, in order to get rid of any remnants of agricultural insecticides. If you have Lingzhi, that’s even better. Eat good shiitake mushrooms (not the cheap produce). Ginseng and american ginseng are also good for boosting the immune system. Cook with chicken to make soup. 6. 西藥里的阿斯匹林可以服用小劑量（5-20毫克），既有消炎的作用，也有降低血液粘稠度的作用。資料顯示病毒感染者有的血漿二聚體增高，意味著血液粘度升高，血流流速減慢，這種情況不利於免疫細胞的運動，而有利於病毒複製。中藥里的黃芪黨參西洋參含類黃酮，可以保護各器官的細胞，避免出現器官嚴重損傷。實在沒有這些煮黃豆吃也有作用。 6. Small amount of aspirin (5-20 mg) also helps. Other than being anti inflammatory, it reduces the viscosity of the blood. Available information suggests that confirmed patients’ blood contains elevated Plasma D-dimer Count, suggesting a higher viscosity and reduced circulation rate. Such is not conducive to healthy regenerative activities of one’s immunity system, but rather favours the virus’ replication. In Chinese medicine, astragalus, codonopsis and American ginseng contain flavonoids, protecting cells from severe damage. Without these, eating soy beans would help. 7. 能進食是關鍵，胃口不好可以煮水喝，一切能開胃的方法都可以，只要能吃就問題不大。注意尿量。每天至少要上廁所幾次，排正常尿量。 7. The key is to keep eating (= nourishment). If you have no appetite for solids, liquidise your food. Just eat anything that you fancy. So long as you eat, the problem is manageable. Monitor your urination (translator’s note: = body hydration). You have to pee numerous times a day, in normal quantity. 謝謝！可轉發！照顧好自己和家人 Thank you! Can circulate! Take good care of yourselves and your families

10 人回報・5 則回應・5 年前

H💖✝️🌈舊金山市長李孟賢（Edwin M. Lee）已於12 日凌晨1時11分因心臟病發於舊金山總醫院過世，享年65歲。請花幾分鐘閱讀此文： In 1993 The American Heart Association began recommending a 325 mg Aspirin at the onset of chest pain or other symptoms of a severe heart attack. That bit of advice is going unheeded, though; a follow-up report published in 1997 shows as many as 10,000 American lives a year could be saved if more people who think they're having a heart attack took an aspirin at the start of chest pains. it probably makes a great deal of sense to chew the Aspirin before swallowing. The sooner it is dispersed by the stomach, the sooner it gets to where it is needed. This is from Dr. Geetha Krishnaswamy, Please give your 2 min. and read this: 1. Let’s say it’s 7:25pm and you’re going home (alone of course) after an unusually hard day on the job. 假設現在是晚上7時25分，你在不尋常忙碌工作後的一天回家（單獨一人）。 2. You’re really tired, upset and frustrated. 你確實感覺非常的累、懊惱和沮喪。 3. Suddenly you start experiencing severe pain in your chest that starts to drag out into your arm and up in to your jaw. You are only about five km from the hospital nearest your home. 突然，你感觉你的胸部剧烈疼痛，然后延伸至手臂甚至到下巴。最靠近你住家的医院大概只有五公里。 4. Unfortunately you don’t know if you’ll be able to make it that far. 不幸的是，你不知道你是否能去到那麼遠。 5. You have been trained in CPR, but the guy who taught the course did not tell you how to perform it on yourself. 您學過心肺復甦CPR培訓，但教課的那個傢伙並沒告訴你如何對自己進行此療法。 6. HOW TO SURVIVE A HEART ATTACK WHEN ALONE? Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack without help, the person whose heart is beating improperly and who begins to feel faint, has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness. 如何在獨自一人時拯救心臟病發作？許多人都是在獨處時遭受心臟發作，無人可施於援救，而不規律的心臟跳動和開始感到頭暈的狀況讓患者只剩離開失去意識約10秒而已。 7. However, these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very vigorously. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and prolonged, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest. A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without let-up until help arrives, or until the heart is felt to be beating normally again. 其實，這些受害者可以通過反復大力的咳嗽自救。每次咳嗽前必須深深呼吸，並且每一次的咳嗽一定要深和長，就彷如要從胸膛深處咳出痰的情況一樣。受害者必須約每兩秒重復深呼吸和咳嗽，一刻都不可松懈，直到救援人員到達，或者直到感覺心臟跳動恢復正常。 8. Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating. The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. In this way, heart attack victims can get to a hospital. 深呼吸可以讓氧氣進入肺部，咳嗽擠壓心臟並讓血液保持循環。擠壓的壓力也幫助心臟恢復正常的節奏。這樣，心臟發作受害者才能有機會抵達醫院。 9. Tell as many other people as possible about this. It could save their lives! 盡可能傳達此資訊給更多人，這將輓救他們的生命！ 10. A cardiologist says If everyone who gets this mail kindly send it to 10 people, you can bet that we’ll save at least one life. 心臟病專家說，如果大家能於收到這個郵件後轉發給10個人，可以打賭，我們將可輓救至少一條命。 11. Rather than sending jokes, please..contribute by forwarding this mail which can save a person’s life…. 與其發送笑話，請幫忙轉發此足於輓救一個人的生命的郵件。 12. If this message comes around you ……more than once…..please don’t get irritated……You need to be happy that you have many friends who care about you & being reminded of how to tackle….Heart Attack….AGAIN… 如果此消息不止一次的寄到你的郵箱，不要惱怒......你應該感到高興，因為有這麼多同學、朋友在關心你，不斷重復的提醒你如何應對心臟病的突發。 From: Dr. N Siva (Senior Cardiologist) (資深心臟科醫生)

1 人回報・1 則回應・7 年前

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